Partitioning resilience of a marine foundation species into resistance and recovery trajectories.

The resilience of an ecological unit encompasses resistance during adverse conditions and the capacity to recover. We adopted a 'resistance-recovery' framework to experimentally partition the resilience of a foundation species (the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa). The shoot abundances of nine seagrass meadows were followed before, during and after simulated light reduction conditions. We determined the significance of ecological, environmental and genetic drivers on seagrass resistance (% of shoots retained during the light deprivation treatments) and recovery (duration from the end of the perturbed state back to initial conditions). To identify whether seagrass recovery was linearly related to prior resistance, we then established the connection between trajectories of resistance and recovery. Finally, we assessed whether recovery patterns were affected by biological drivers (production of sexual products-seeds-and asexual propagation) at the meadow-scale. Resistance to shading significantly increased with the genetic diversity of the meadow and seagrass recovery was conditioned by initial resistance during shading. A threshold in resistance (here, at a ca. 70% of shoot abundances retained during the light deprivation treatments) denoted a critical point that considerably delays seagrass recovery if overpassed. Seed densities, but not rhizome elongation rates, were higher in meadows that exhibited large resistance and quick recovery, which correlated positively with meadow genetic diversity. Our results highlight the critical role of resistance to a disturbance for persistence of a marine foundation species. Estimation of critical trade-offs between seagrass resistance and recovery is a promising field of research to better manage impacts on seagrass meadows.

Anesthesia in Combination with Propofol Increases Disease-Free Survival in Bladder Cancer Patients Who Undergo Radical Tumor Cystectomy as Compared to Inhalational Anesthetics and Opiate-Based Analgesia.

BACKGROUND: The effect of anesthetic techniques on cancer recurrence has been the subject of intensive research in the past years, as it affects a large proportion of the population. The use of opioids and halogenated agents in cancer patients during the perioperative period may be related to higher rates of cancer recurrence and reduced disease-free survival. METHODS: This was a prospective study. The sample was composed of 100 patients who underwent a radical cystectomy for infiltrating bladder cancer in a reference center. We compared disease-free survival associated with combined anesthesia versus opiate-based analgesia. The relationship between the administered hypnotic and disease-free survival was also investigated. RESULTS: The median disease-free survival of the patients who received combined anesthesia was 585 (240-1,005) days versus 210 (90-645) days in the other group. A significant difference was observed between the two groups (p = 0.01). Combined analysis of all groups revealed significant differences in disease-free survival between patients who received combined anesthesia with propofol (510 [315-1,545] disease-free days) and those who received sevoflurane and opioids (150 [90-450] disease-free days) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Anesthesia may play a crucial role in tumor relapse, as it is administered at the moment of the greatest risk of dissemination: surgical handling of the tumor. Opioids and volatile agents have been related to an increased risk for cancer recurrence. We compared the use of propofol + local anesthesia versus sevoflurane + opioids and also found that disease-free survival was longer among patients who received propofol + local anesthesia. Disease-free survival increases with the use of propofol in combination with epidural anesthesia in patients who undergo surgery for infiltrating bladder cancer.

Effect of seasonal climate fluctuations on the evolution of glycoconjugates during the ripening period of grapevine cv. Muscat à petits grains blancs berries.

BACKGROUND: Temperature changes and rainfall fluctuations affect the winemaking industry by altering vine phenology, crop yield, must composition and wine quality. Here, the evolution of the varietal aroma potential during ripening over three consecutive seasons has been analyzed considering climate conditions. The effect of season, ripening date and climatic conditions on aroma precursor accumulation in grapes was studied by multivariate analysis and discussed in regard to the potential aromatic quality of the wine. RESULTS: In contrast to musts obtained from grapes harvested in warm and dry seasons (2014 and 2015), musts obtained from grapes harvested in the coolest and most humid year (2013) showed a lower pH, higher total acidity, higher varietal aroma potential index (IPAv), and higher aromatic potential of linalool, geraniol and nerol (typical of the Muscat flavor). CONCLUSION: Considering the three seasons, grapes synthesized and accumulated more precursors when milder temperatures and late rains throughout veraison were recorded. However, we observed a high fluctuation of aroma precursors during the ripening period, so choosing the correct harvesting date (according to grape aroma potential) may overcome some of the negative effects linked to climate conditions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Mass flowering and unprecedented extended pseudovivipary in seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) after a Marine Heat Wave.

