Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 37
Filtrar
Mais filtros

Base de dados
País/Região como assunto
Tipo de documento
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Eur J Clin Invest ; 54(8): e14213, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38616505

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gallstone disease (GD) is common but remains asymptomatic in most cases. However, gallstones can lead to complications like choledocholithiasis or gallbladder cancer. In this study, we analyse the common genetic risk factor for GD, the p.D19H variant in the sterol transporter ABCG8, in Polish patients with gallstones and gallbladder cancer. METHODS: Three adult cohorts were prospectively recruited: 65 patients with gallbladder cancer, 170 obese individuals scheduled for bariatric surgery and 72 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography due to recurrent choledocholithiasis. The control cohort consisted of 172 gallstone-free adults. The ABCG8 p.D19H (rs11887534) polymorphism was genotyped using TaqMan assays. RESULTS: The minor allele frequency (MAF) of the ABCG8 p.D19H polymorphism was significantly (p = .02) higher among cases with either gallstones or gallbladder cancer (MAF = 8.4%) as compared to controls (MAF = 4.0%). The highest frequency of the risk allele was detected in patients with gallbladder cancer (18.5%) and obese patients with GD (17.5%), followed by individuals with choledocholithiasis (13.9%). Notably, the p.19H variant was associated with an increased risk of developing gallbladder cancer (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.16-6.54, p = .01) and an increased risk of GD in obese individuals scheduled for bariatric surgery (OR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.05-6.49, p = .03), but did not significantly affect the risk of choledocholithiasis. CONCLUSIONS: The ABCG8 p.D19H common risk variant increases the risk of developing gallbladder cancer in Central Europeans and enhances the risk of gallstones in the obese. Carriers of the p.D19H variant might benefit from personalized preventive strategies, particularly regarding gallbladder cancer.


Assuntos
Membro 8 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Cálculos Biliares , Obesidade , Humanos , Masculino , Membro 8 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cálculos Biliares/genética , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/complicações , Polônia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/genética , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Idoso , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Estudos Prospectivos , Frequência do Gene , Fatores de Risco , Polimorfismo Genético
2.
J Endovasc Ther ; 30(2): 289-295, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35249413

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms (sAAA) are considered surgically urgent. Recent data suggest delaying surgery allows for medical optimization without affecting outcomes. We investigated the association of the hospital day of surgery with 30 day outcomes. METHODS: Patients with infrarenal sAAA undergoing endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) between 2011 and 2018 in the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Project database were included. The primary outcome was 30 day mortality. Additional outcomes included myocardial infarction, pulmonary complications, length of stay, and discharge disposition. Days-to-surgery were classified as the day of presentation (D0), day 1, day 2, days 3 and 4, days 5 to 7 (D5), and day 8 or more (D8). RESULTS: A total of 804 patients were identified. D8 patients had higher proportions of dyspnea on exertion, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and history of dialysis. D0 surgery appeared protective of mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.34, p=0.0132). Each additional day increased the mortality risk (OR 1.23, p<0.001) although not within the first 4 days. There was increased mortality for patients having surgery at D5 (7.7%) and D8 (23.8%) compared with repair earlier (1%-4%, p=0.03). Bivariable analysis revealed no significant differences in secondary outcomes. Multivariable modeling revealed increased mortality for D8 versus D0 (adjusted OR of 6.8, 95% confidence interval 1.7-26.5). CONCLUSIONS: While D0 appears to have the lowest risk of mortality, EVAR for sAAA up to 4 days may not be associated with increased mortality. Further research should determine delay etiologies and whether they improve operative planning and optimization without impacting morbidity and mortality.


Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/complicações , Hospitais , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco
3.
Vascular ; 31(2): 387-391, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34994670

