Teaching critical appraisal to large classes of undergraduate medical students using team-based learning versus group discussions: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effectiveness of team-based learning in teaching critical appraisal to large classes of preclinical medical students is scarce. This study investigated whether team-based learning is effective in teaching critical appraisal to large classes of preclinical medical students. METHODS: Between April 2018 and May 2019, 107 first-year medical students were randomly allocated to receive instruction in critical appraisal using team-based learning or traditional group discussions as teaching methods. The primary outcome was students' performance on the Berlin Questionnaire administered at the end of second year. RESULTS: Students' mean (SD) age was 22.0 (0.7) years. Baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar (all p values > 0.05). The mean (SD) Berlin scores of both groups were 80.4 (11.6) and 80.1 (12.1) for team-based learning and group discussions, respectively. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that the student's academic achievement in medical school was the sole predictor of performance on the Berlin Questionnaire (ß = 1.079, p < 0.001), adjusting for gender, Medical College Admission Test score, student's self-reported preferred teaching method, rank upon admission to medical school, score on the Epidemiology and Biostatistics course, and teaching method (team-based learning versus group discussions). CONCLUSIONS: Team-based learning and group discussions were equally effective instructional strategies to teach critical appraisal to large classes of undergraduate medical students. Replication of our findings is needed in other educational settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15430424 , retrospectively registered on December 30, 2021.

Patient Satisfaction with Absorbable Anchoring Facial Threads.

This study aimed to evaluate satisfaction in terms of facial appearance, quality of life, and adverse effects in patients undergoing the facial thread lifting procedure using the absorbable facial threads anchored on the superficial and deep temporal fascias. The charts of patients for whom facial anchored thread lifting was performed using absorbable threads between February 2017 and September 2019 were reviewed. Demographic data including age and gender as well as data from the Face-Q scales were collected. Descriptive analysis was made for the adverse effects 1 week after the procedure. The mean value of adverse effects scales was compared 1 and 2 weeks after the procedure and also the mean values of facial appearance and quality-of-life scales were compared at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedure. All recruited subjects were females with a mean age of 43.42 years. There was a statistically significant decrease in the rate of adverse effects following the procedure between the first and second week. The mean difference in patients' perceived age 6 and 12 months after the procedure was statistically significant when compared with baseline. The psychological distress significantly decreased and the psychological function improved 6 and 12 months after the procedure. The overall satisfaction with facial appearance increased significantly after 6 months with a mean of 20.08. This was maintained at 12 months. The satisfaction in skin appearance, cheeks, nasolabial folds, marionettes, lower face, and jawline appearances improved significantly 6 months after the procedure. This was also maintained at 12 months. Face lifting using the polycaprolactone threads anchored on the temporalis fascia showed a significant improvement in the quality of life and facial appearance. The adverse effects are tolerable starting 2 weeks after the procedure.

Examining Burnout, Depression, and Attitudes Regarding Drug Use Among Lebanese Medical Students During the 4 Years of Medical School.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of burnout, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms and attitudes toward substance use in medical students as well as their evolution during the 4 years of medical school. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) between September and December 2016. In total, 176 out of 412 eligible medical students responded. The survey was anonymous and administered via e-mail link to an electronic form. The study included general socio-demographic questions and standardized validated tools to measure depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9), burnout (Burnout Measure), anxiety (GAD-7), alcohol use (AUDIT), and substance abuse (DAST-10) as well as questions pertaining to attitudes toward recreational substance use. RESULTS: Overall, 23.8% of medical students reported depressive symptomatology, with 14.5% having suicidal ideations. Forty-three percent were found to have burnout. Those who screened positive for burnout were more likely to be males, to be living away from their parents, and to have experienced a stressful life event during the last year. With the exception of burnout, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of depression or anxiety among the 4 years of medical school. There was a significant difference in alcohol use, illicit substance use, and marijuana use during the four medical school years. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show high rates of depression, burnout, and suicidal ideation among medical students from the Middle East region. Increased rates of substance use were detected as well as a more tolerant attitude toward substance use in general, specifically cannabis. It is crucial that medical educators and policymakers keep tackling the complex multifactorial mental health issues affecting medical students and design effective solutions and support systems.

The third generation barbed lifting threads: Added value of hyaluronic acid.

INTRODUCTION: Facial thread lifting is a highly demanded procedure in esthetic clinics worldwide. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and overall patients' satisfaction of a new generation of barbed threads, in which a hyaluronic acid (HA) coat was added to the PLLA/PCL threads and compare the results with PLLA/PCL threads without HA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients treated with the PLLA/PCL threads with or without hyaluronic acid (HA) were compared for FaceQ scales: Age appraisal, psychological function, skin satisfaction, satisfaction with facial appearance, appraisal lines of nasolabial folds, satisfaction of lower face, and jaw were compared at baseline, 4 and 12 months post-treatment. Early impact on life and the skin adverse effects were assessed 1 week post-treatment. Finally, patients and two physicians provided the GAIS score at 4 and 12 months and a comparison was made between the two groups. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in all scales of FaceQ for all included patients at baseline and at 4 and 12 months post-treatment. Importantly, there were less skin-related adverse effects such as skin redness, uneven tone, irregular surface, burning, and itching sensation at a recovery period (1 week post-treatment) in the group receiving HA-containing threads. CONCLUSION: A notably higher long-term improvement in aging appearance, satisfaction with face appearance, lower jaw and face as well as GAIS was seen in the group treated with HA-containing threads compared to the other treatment arm.

Current Status and Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Gulf Region: Survey Results and Expert Opinion.