Seagrasses are marine flowering plants that create critical coastal ecosystems and are threatened by warming. Clonal expansion is generally the dominant strategy for meadow recovery, while sexual reproduction strongly differs among species (e.g., monoecious and diecious species, some creating seed banks, viviparous seedlings). In 2022, the Western Mediterranean underwent unprecedented warming, and, associated with it, we observed flowering (100 %) across 11 Posidonia oceanica meadows in Mallorca, Balearic Islands. Furthermore, 64 % of the sites also exhibited pseudovivipary, an extremely rare phenomenon in angiosperms whereby plantlets replace sexual reproductive structures, producing clones of the maternal plant. Our results support the notion that P. oceanica flowering and pseudovivipary (genetically confirmed) are triggered by warming, never before being pseudovivipary reported across multiple sites in a marine plant. Considering the negative impacts that warming can have on seagrasses, existence of widespread pseudovivipary is a critical aspect to consider for understanding mechanisms of resilience in seagrasses.

Influence of Native Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains on Malvasia aromatica Wines.

BACKGROUND: In the search of tools to deal with climate change-related effects along with the aim of avoiding the loss of aromatic typicity in wine, two native yeasts strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CLI 271 and CLI 889) were evaluated to determine their influence on white Malvasia aromatica wines aroma composition and sensory characteristics. METHODS: The strains were tested versus a commercial yeast strain (LSA). The fermentations were performed on grape must of the Malvasia aromatica variety previously macerated. Wine quality was studied by analysis of oenological parameters together with volatile aroma components using gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to quantify major volatiles compounds and headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) to determine terpenoids and C13-norisoprenoids. Sensorial analysis was also realized by an experienced taster panel. RESULTS: Wines from locally-selected yeasts strains used had lower volatile acidity levels and higher concentration of aromatic compounds compared to the commercial strain ones. The yeast strain S. cerevisiae CLI 271 provided wines with a higher concentration of esters related to fruity attributes, especially isoamyl acetate. The tasting panel highlighted the strong floral character of wines from S. cerevisiae CLI 889 fermentation. CONCLUSIONS: The use of microorganisms well adapted to climatic conditions can be used to produce quality wines of the Malvasia aromatica variety.

Evaluation of the Long-Lasting Flavour Perception after the Consumption of Wines Treated with Different Types of Oenological Additives Considering Individual 6-n-Propylthiouracil Taster Status.

Due to the limited scientific knowledge on the impact of commercial oenological additives on flavour perception, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different types of oenological additives on the long-lasting flavour perception (flavour persistence) during wine tasting, also considering the effect of the individual PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) taster status (PTS). To do so, white and red wines with two oenotannins (ellagitannin and gallotannin) and a commercial yeast mannoprotein were prepared. A control wine of each type was also made without additives. All the wines were spiked with a mixture of aromatic compounds responsible for the "fruity" and "woody" notes. Retronasal aroma and astringency were evaluated at the same time using time-intensity (TI) methodology and a trained panel (n = 40), including PROP non-tasters (NTs) and tasters (Ts). The results showed a significant effect of PTS on the long-lasting perception of astringency, being Ts who showed higher values than NTs for most TI parameters. However, PTS did not affect aroma persistence. In addition, the three oenological additives had an effect on astringency and retronasal aroma perception. They significantly increased the long-lasting perception of astringency compared to the control, while gallotannin also increased the persistence of the woody aroma.

Seagrass Cymodocea nodosa across biogeographical regions and times: Differences in abundance, meadow structure and sexual reproduction.

Seagrasses are key habitat-forming species of coastal areas. While previous research has demonstrated considerable small-scale variation in seagrass abundance and structure, studies teasing apart local from large-scale variation are scarce. We determined how different biogeographic scenarios, under varying environmental and genetic variation, explained variation in the abundance and structure (morphology and biomass allocation), epiphytes and sexual reproduction intensity of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. Regional and local-scale variation, including their temporal variability, contributed to differentially explain variation in seagrass attributes. Structural, in particular morphological, attributes of the seagrass leaf canopy, most evidenced regional seasonal variation. Allocation to belowground tissues was, however, mainly driven by local-scale variation. High seed densities were observed in meadows of large genetic diversity, indicative of sexual success, which likely resulted from the different evolutionary histories undergone by the seagrass at each region. Our results highlight that phenotypic plasticity to local and regional environments need to be considered to better manage and preserve seagrass meadows.

