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1.
J Med Genet ; 60(7): 679-684, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36411031

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited syndrome that is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants of the mismatch repair genes. It is characterised by the development of multiple tumours in the first and second decade of life including brain, gastrointestinal and haematological tumours often resulting in early death. In order to improve the prognosis of these patients, the European collaborative group 'care for CMMRD' developed a surveillance programme in 2014 and established a registry of patients with CMMRD in Paris. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of this programme. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with a definitive diagnosis of CMMRD and with at least one follow-up study were selected from the registry. Medical data on the outcome of surveillance were collected from these patients. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 4 years, the programme detected eight malignant tumours including three brain tumours, three upper gastrointestinal cancers and two colorectal cancers. Most tumours could successfully be treated. In addition, many adenomas were detected in the duodenum, and colorectum and subsequently removed. Seven patients developed a symptomatic malignancy, including two brain tumours, one small bowel cancer and four haematological malignancies. At the end of the follow-up, 16 out of 22 patients (73%) who participated in the surveillance programme were still alive. CONCLUSION: The study suggests a beneficial effect of surveillance of the digestive tract and brains.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neoplasias Colorretais , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias , Humanos , Seguimentos , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/diagnóstico , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/epidemiologia , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Reparo de Erro de Pareamento de DNA , Endonuclease PMS2 de Reparo de Erro de Pareamento/genética
2.
Clin Genet ; 101(5-6): 494-506, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35170016

RESUMO

Peters' anomaly (PA) is a rare anterior segment dysgenesis characterized by central corneal opacity and irido-lenticulo-corneal adhesions. Several genes are involved in syndromic or isolated PA (B3GLCT, PAX6, PITX3, FOXE3, CYP1B1). Some copy number variations (CNVs) have also been occasionally reported. Despite this genetic heterogeneity, most of patients remain without genetic diagnosis. We retrieved a cohort of 95 individuals with PA and performed genotyping using a combination of comparative genomic hybridization, whole genome, exome and targeted sequencing of 119 genes associated with ocular development anomalies. Causative genetic defects involving 12 genes and CNVs were identified for 1/3 of patients. Unsurprisingly, B3GLCT and PAX6 were the most frequently implicated genes, respectively in syndromic and isolated PA. Unexpectedly, the third gene involved in our cohort was SOX2, the major gene of micro-anophthalmia. Four unrelated patients with PA (isolated or with microphthalmia) were carrying pathogenic variants in this gene that was never associated with PA before. Here we described the largest cohort of PA patients ever reported. The genetic bases of PA are still to be explored as genetic diagnosis was unavailable for 2/3 of patients. Nevertheless, we showed here for the first time the involvement of SOX2 in PA, offering new evidence for its role in corneal transparency and anterior segment development.


Assuntos
Opacidade da Córnea , Anormalidades do Olho , Segmento Anterior do Olho/anormalidades , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Opacidade da Córnea/diagnóstico , Opacidade da Córnea/genética , Opacidade da Córnea/patologia , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA/genética , Anormalidades do Olho/diagnóstico , Anormalidades do Olho/genética , Anormalidades do Olho/patologia , Humanos , Mutação/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/genética
3.
Hum Mutat ; 39(6): 790-805, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29637653

RESUMO

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is an X-linked multiple congenital anomalies and overgrowth syndrome caused by a defect in the glypican-3 gene (GPC3). Until now, GPC3 mutations have been reported in isolated cases or small series and the global genotypic spectrum of these mutations has never been delineated. In this study, we review the 57 previously described GPC3 mutations and significantly expand this mutational spectrum with the description of 29 novel mutations. Compiling our data and those of the literature, we provide an overview of 86 distinct GPC3 mutations identified in 120 unrelated families, ranging from single nucleotide variations to complex genomic rearrangements and dispersed throughout the entire coding region of GPC3. The vast majority of them are deletions or truncating mutations (frameshift, nonsense mutations) predicted to result in a loss-of-function. Missense mutations are rare and the two which were functionally characterized, impaired GPC3 function by preventing GPC3 cleavage and cell surface addressing respectively. This report by describing for the first time the wide mutational spectrum of GPC3 could help clinicians and geneticists in interpreting GPC3 variants identified incidentally by high-throughput sequencing technologies and also reinforces the need for functional validation of non-truncating mutations (missense, in frame mutations, duplications).


Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/genética , Genes Ligados ao Cromossomo X/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Gigantismo/genética , Glipicanas/genética , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Arritmias Cardíacas/patologia , Códon sem Sentido/genética , Feminino , Mutação da Fase de Leitura/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/patologia , Gigantismo/patologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/patologia , Masculino , Linhagem , Fenótipo
5.
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet ; 163C(2): 92-105, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23606591

RESUMO

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is a rare X-linked multiple congenital abnormality/intellectual disability syndrome characterized by pre- and post-natal overgrowth, distinctive craniofacial features, macrocephaly, variable congenital malformations, organomegaly, increased risk of tumor and mild/moderate intellectual deficiency. In 1996, Glypican 3 (GPC3) was identified as the major gene causing SGBS but the mutation detection rate was only 28-70%, suggesting either genetic heterogeneity or that some patients could have alternative diagnoses. This was particularly suggested by some reports of atypical cases with more severe prognoses. In the family reported by Golabi and Rosen, a duplication of GPC4 was recently identified, suggesting that GPC4 could be the second gene for SGBS but no point mutations within GPC4 have yet been reported. In the genetics laboratory in Tours Hospital, GPC3 molecular testing over more than a decade has detected pathogenic mutations in only 8.7% of individuals with SGBS. In addition, GPC4 mutations have not been identified thus raising the question of frequent misdiagnosis. In order to better delineate the phenotypic spectrum of SGBS caused by GPC3 mutations, and to try to define specific clinical criteria for GPC3 molecular testing, we reviewed the clinical features of all male cases with a GPC3 mutation identified in the two molecular laboratories providing this test in France (Tours and Paris). We present here the results of the analysis of 42 patients belonging to 31 families and including five fetuses and three deceased neonates.


Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Gigantismo/genética , Glipicanas/genética , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Mutação , Humanos , Fenótipo
7.
Nat Rev Endocrinol ; 15(5): 299-311, 2019 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30842651

RESUMO

Overgrowth syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by generalized or segmental excessive growth commonly associated with additional features, such as visceromegaly, macrocephaly and a large range of various symptoms. These syndromes are caused by either genetic or epigenetic anomalies affecting factors involved in cell proliferation and/or the regulation of epigenetic markers. Some of these conditions are associated with neurological anomalies, such as cognitive impairment or autism. Overgrowth syndromes are frequently associated with an increased risk of cancer (embryonic tumours during infancy or carcinomas during adulthood), but with a highly variable prevalence. Given this risk, syndrome-specific tumour screening protocols have recently been established for some of these conditions. Certain specific clinical traits make it possible to discriminate between different syndromes and orient molecular explorations to determine which molecular tests to conduct, despite the syndromes having overlapping clinical features. Recent advances in molecular techniques using next-generation sequencing approaches have increased the number of patients with an identified molecular defect (especially patients with segmental overgrowth). This Review discusses the clinical and molecular diagnosis, tumour risk and recommendations for tumour screening for the most prevalent generalized and segmental overgrowth syndromes.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/genética , Arritmias Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/genética , Arritmias Cardíacas/patologia , Feminino , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/epidemiologia , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/patologia , Gigantismo/epidemiologia , Gigantismo/genética , Gigantismo/patologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/epidemiologia , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/patologia , Megalencefalia/epidemiologia , Megalencefalia/genética , Megalencefalia/patologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome de Sotos/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Sotos/genética , Síndrome de Sotos/patologia , Síndrome
8.
Eur J Hum Genet ; 27(4): 663-668, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30683921