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have demonstrated that low contrast volume used in access-related interventions had limited effects on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after fistulography, but studies are limited and heterogeneous. We sought to evaluate the rate of and factors associated with progression to dialysis (HD) within 1 month after fistulography for patients with advanced CKD. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective cohort analysis of patients with CKD stage IV and V, not yet on HD, undergoing fistulography from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018 was performed. The primary outcome was progression to HD within 1 month. Additional variables and the association with the primary outcome such as medical comorbidities, contrast type or volume were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 34 patients underwent 41 fistulograms prior to HD initiation. Progression to HD within 1 month of fistulogram occurred in seven patients (all CKD V). The mean time between fistulogram and HD was 271 days for 31 of 34 patients who ultimately progressed to HD. Those with CKD IV began HD in 549 days on average, while those with CKD V began HD in 190 days on average. Three patients had not initiated HD at a mean of 539 days of follow-up. The only factors associated with progression to HD within 1 month included use of isovue (p = .005) and elevated contrast volume, with a mean of 40 mL (p = .027). CONCLUSION: Although none of the patients with CKD IV required HD within 1 month after fistulogram, the use of larger iodinated contrast volume was associated with progression to HD within 1 month of fistulography for patients with CKD V. Further studies should investigate the safety of iodinated and alternative (e.g., carbon dioxide) contrast media in fistulography or duplex-based HD access procedures for CKD patients, especially CKD V, not yet on HD.


Assuntos
Falência Renal Crônica , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Diálise Renal/métodos , Angiografia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Falência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia
4.
Z Gastroenterol ; 57(8): 960-970, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31398767

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Recently, there has been a significant change in the management of iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforation from surgery towards primary endoscopic therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All perforations occurring in all consecutive endoscopies from 1/1/2014 to 12/31/2017 in our hospital (Klinikum St. Marien Amberg, Germany) were recorded, evaluated and followed up prospectively. In-house SOPs were designed and communicated with all physicians within our hospital. Endoscopic closure of the perforation was primarily attempted, always in consent with the abdominal surgeon. RESULTS: In total, we observed 24 perforations in 18 627 consecutive endoscopies (0.13 %). There were also 24 cases of free extraluminal gas without perforation (12 post-polypectomy-syndromes und 12 post-ERCP with papillotomy). Diagnosis of perforation could be established within 12 hours in 95.8 % (23/24) (in 20 cases during endoscopy). Initial therapeutic approach was surgical in 3 cases, conservative in 3 cases and interventional-endoscopic closure of perforation in 17 cases (4â€Š× Clips, 10â€Š× OTSC, 3â€Š× SEMS). In 1 case, no therapy was performed. Mortality was 4.2 % (1/24). In 3 cases, the patient had to be operated on secondary to endoscopic therapy. In summary, surgical therapy was necessary in 6 of 24 cases (25 %). Interventional-endoscopic therapy was successful technically in 94.1 % (16/17) and clinically in 87.5 % (14/16). DISCUSSION: Primary interventional-endoscopic closure of iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforation is a safe and successful option in the everyday practice of a secondary referral hospital. The most important factor is prevention of delay until closure of perforation. Also, interdisciplinary consensus between endoscopist and surgeon is essential. Based on our own data, we developed and introduced a system for documentation and management of all endoscopic complications in endoscopy called "KEMS", which could be successfully integrated in our IT-system.


Assuntos
Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Doença Iatrogênica , Perfuração Intestinal , Alemanha , Humanos , Centros de Cuidados de Saúde Secundários
5.
Int J Colorectal Dis ; 33(4): 423-430, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29411119

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and in particular nonaspirin NSAIDs and compare it with other risk factors for the progression of diverticulosis to diverticulitis in patients who underwent colonoscopy. METHODS: A total of 194 patients who underwent complete colonoscopy in our center between 2012 and 2016 were recruited: 144 with diverticulosis without prior diverticulitis (median age 71 years, 59.7% men) and 50 with diverticulitis (median age 64 years, 54.0% men). Data concerning current and previous medication as well as concomitant diseases were collected using a structured questionnaire and by revision of patients medical charts. RESULTS: Patients with diverticulitis were significantly (p < 0.001) younger as compared to individuals with plain diverticulosis (median age 64 versus 71 years, respectively). The intake of NSAIDs significantly (p = 0.002) increased the risk of prior diverticulitis (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5-6.9). In the multivariate model, both age (p < 0.001) and NSAIDs (p = 0.03) proved to be independent determinants of diverticulitis. When analyzing aspirin intake, it was not associated with diverticulitis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates, in line with previous reports, that intake of NSAIDs is associated with diverticulitis. We show in particular that nonaspirin NSAIDs might be selectively associated with diverticulitis. These results point to divergent role of aspirin and nonaspirin NSAIDs in the development of diverticulitis.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Diverticulite/induzido quimicamente , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade , Divertículo/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco
6.
Cancer Immunol Immunother ; 63(4): 321-33, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24384835