Studies on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the Gulf region are scarce, consisting of a survey and expert meeting that included 15 experts in 2023 which discussed CML diagnosis, testing, treatment objectives, toxicities, and discontinuation in the Gulf region. Most patients were reported to be in first-line therapy, and the most common treatments were imatinib/imatinib generic in first-line and dasatinib in second- and third-lines. Mutation analysis was not reported to be routinely performed at the time of diagnosis but rather in case of progression to accelerated/blast phase or any sign of loss of response. While all participants were aware that BCR-ABL should be monitored every three months during the first year of treatment, 10% reported monitoring BCR-ABL every six months in practice due to test cost and lab capability. The most important first-line therapy objective was "achievement of major molecular response" (MMR) in younger patients and "overall survival" in older ones. The most important treatment objectives were "MMR" and "early molecular response followed by prolongation of overall survival" in the short term and "treatment-free remission" in the long term. The current practices in CML in the Gulf region appear to be similar to global figures.

Factors That Determine the Perceived Effectiveness of Peer Feedback in Collaborative Learning: a Mixed Methods Design.

INTRODUCTION: Peer assessment has been promoted as a valuable approach to formative assessment to support learning and peer professionalism. This mixed methods study employed a conceptual framework to explore the factors that enhance the perceived effectiveness of formative peer assessment in the context of team-based learning as a form of collaborative learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The volume and quality of written peer comments of two medical school classes at three time points were analyzed. Focus groups were then conducted to clarify issues that appeared in the quantitative data and to explore other emerging dimensions. RESULTS: There was a notable deficiency in both the volume and quality of the comments provided, with no improvement over time. Several factors were identified, including some that are logistical and operational and can be corrected easily, such as the timing of the assignments. Others that stood out as major substantive issues and/or limitations related to the students' conceptions of the purpose of the peer assessment and to their interpersonal variables. DISCUSSION: There were social disincentives for students to provide constructive feedback to peers with whom a continuing working relationship is necessary. There was also an inconsistency between the quality of the peer feedback being typically shallow and lacking in substance, and students considering it beneficial. CONCLUSION: The findings identify factors that need to be addressed in order to ensure the quality and effectiveness of formative peer assessment among medical students.

Assessing the impact of professional lactation support frequency, duration and delivery form on exclusive breastfeeding in Lebanese mothers.

BACKGROUND: The optimal frequency, duration, and form of professional lactation support needed to continue exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for six months have not yet been specifically identified. This study investigates the association between six-month EBF and the frequency, duration, and form (face-to-face vs. telephone contact) of professional lactation support in a cohort of Lebanese mothers, and explores barriers to EBF during the first six months postpartum. METHODS: An observational study was nested in a breastfeeding support randomized controlled trial. Secondary analysis of data from 159 trial participants who received professional lactation support was conducted. (1) Six-month EBF with professional lactation support frequency, duration, and form was investigated using bivariate and multivariate regression analyses. (2) Barriers to breastfeeding were explored using content analysis of narrative data collected about breastfeeding mothers by the lactation experts. RESULTS: Six-month EBF was achieved by 57/159 (35.8%) participants. Professional lactation support was received by more mothers continuing six months of EBF (100% vs. 83.3%, p = 0.001). In crude analysis, those mothers had a higher number of overall contacts with lactation experts (mean ± SD of 9.5 ± 2.9 vs. 7.0 ± 4.4, p = 0.001), and longer duration of face-to-face contacts (mean ± SD of 261.9 ± 209.1 vs. 201.0 ± 117.4 minutes, p = 0.035). In adjusted analysis, frequencies of overall and of telephone contacts with the lactation experts were positively associated with six-month EBF (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.27, p = 0.007; OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.26, p = 0.05; respectively). Participants discontinuing EBF early were described as inexperienced, lacking breastfeeding knowledge, concerned about milk insufficiency, and showing negative attitudes towards night feeds. CONCLUSION: Need-based telephone contact augmenting face-to-face professional lactation support may positively influence six-month EBF. Early identification of mothers at risk for early discontinuation of EBF can help tailor interventions specific to their concerns.

The Effect of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine Versus Morphine on Postoperative Morphine Requirements After Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is an α2 receptor agonist with sedative and analgesic properties. During bariatric surgery, its use may reduce postoperative opioid requirements, reduce their side effects, and improve quality of recovery. The aim of this prospective randomized controlled trial was to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine bolus and infusion versus morphine bolus given prior to the end of laparoscopic bariatric surgery. METHODS: Sixty morbidly obese patients (BMI > 40 kg m-2) aged 18 to 60 years, undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, received morphine sulfate (bolus 0.08 mg kg-1 followed by a saline infusion) (group M, n = 30) or dexmedetomidine (loading dose of 1 µg kg-1 followed by 0.5 µg kg-1 h-1) (group D, n = 30) 30 min before the end of surgery. Data collected included morphine consumption in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) (primary outcome) and at 24 h, pain intensity, nausea, heart rate, blood pressure, vomiting, sedation, and quality of recovery. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in morphine consumption in the PACU (group D 12.2 ± 5.44 mg, group M 13.28 ± 6.64 mg, P = 0.54) or at 24 h (group D 40.67 ± 24.78 mg, group M 43.28 ± 27.79 mg, P = 0.75); when accounting for intraoperative morphine given group M had significantly higher morphine consumption when compared to group D (23.48 ± 6.22 mg vs. 12.22 ± 5.54 mg, respectively, P < 0.01). Group D patients had more cardiovascular stability. CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine given prior to end of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy provides the same level of postoperative analgesia as morphine with better hemodynamic profile.