Opioid Free Anaesthesia and Cancer.

Opioid-free anesthesia is revolutionizing anesthetic practices for its potential benefits in selected patients. Opioid-free anesthesia represents a step forward in anesthetic practice as it has been suggested to provide potential clinical benefits for selected patients. Opioid-free anesthesia spares the use of opioids and involves the administration of multiple adjuvant anesthetics, which may have an impact on cancer progression. All this have added to the growing interest in the immune response to anesthetics, making opioid-free anesthesia a promising avenue for future research. Assessing the role of anesthetics in immunomodulation in the surgical setting is challenging, and results are often contradictory. Indeed, there is a scarcity of data of studies on humans, which hinder the interpretation of results. However, promising evidence has been published that cancer progression can be delayed by the administration of specific anesthetic agents.

Yeast Monitoring of Wine Mixed or Sequential Fermentations Made by Native Strains from D.O. "Vinos de Madrid" Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR.

There is an increasing trend toward understanding the impact of non-Saccharomyces yeasts on the winemaking process. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the predominant species at the end of fermentation, it has been recognized that the presence of non-Saccharomyces species during alcoholic fermentation can produce an improvement in the quality and complexity of the final wines. A previous work was developed for selecting the best combinations between S. cerevisiae and five non-Saccharomyces (Torulaspora delbrueckii, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida stellata, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Lachancea thermotolorans) native yeast strains from D.O. "Vinos de Madrid" at the laboratory scale. The best inoculation strategies between S. cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces strains were chosen to analyze, by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) combined with the use of specific primers, the dynamics of inoculated populations throughout the fermentation process at the pilot scale using the Malvar white grape variety. The efficiency of the qPCR system was verified independently of the samples matrix, founding the inoculated yeast species throughout alcoholic fermentation. Finally, we can validate the positive effect of selected co-cultures in the Malvar wine quality, highlighting the sequential cultures of T. delbrueckii CLI 918/S. cerevisiae CLI 889 and C. stellata CLI 920/S. cerevisiae CLI 889 and, mixed and sequential cultures of L. thermotolerans 9-6C combined with S. cerevisiae CLI 889.

Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides Produced on Malvar Wines Elaborated with Torulaspora delbrueckii CLI 918 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CLI 889 Native Yeasts from D.O. "Vinos de Madrid".

Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides released into Malvar white wines elaborated through pure, mixed, and sequential cultures with Torulaspora delbrueckii CLI 918 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CLI 889 native yeasts from D.O. "Vinos de Madrid" were studied. Both fractions from different white wines were separated by high-resolution size-exclusion chromatography. Glycosyl composition and wine polysaccharide linkages were determined by GC-EI-MS chromatography. Molar-mass distributions were determined by SEC-MALLS, and intrinsic viscosity was determined by differential viscometer. Yeast species and type of inoculation have a significant impact on wine carbohydrate composition and structure. Mannose residues from mannoproteins were significantly predominant in those cultures where T. delbrueckii was present in the fermentation process in comparison with when pure cultures of S. cerevisiae were present in the fermenation process. Galactose residues from polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose presented greater values in pure cultures of S. cerevisiae, indicating that S. cerevisiae released fewer mannoproteins than T. delbrueckii. Moreover, we reported structural differences between mannoproteins released by T. delbrueckii CLI 918 and those released by S. cerevisiae CLI 889. These findings help to provide important information about the polysaccharides and oligosaccharides released from the cell walls of Malvar grapes and the carbohydrates released from each yeast species.

[Information on cardiovascular risk in hypertense patients monitored in primary care. Does it improve our efficacy?]. / Información sobre el riesgo cardiovascular a hipertensos seguidos en atención primaria. Mejora nuestra eficacia?