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have shown that dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines can induce antitumor immunity. Previously, we reported that gemcitabine enhances the efficacy of DC vaccination in a mouse model of pancreatic carcinoma. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of gemcitabine on vaccine-induced anti-tumoral immune responses in a syngeneic pancreatic cancer model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subcutaneous or orthotopic pancreatic tumors were induced in C57BL/6 mice using Panc02 cells expressing the model antigen OVA. Bone marrow-derived DC were loaded with soluble OVA protein (OVA-DC). Animals received gemcitabine twice weekly. OVA-specific CD8(+) T-cells and antibody titers were monitored by FACS analysis and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: Gemcitabine enhanced clinical efficacy of the OVA-DC vaccine. Interestingly, gemcitabine significantly suppressed the vaccine-induced frequency of antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cells and antibody titers. DC migration to draining lymph nodes and antigen cross-presentation were unaffected. Despite reduced numbers of tumor-reactive T-cells in peripheral blood, in vivo cytotoxicity assays revealed that cytotoxic T-cell (CTL)-mediated killing was preserved. In vitro assays revealed sensitization of tumor cells to CTL-mediated lysis by gemcitabine. In addition, gemcitabine facilitated recruitment of CD8(+) T-cells into tumors in DC-vaccinated mice. T- and B-cell suppression by gemcitabine could be avoided by starting chemotherapy after two cycles of DC vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Gemcitabine enhances therapeutic efficacy of DC vaccination despite its negative influence on vaccine-induced T-cell proliferation. Quantitative analysis of tumor-reactive T-cells in peripheral blood may thus not predict vaccination success in the setting of concomitant chemotherapy.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/imunologia , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/imunologia , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Terapia Combinada , Desoxicitidina/farmacologia , Desoxicitidina/uso terapêutico , Desoxicitidina/toxicidade , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Humoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Evasão Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Gencitabina
7.
Dig Dis Sci ; 59(8): 1733-42, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24591016

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Recently, we identified neutralizing autoantibodies against progranulin (PGRN) in a wide spectrum of rheumatic diseases including cases with enteropathic spondylarthritis. PGRN is a secreted protein with strong anti-inflammatory effects, believed to be mediated by the direct inhibition of TNF receptors 1&2. Given the central role of TNF-α as proinflammatory cytokine, a neutralizing antibody directed against its physiologic antagonist PGRN might entertain a proinflammatory environment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible occurrence of PGRN-antibodies (PGRN-Abs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and to investigate a possible pathogenic effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera samples of 141 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and of 71 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were tested for PGRN-Abs by ELISA. PGRN plasma levels were detected by ELISA. Proinflammatory effects of progranulin-antibodies were analyzed by TNF-α-mediated cytotoxicity assays using HT29 cells and by examination of possible effects of PGRN and of PGRN-antibodies on TNF-α-induced downmodulation of FOXP3 expression in CD4(+)CD25(hi) Tregs. RESULTS: PGRN-Abs were found in sera of 23/141 (16.31%) patients with CD, and 15/71 (21.13%) patients with UC. PGRN-Abs were more frequent than anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs) in UC, but less frequent than anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCAs) in CD. PGRN-Abs belonged mostly to IgG1 (71.1%) and IgA (26.3%). They occurred in relevant titres and had significant neutralizing effects on PGRN plasma levels. Cytotoxicity assays comparing PGRN-antibody-positive sera with negative sera from matched patients with IBD showed a proinflammatory effect of PGRN-Abs on HT29 cells. Moreover, PGRN-antibodies led to an increase of TNF-α-induced downmodulation of FOXP3 in CD4(+)CD25(hi) Tregs. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that PGRN-Abs occur frequently in CD and UC, and have a proinflammatory effect.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Doença de Crohn/imunologia , Doença de Crohn/patologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/biossíntese , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Feminino , Células HEK293 , Células HT29 , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Progranulinas , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem
8.
J Immunol ; 187(1): 55-63, 2011 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21613613

