RESUMO
Researchers from Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States collaborated to validate their foot and mouth disease models--AusSpread, InterSpread Plus and the North American Animal Disease Spread Model--in an effort to build confidence in their use as decision-support tools. The final stage of this project involved using the three models to simulate a number of disease outbreak scenarios, with data from the Republic of Ireland. The scenarios included an uncontrolled epidemic, and epidemics managed by combinations of stamping out and vaccination. The predicted numbers of infected premises, the duration of each epidemic, and the size of predicted outbreak areas were compared. Relative within-model between-scenario changes resulting from different control strategies or resource constraints in different scenarios were quantified and compared. Although there were differences between the models in absolute outcomes, between-scenario comparisons within each model were similar. In all three models, early use of ring vaccination resulted in the largest drop in number of infected premises compared with the standard stamping-out regimen. This consistency implies that the assumptions made by each of the three modelling teams were appropriate, which in turn serves to increase end-user confidence in predictions made by these models.
Assuntos
Simulação por Computador/normas , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Febre Aftosa/epidemiologia , Gado , Modelos Biológicos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/normas , Criação de Animais Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Animais , Austrália , Canadá , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Febre Aftosa/transmissão , Cooperação Internacional , Irlanda/epidemiologia , Nova Zelândia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Estados UnidosRESUMO
A common feature of patients with cleidocranial dysostosis is delayed shedding of deciduous teeth and failure of eruption of the permanent dentition. This article describes a method whereby orthodontic forces may be applied to these unerupted permanent teeth to move them into a satisfactory functional and aesthetic position with good periodontal support whilst maintaining their vitality. This method of treatment avoids the need for overdentures or other prosthetic aids which have often been used in the past.
Assuntos
Displasia Cleidocraniana , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária , Dente não Erupcionado/cirurgia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Incisivo/cirurgia , Dente Decíduo/cirurgia , Dente Supranumerário/cirurgia , Dente não Erupcionado/terapiaRESUMO
Skeletal and dental changes were examined in 15 patients presenting with a Class III malocclusion treated by a sagittal split osteotomy. All patients received orthodontic treatment with Straightwire appliances both prior to and following surgery. These appliances were also used for fixation. The lower incisors were proclined by 8.4 degrees before surgery with little change in upper incisor inclination. With surgery, there was a mean reduction of 4.3 degrees in the angle SNB. Following surgery, the relapse in mandibular position was minimal and was not related to the dental changes during this period. Changes in the vertical skeletal parameters were generally small. The individual cases exhibited a wide variation in the changes.
Assuntos
Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle , Ortodontia Corretiva , Osteotomia , Adulto , Cefalometria , Feminino , Humanos , Registro da Relação Maxilomandibular , Masculino , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/fisiopatologia , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/cirurgia , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/terapia , Mandíbula/fisiopatologia , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Fios Ortodônticos , Ortodontia Corretiva/métodos , Osteotomia/métodos , Prognatismo/fisiopatologia , Prognatismo/cirurgia , Prognatismo/terapia , RecidivaRESUMO
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the relationship of overjet to periodontal status. Detailed examinations of occlusal and periodontal characteristics were completed on 914 12-year-old children. Plaque indices, bleeding indices, and anterior overjet were recorded for each incisor tooth. There was a significant association between mean plaque scores and the extremes of overjet measurement, suggesting that tooth cleaning is more difficult in these cases. Also, it was apparent that for right-handed children, the plaque and gingivitis scores were lower on the left side of the mouth.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/complicações , Gengivite/complicações , Incisivo , Má Oclusão/complicações , Criança , Placa Dentária/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gengival/diagnóstico , Gengivite/diagnóstico , Humanos , Incisivo/patologia , Má Oclusão/patologiaRESUMO
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the relationship between the receipt of orthodontic treatment and subsequent periodontal health. Data from 417 children who were classified at baseline as having significant occlusal variations and who were present at the follow-up examination 3 years later were selected from an original cohort of 1015. One hundred fourteen of these children received orthodontic treatment over this time period and provided two groups of children for comparison in this study. Plaque indices, bleeding indices, and degree of dental irregularity were recorded for each incisor and canine tooth. There were significant reductions in the plaque and gingivitis scores on all tooth surfaces between the baseline and 3-year examination in the two groups of children. The children who had received orthodontic treatment had the greater reduction, but this appeared to be more related to behavioral factors than to improved tooth alignment.