RESUMO
BACKGROUND: It has been established that first-degree relatives of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher CKD risk than the overall population. This paper deals with the relative frequency of CKD markers and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors within first-degree relatives of ESRD patients in Argentina. METHODS: 810 family members volunteered to participate; of them 668 over 18 ys. old. Trained nurses interviewed them and completed a questionnaire dealing with family history of renal and cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure, urine and blood analysis and anthropometric data were collected. Selected parameters were: smoking habit, presence of high blood pressure, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, high plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance estimated by MDRD formula, proteinuria and microalbuminuria. In pediatric population, weight and blood pressure parameters were evaluated as percentiles. CKD were classified in stage (National Kidney Foundation). RESULTS: The relative frequencies were: CKD: 29.6%; proteinuria: 13.9%; microalbuminuria: 8.7%. The prevalence values found for main CV risks factors, adjusted by sex and age, were: high blood pressure= 41.8%; overweight/obesity by BMI= 62.1%, hypercholesterolemia= 42.9% and hyperglycemia= 5.2%. Smoking habit was present in 34.8%. IN CONCLUSION: Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in first-degree relatives of ESRD patients is higher than previously communicated in studies of national reference populations. Prevalence of CKD is high, estimated as three-fold higher than for a general population as reported in poblational studies. These results support the fact that first-degree relatives of ESRD patients, as has been established elsewhere, constitute a population at high risk for developing ESRD.
Assuntos
Saúde da Família , Núcleo Familiar , Diálise Renal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Creatinina/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Proteinúria/urina , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversosRESUMO
En publicaciones previas se muestra que familiares con vínculo primario de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad que la población general. Objetivo: conocer la frecuencia relativa de marcadores de enfermedad renal crónica y factores de riesgo cardiovascular entre familiares con vínculo primario de pacientes en diálisis. Material y métodos: se estudiaron 810 voluntarios, 668 mayores de 18 años. Se les realizó una encuesta sobre antecedentes de enfermedad renal y cardiovascular. Se midieron presión arterial y datos antropométricos, y se tomaron muestras para análisis de orina y sangre. Los parámetros valorados en la población adulta fueron: hábito de fumar, presencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA), obesidad, diabetes, hipercolesterolemia, creatininemia y clearance de creatinina estimado por MDRD, proteinuria y microalbuminuria por tira reactiva con lectura digital. En población pediátrica se consideraron los percentilos para peso y presión arterial. Se clasificó a la población por estadios de enfermedad renal crónica según recomendación de la National Kidney Foundation. Resultados: Frecuencias relativas de ERC= 29.6%; proteinuria = 13.9% y microalbuminuria= 8.7%. Las frecuencias relativas, ajustadas por sexo y edad, fueron: de HTA 41.8%, sobrepeso/obesidad 62.1%, e hipercolesterolemia 42.9%, y de hiperglucemia 5.2%. El 34.8% de los encuestados eran fumadores. En conclusión: En población adulta la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad, hipertensión arterial e hipercolesterolemia entre familiares con vínculo primario de pacientes en TSR fue más elevada que las comunicadas en estudios poblaciones nacionales. La prevalencia de enfermedad renal crónica también fue elevada, estimándose en tres veces superior a la de la población general. Estos resultados apoyan el hecho que los familiares con vínculo primario de pacientes en diálisis constituyen una población de alto riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica.
Background: It has been established that first-degree relatives of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher CKD risk than the overall population. This paper deals with the relative frequency of CKD markers and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors within first-degree relatives of ESRD patients in Argentina. Methods: 810 family members volunteered to participate; of them 668 over 18 ys. old. Trained nurses interviewed them and completed a questionnaire dealing with family history of renal and cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure, urine and blood analysis and anthropometric data were collected. Selected parameters were: smoking habit, presence of high blood pressure, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, high plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance estimated by MDRD formula, proteinuria and microalbuminuria. In pediatric population, weight and blood pressure parameters were evaluated as percentiles. CKD were classified in stage (National Kidney Foundation). Results: The relative frequencies were: CKD: 29.6%; proteinuria: 13.9%; microalbuminuria: 8.7%. The prevalence values found for main CV risks factors, adjusted by sex and age, were: high blood pressure= 41.8%; overweight/obesity by BMI= 62.1%, hypercholesterolemia= 42.9% and hyperglycemia= 5.2%. Smoking habit was present in 34.8%. In conclusion: Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in first-degree relatives of ESRD patients is higher than previously communicated in studies of national reference populations. Prevalence of CKD is high, estimated as three-fold higher than for a general population as reported in poblational studies. These results support the fact that first-degree relatives of ESRD patients, as has been established elsewhere, constitute a population at high risk for developing ESRD.