RESUMO

Cancer vaccines aim to induce CTL responses against tumors. Challenges for vaccine design are targeting Ag to dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo, facilitating cross-presentation, and conditioning the microenvironment for Th1 type immune responses. In this study, we report that ISCOM vaccines, which consist of ISCOMATRIX adjuvant and protein Ag, meet these challenges. Subcutaneous injection of an ISCOM vaccine in mice led to a substantial influx and activation of innate and adaptive immune effector cells in vaccine site-draining lymph nodes (VDLNs) as well as IFN-γ production by NK and NKT cells. Moreover, an ISCOM vaccine containing the model Ag OVA (OVA/ISCOM vaccine) was efficiently taken up by CD8α(+) DCs in VDLNs and induced their maturation and IL-12 production. Adoptive transfer of transgenic OT-I T cells revealed highly efficient cross-presentation of the OVA/ISCOM vaccine in vivo, whereas cross-presentation of soluble OVA was poor even at a 100-fold higher concentration. Cross-presenting activity was restricted to CD8α(+) DCs in VDLNs, whereas Langerin(+) DCs and CD8α(-) DCs were dispensable. Remarkably, compared with other adjuvant systems, the OVA/ISCOM vaccine induced a high frequency of OVA-specific CTLs capable of tumor cell killing in different tumor models. Thus, ISCOM vaccines combine potent immune activation with Ag delivery to CD8α(+) DCs in vivo for efficient induction of CTL responses.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Colesterol/administração & dosagem , Apresentação Cruzada/imunologia , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade/métodos , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Ovalbumina/administração & dosagem , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Fosfolipídeos/administração & dosagem , Saponinas/administração & dosagem , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Vacinas Anticâncer/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Colesterol/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Técnicas de Introdução de Genes , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/patologia , Linfonodos/imunologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Melanoma Experimental/imunologia , Melanoma Experimental/patologia , Melanoma Experimental/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Células T Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Células T Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Células T Matadoras Naturais/patologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Fosfolipídeos/imunologia , Quillaja/imunologia , Saponinas/imunologia
9.
J Gastrointest Cancer ; 53(1): 170-178, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33404986

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a known risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). This study seeks to examine education, income, and occupation variables separately to identify the single variable that can be best used to assess SES risk for GC. METHODS: Data from a case-control survey study were used. Logistic regression models were created for education, income, and occupation adjusted for age, sex, and race. Models were compared using AIC, c-statistics, and pseudo-R square to determine the model that had the highest risk predictive ability. RESULTS: GC cases had lower education levels and more commonly held jobs in unskilled labor. Annual household income was lower in cases compared to controls. Age, gender, race, education, and occupation were associated with increased risk of GC. The education model adjusted for age, gender, and race found < high school (HS) education to have an OR of 3.18 (95% CI 1.09-9.25) for GC compared to > HS education. The occupation model demonstrated that employment in unskilled labor had OR of 4.32 (95% CI 1.05-17.76) for GC compared to professional occupation. Model fit was best for the education model (AIC: 113.583, lower AIC is better) compared to income (117.562) or occupation (117.032). Education contributed the most to model variability (% delta pseudo-R square (4.7%)) compared to occupation (4.0%) or income (3.8%). CONCLUSION: Education level was the single most reliable measure of GC risk among 3 SES variables and can be employed as an ideal single indicator of SES-related GC risk when multiple SES factors cannot be obtained.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Renda , Fatores de Risco , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia
10.
Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol ; 46(3): 101800, 2022 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34517148

RESUMO

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by increased serum bile acid levels in the third trimester of pregnancy and resolves quickly after delivery. Here, we present the case of a 29-year-old woman who developed idiopathic liver damage during puberty, and subsequently ICP and severe pruritus during two pregnancies. DNA sequencing revealed a heterozygous deletion (c.393_delG) in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGRF4) gene causing a premature stop codon. The resulting FGFR4 haploinsufficiency is likely to impede the enterohepatic feedback repression of hepatic bile acid synthesis via FXR and FGF19. It represents a new genetic etiology of ICP.


Assuntos
Colestase Intra-Hepática , Complicações na Gravidez , Adulto , Ácidos e Sais Biliares , Colestase Intra-Hepática/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/genética , Receptor Tipo 4 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos
11.
Zoonoses Public Health ; 69(2): 106-116, 2022 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34780120

RESUMO

In November 2018, a tularaemia outbreak occurred in Bavaria, Germany, among participants of a hare hunt and butchery employees handling the hares. We conducted an epidemiological outbreak investigation, including a retrospective cohort study among hunting participants, to identify likely transmission routes and activities associated with infection. Twelve of 41 participants were antibody-positive for Francisella (F.) tularensis (attack rate: 29%). Cases reported influenza-like symptoms (n = 11), lymphadenopathy (n = 1) and conjunctivitis (n = 1). Infection only occurred in those hunting participants present while hares were processed, while risk of infection was highest when directly involved (RR = 10.0; 95%CI: 2.6-392). F. tularensis was isolated from 1/4 hares. Only two individuals reported using some of the recommended personal protective equipment (PPE). Occurrence of mainly non-specific symptoms, likely due to early treatment, was not indicative of a specific transmission route. Transmissions via direct (skin/mucosa) contact and by inhalation of contaminated aerosols seem plausible. Promoting and increasing appropriate use of PPE among people processing hares is crucial to prevent future outbreaks.