RESUMO

NAME OF THE DISEASE (SYNONYMS): Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS). OMIM# OF THE DISEASE: 312870. NAME OF THE ANALYSED GENES OR DNA/CHROMOSOME SEGMENTS: GPC3. OMIM# OF THE GENE(S): 300037. Review of the analytical and clinical validity as well as of the clinical utility of DNA-based testing for mutations in the GPC3 gene(s) in ⊠ diagnostic, ☐ predictive and ⊠ prenatal settings and for ⊠ risk assessment in relatives.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Arritmias Cardíacas/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Gigantismo/genética , Glipicanas/genética , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/fisiopatologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/diagnóstico , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/fisiopatologia , Testes Genéticos , Gigantismo/diagnóstico , Gigantismo/fisiopatologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias Congênitas/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Mutação/genética , Fenótipo
9.
Ophthalmic Genet ; 39(3): 314-320, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29405783

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Congenital cataract displays large phenotypic (syndromic and isolated cataracts) and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in several transcription factors involved in eye development, like PITX3, have been associated with congenital cataracts and anterior segment mesenchymal disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Targeted sequencing of 187 genes involved in ocular development was performed in 96 patients with mainly anophthalmia and microphthalmia. Additionally, Sanger sequencing analysis of PITX3 was performed on a second cohort of 32 index cases with congenital cataract and Peters anomaly and/or sclereocornea. RESULTS: We described five families with four different PITX3 mutations, two of which were novel. In Family 1, the heterozygous recurrent c.640_656dup (p.Gly220Profs*95) mutation cosegregated with eye anomalies ranging from congenital cataract to Peters anomaly. In Family 2, the novel c.669del [p.(Leu225Trpfs*84)] mutation cosegregated with dominantly inherited eye anomalies ranging from posterior embryotoxon to congenital cataract in heterozygous carriers and congenital sclereocornea and cataract in a patient homozygous for this mutation. In Family 3, we identified the recurrent heterozygous c.640_656dup (p.Gly220Profs*95) mutation segregating with congenital cataract. In Family 4, the de novo c.582del [p.(Ile194Metfs*115)] mutation was identified in a patient with congenital cataract, microphthalmia, developmental delay and autism. In Family 5, the c.38G>A (p.Ser13Asn) mutation segregated dominantly in a family with Peters anomaly, which is a novel phenotype associated with the c.38G>A variant compared with the previously reported isolated congenital cataract. CONCLUSIONS: Our study unveils different phenotypes associated with known and novel mutations in PITX3, which will improve the genetic counselling of patients and their families.


Assuntos
Catarata/genética , Anormalidades Congênitas/genética , Anormalidades do Olho/genética , Heterozigoto , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Microftalmia/genética , Mutação , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Adolescente , Idoso , Catarata/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Anormalidades Congênitas/patologia , Anormalidades do Olho/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Microftalmia/patologia , Linhagem
10.
Bull Cancer ; 102(3): 256-69, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25725922

RESUMO

In France, endometrial cancer is at the first rank of gynecological cancers for cancer incidence, before ovarian and cervical cancers. In fact, the number of incident cases has been estimated to 7275 for the year 2012; the number of death due to endometrial cancer to 2025. This cancer is hormone-dependent and endogenous (reproductive factors) or exogenous (oral combined contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy) causes of exposition to estrogens are the major environmental risk factors for both types of endometrial cancers: type I or well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinomas; and type II including all other histological types: papillary serous adenocarcinomas, clear cell adenocarcinomas and carcinosarcomas, also known as malignant mixed Mullerian tumor, MMMT. Obesity, diabetes mellitus and adjuvant treatment of breast cancer with tamoxifen are also associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Genetic factors may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer either as "minor genetic factors" (susceptibility factors), which remain largely unknown and are responsible for the increased observed risk in relatives of women affected with endometrial cancer; or as major genetic factors responsible for hereditary forms and namely for Lynch syndrome whose genetic transmission is of autosomic dominant type. The appropriate recognition of Lynch syndrome is of critical importance because affected patients and their relatives should benefit from specific care. The aims of this review is to describe major environmental and genetic risk factors for endometrial cancer with specific attention to most recent advances in this field and to describe recommendations for care of at-risk women.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Endométrio/etiologia , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Adenocarcinoma/etiologia , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/efeitos adversos , Complicações do Diabetes , Neoplasias do Endométrio/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Endométrio/genética , Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Tamoxifeno/efeitos adversos , Aumento de Peso
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