OBJECTIVES: To analyse how information to patients on their cardiovascular risk affects the latter's subsequent evolution and to see whether there are differences in the evolution of risk as a function of its being high, moderate, or low. DESIGN: Intervention study of patients who attended our scheduled hypertension clinics. SETTING: Health centre on the periphery of Murcia, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred patients (139 men and 161 women) from 40 to 75 years old, with essential hypertension, treated or otherwise, controlled or otherwise, in the hypertension programme. They were divided into 3 groups of 100 patients: low, moderate, and high risk. INTERVENTIONS: There were 2 attendances of each patient: a) initially, at which cardiovascular risk was calculated; half of each risk group were informed of their cardiovascular risk; b) finally, a year later, at which the cardiovascular risk of all the patients was calculated. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Calculation of cardiovascular risk on the Framingham scale. RESULTS: No significant differences were appreciated in low and moderate cardiovascular risk groups. In the high-risk group, the informed patients fell from an initial 23.6+/-2.5% to 20.1+/-2.6% after a year (P<.01); and in the non-informed group, from an initial 23.9+/-2.8% to a final 22.1+/-2.7% (P<.05). The difference in reduction of risk between informed and non-informed patients was significant (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Informing our hypertense patients about their cardiovascular risk is linked to a reduction in this risk when it is high.

Glosario de términos farmacológicos / Glossary of pharmacological terms

Este glosario se confeccionó con el objetivo de brindarles a los estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas y a los profesionales de la salud en general, información acerca de los medicamentos de mayor uso, mostrando su nombre en español e inglés, la correcta pronunciación, sus indicaciones y tratamiento. Este compila 142 medicamentos, ordenados alfabéticamente con una traducción al español de sus correspondientes categorías y aplicaciones. Algunos de los medicamentos compilados en este folleto fueron impartidos en las clases de inglés con fines médicos en 4to año de la carrera de Medicina durante este curso, y ha sido de gran interés y utilidad para los futuros profesionales. Se concluye que el folleto es de gran utilidad porque no solo puede servir de referencia a los estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas, sino también a todo el personal de la salud o a cualquier persona interesada en el tema, incluyendo a profesores de inglés de la institución.

Aimed at providing medical students and health professionals information about the most used medications showing their names in Spanish and English as well as the correct pronunciation, indications and treatment, a glossary of pharmacological terms was made. This compiles 142 medications in alphabetical order having a translation into Spanish of their corresponding categories and applications. Some of the medications compiled in this pamphlet were taught in the English lessons with medical purposes in the 4th academic year of the medical major during this course, being of great interest and usefulness for the future health professionals. Concluding that this glossary can be a tool of reference for medical students and for all health personnel or any other people interested in the topic, including professors of English in the institution.

Teorías de aprendizaje y la enseñanza de los componentes de la lengua inglesa en los centros de educación médica superior

A lo largo del siglo XX una gran variedad de métodos de enseñanza y teorías lingüísticas han sido aplicadas y aún se siguen aplicando en diferentes partes del mundo en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, pero la práctica ha demostrado que al menos en los países como Cuba, y particularmente en los centros de educación médica superior donde se enseña el inglés como lengua extranjera, muchos egresados de estos cursos son incapaces de comunicarse correctamente. Sin embargo, en nuestro medio existe poco conocimiento de las diferentes teorías de aprendizaje que han tenido su incidencia de una forma u otra en los diferentes métodos de enseñanza de idiomas. Es por ello que nuestro trabajo intenta lograr un acercamiento a estas teorías lingüísticas, sus características principales, sus técnicas y procedimientos para enseñar los diferentes componentes de la lengua y el desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas, y se aborda una experiencia al utilizar un enfoque integral de dichas teorías en los cursos para colaboradores de la salud.

Throughout the 20th century, a great variety of teaching methods and linguistic theories have been and are still being implemented in the teaching of foreign languages in different parts of the world, but practice has shown that in countries like Cuba and particularly in higher medical education centers where English is taught as a foreign language, many graduates from these courses are unable to communicate in a correct way. However, the different learning theories which in one way or another have had an incidence on the various language teaching methods are barely known in our context. That is the reason why our paper is intended to approach to these linguistic theories, their main characteristics, techniques and procedures for teaching different parts of a language and for developing linguistic skills; it also deals with some experience in the use of a comprehensive approach to such theories in the courses given to health-care providers in cooperation activities.