Assuntos
Francisella tularensis , Lebres , Tularemia , Animais , Surtos de Doenças , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tularemia/epidemiologia , Tularemia/veterinária
12.
Int J Cancer ; 128(4): 897-907, 2011 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20473889

RESUMO

Vaccines based on immune stimulatory complexes (ISCOM) induce T-cell responses against tumor antigen (Ag). However, immune responses are impaired in pancreatic cancer patients. We investigated the efficacy of an ISCOM vaccine in a murine pancreatic carcinoma model. Panc02 cells expressing OVA as a model Ag were induced subcutaneously or orthotopically in the pancreas of C57BL/6 mice. Treatment consisted of an OVA containing ISCOM vaccine, either used alone or in combination with the TLR9 agonist CpG. The ISCOM vaccine effectively induced Ag-specific CTL capable of killing tumor cells. However, in mice with established tumors CTL induction by the vaccine was inefficient and did not affect tumor growth. Lack of efficacy correlated with increased numbers of Treg. Depletion of Treg with anti-CD25 mAb restored CTL induction and prolonged survival. Adding low-dose CpG to the ISCOM vaccine reduced Treg numbers, enhanced CTL responses and induced regression of pancreatic tumors in a CD8(+) T cell-dependent manner. Mice cured from the primary tumor mounted a memory T-cell response against wild-type Panc02 tumors, indicative of epitope spreading. Combining ISCOM vaccines with TLR agonists is a promising strategy for breaking tumor immune evasion and deserves further evaluation for the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma.


Assuntos
Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Imunoterapia , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Receptor Toll-Like 9/agonistas , Adenocarcinoma/imunologia , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/prevenção & controle , Animais , Complexo Antígeno-Anticorpo/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Evasão da Resposta Imune , Imunização , Metástase Linfática , Ativação Linfocitária , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Ovalbumina/genética , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/prevenção & controle , Taxa de Sobrevida , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas
13.
Cancer Immunol Immunother ; 60(8): 1097-107, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21547597

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination can induce antitumor T cell responses in vivo. This clinical pilot study examined feasibility and outcome of DC-based tumor vaccination for patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Tumor lysate of patients with pancreatic carcinoma was generated by repeated freeze-thaw cycles of surgically obtained tissue specimens. Patients were eligible for DC vaccination after recurrence of pancreatic carcinoma or in a primarily palliative situation. DC were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), loaded with autologous tumor lysate, stimulated with TNF-α and PGE(2) and injected intradermally. All patients received concomitant chemotherapy with gemcitabine. Disease response was the primary endpoint. Individual immunological responses to DC vaccination were analyzed by T cell-based immunoassays using pre- and post-vaccination samples of non-adherent PBMC. RESULTS: Twelve patients received DC vaccination and concomitant chemotherapy. One patient developed a partial remission, and two patients remained in stable disease. Median survival was 10.5 months. No severe side effects were observed. Tumor-reactive T cells could be detected prior to vaccination. DC vaccination increased the frequency of tumor-reactive cells in all patients tested; however, the degree of this increase varied. To quantify the presence of tumor-reactive T cells, stimulatory indices (SI) were calculated as the ratio of proliferation-inducing capacity of lysate-loaded versus -unloaded DC. The patient with longest overall survival of 56 months had a high SI of 6.49, indicating that the presence of a pre-vaccination antitumor T cell response might be associated with prolonged survival. Five patients survived 1 year or more. CONCLUSION: DC-based vaccination can stimulate an antitumoral T cell response in patients with advanced or recurrent pancreatic carcinoma receiving concomitant gemcitabine treatment.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Vacinas Anticâncer , Carcinoma/terapia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Apresentação de Antígeno , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Carcinoma/imunologia , Carcinoma/patologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/patologia , Células Dendríticas/transplante , Dinoprostona/imunologia , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/imunologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Projetos Piloto , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
14.
Gut ; 59(9): 1192-9, 2010 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20442201

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-18 are central players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In response to a variety of microbial components and crystalline substances, both cytokines are processed via the caspase-1-activating multiprotein complex, the NLRP3 inflammasome. Here, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was examined. METHODS: IL-1beta production in response to DSS was studied in macrophages of wild-type, caspase-1(-/-), NLRP3(-/-), ASC(-/-), cathepsin B(-/-) or cathepsin L(-/-) mice. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 and NLRP3(-/-) mice by oral DSS administration. A clinical disease activity score was evaluated daily. Histological colitis severity and expression of cytokines were determined in colonic tissue. RESULTS: Macrophages incubated with DSS in vitro secreted high levels of IL-1beta in a caspase-1-dependent manner. IL-1beta secretion was abrogated in macrophages lacking NLRP3, ASC or caspase-1, indicating that DSS activates caspase-1 via the NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, IL-1beta secretion was dependent on phagocytosis, lysosomal maturation, cathepsin B and L, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). After oral administration of DSS, NLRP3(-/-) mice developed a less severe colitis than wild-type mice and produced lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase-1 with pralnacasan achieved a level of mucosal protection comparable with NLRP3 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: The NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as a critical mechanism of intestinal inflammation in the DSS colitis model. The NLRP3 inflammasome may serve as a potential target for the development of novel therapeutics for patients with IBD.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte/fisiologia , Colite/fisiopatologia , Animais , Caspase 1/fisiologia , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextrana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/metabolismo , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/fisiopatologia , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Lisossomos/fisiologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia
15.
Microorganisms ; 8(11)2020 Oct 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33114188

RESUMO

In November 2018, an outbreak of tularemia occurred among hare hunters in Bavaria, Germany. At least one infected hare was confirmed as the source of infection. A number of hunting dogs showed elevated antibody titers to Francisella tularensis, but the absence of titer increases in subsequent samples did not point to acute infections in dogs. Altogether, 12 persons associated with this hare hunt could be diagnosed with acute tularemia by detection of specific antibodies. In nine patients, the antibody and cytokine responses could be monitored over time. Eight out of these nine patients had developed detectable antibodies three weeks after exposure; in one individual the antibody response was delayed. All patients showed an increase in various cytokines and chemokines with a peak for most mediators in the first week after exposure. Cytokine levels showed individual variations, with high and low responders. The kinetics of seroconversion has implications on serological diagnoses of tularemia.

16.
Int J Surg Case Rep ; 63: 89-93, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31574456

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Midgut malrotation results from abnormalities in the 270-degree counterclockwise rotation of the midgut around the axis of the superior mesenteric artery during embryological development, and classically presents early in life with symptoms of intestinal obstruction. Nevertheless, adult cases have occasionally been reported. PRESENTATION OF CASE: An 80-year-old female with no surgical history was brought to our emergency department for acutely altered mental status. On exam, her abdomen was distended and diffusely tender to palpation. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed a dilated loop of jejunum with evidence of mesenteric twist concerning for closed-loop small bowel obstruction. The patient was taken for exploratory laparotomy and was found to have Ladd bands and other findings suggestive of intestinal malrotation. A Ladd procedure was performed and the patient remained under observation. She experienced intermittent abdominal distension and bilious nasogastric tube output, but subsequent CT scans revealed no evidence of obstruction. She was discharged following clinical improvement and ability to tolerate a diet. DISCUSSION: Malrotation of the small bowel exists on a spectrum depending on the embryologic stage during which anomalous rotation occurs. Classic findings on CT imaging (including abnormal mesenteric vasculature, right-sided duodenojejunal junction, whirlpool signs, and left-sided ascending colon) can provide clues to the existence of malrotation. CONCLUSION: Although malrotation is rare in adults, clinical and radiologic findings play an important role in the correct diagnosis of adult malrotation for appropriate and timely intervention.

17.
J Immunol Methods ; 337(2): 97-105, 2008 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18657542

RESUMO

Phenotypical maturation, IL-12p70 production and migration upon chemokine receptor CCR7 ligation are currently proposed as requirements for the use of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) in antitumoral vaccination. We have previously described a short-term protocol for DC generation from monocytes including stimulation with TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and PGE(2) (FastDC). These "conventional" FastDC are mature, migrate in response to CCR7 ligation and effectively stimulate autologeous T cells in vitro, but are deficient in IL-12p70 production. Here, conventional FastDC were compared to FastDC activated with different TLR ligands. High levels of IL-12p70 were induced by combined activation of FastDC with TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands. IL-12 secretion could be maximized by additional T cell-derived stimulation. However, TLR-stimulated FastDC failed to migrate upon CCR7 ligation, independent of additional activation with CD40 ligand and IFN-gamma. The presence of PGE(2) during TLR ligation fully restored migratory capacity of FastDC, but left IL-12p70 production and activation of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells unaffected, challenging previous findings obtained with standard 7-day monocyte-derived DC. The FastDC model thus not only represents an effective tool for antitumoral vaccination, but may also provide novel insights into human DC biology.


Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/fisiologia , Dinoprostona/farmacologia , Interleucina-12/biossíntese , Monócitos/citologia , Receptores Toll-Like/agonistas , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Movimento Celular , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Antígeno MART-1 , Proteínas de Neoplasias/imunologia , Receptores CCR7/fisiologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Receptores Toll-Like/fisiologia
18.
J Leukoc Biol ; 80(2): 278-86, 2006 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16769767

RESUMO

Dendritic cells (DC) generated in vitro have to be viable and phenotypically mature to be capable of inducing T cell-mediated immunity after in vivo administration. To facilitate optimization of DC-based vaccination protocols, we investigated whether the cytokine environment and the mode of activation affect maturation and survival of DC derived from monocytes by a short-term protocol. Monocytes cultured for 24 h with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 were stimulated with proinflammatory mediators for another 36 h to generate mature DC. Additional activation with CD40 ligand and interferon (IFN)-gamma increased viability of DC and promoted definitive maturation as defined by maintenance of a mature phenotype after withdrawal of cytokines. Addition of IFN-alpha to DC cultures prior to stimulation further enhanced definitive maturation: IFN-alpha-primed DC expressed high levels of costimulatory molecules and CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) up to 5 days after cytokine withdrawal. Compared with unprimed DC, IFN-alpha-primed DC displayed equal capacity to migrate upon CCR7 ligation and to prime antigen-specific T helper cell as well as cytolytic T cell responses. In conclusion, we show that optimal maturation and survival of monocyte-derived DC require multiple activation signals. Furthermore, we identified a novel role for IFN-alpha in DC development: IFN-alpha priming of monocytes promotes definitive maturation of DC upon activation.


Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/fisiologia , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/farmacologia , Interferon-alfa/farmacologia , Interferon-alfa/fisiologia , Interleucina-4/farmacologia , Monócitos/fisiologia , Ligante de CD40/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular , Movimento Celular , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Interleucina-12/sangue , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores CCR7 , Receptores de Quimiocinas/imunologia , Linfócitos T/fisiologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/fisiologia
19.
PLoS One ; 12(3): e0173506, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28301573

RESUMO

Latest data suggest that placental growth factor (PLGF), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and hepatic growth factor (HGF) are involved in hepatic fibrogenesis. Diagnostic performance of these markers for non-invasive liver fibrosis prediction was evaluated based on liver histology and stiffness. In total 834 patients were recruited. Receiver-operating-characteristics were used to define cut-offs for markers correlating to fibrosis stages. Odds-ratios were calculated for the presence/absence of fibrosis/cirrhosis and confirmed in the sub-group of patients phenotyped by elastography only. Logistic and uni- and multivariate regression analyses were used to test for association of markers with liver fibrosis stages and for independent prediction of liver histology and stiffness. Marker concentrations correlated significantly (P<0.001) with histology and stiffness. Cut-offs for liver fibrosis (≥F2) were PLGF = 20.20 pg/ml, GDF15 = 1582.76 pg/ml and HGF = 2598.00 pg/ml. Logistic regression confirmed an increase of ORs from 3.6 over 33.0 to 108.4 with incremental (1-3) markers positive for increased liver stiffness (≥12.8kPa; all P<0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed associations with advanced fibrosis for HCV (three markers positive: OR = 59.9, CI 23.4-153.4, P<0.001) and non-HCV patients (three markers positive: OR = 144, CI 59-3383, P<0.001). Overall, serum markers identified additional 50% of patients at risk for advanced fibrosis presenting with low elastography results. In conclusion, this novel combination of markers reflects the presence of significant liver fibrosis detected by elastography and histology and may also identify patients at risk presenting with low elastography values.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Hepatopatias/patologia , Doença Crônica , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Hepatopatias/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA