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INTRODUCTION: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) poses a complex challenge and often leads to postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), a debilitating complication. The emergence of venous stents offers a potential preventive avenue against this complication. This study aimed to provide consensus recommendations on the use of venous stent for DVT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June to July 2023, 20 internal medicine, angiology and vascular surgery, and vascular and interventional radiology experts were involved in the Delphi process. Thirty-one recommendations, categorized into three thematic areas, were rigorously evaluated: indications for stent use, stent selection and placement, and monitoring and prevention of complications. Agreement was evaluated using a Likert scale, with consensus defined as agreement by two-thirds of the participants. RESULTS: Consensus was reached for 23 (74.2%) of 31 recommendations. The agreement was centered on considerations, such as stent placement in specific acute DVT scenarios, emphasizing pivotal stent characteristics. However, there were divergences in the recommended stent length to prevent migration and stent characteristics based on iliocaval bifurcation morphology. Notably, there was no consensus on whether patients with DVT caused by a major transient risk factor need more than 3 months of anticoagulation therapy or whether aspirin should be added to anticoagulant treatment after venous stenting. CONCLUSIONS: These consensus recommendations offer practical insights into optimizing venous stent use to prevent PTS in DVT patients. Addressing the critical aspects of stent selection, placement, and postprocedural care, these recommendations contribute to clinical decision-making. The identified divergences underscore the importance of consensus and thus indicate the need for further investigation.
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Extremidade Inferior , Stents , Trombose Venosa , Humanos , Stents/efeitos adversos , Trombose Venosa/prevenção & controle , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , ConsensoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) has been proposed as a potential biomarker for venous thromboembolism (VTE) diagnosis with interesting results. However, its role in predicting early mortality in pulmonary embolism (PE) remains unexplored. METHODS: This observational, prospective, single-center study enrolled consecutive patients aged 18 or older with confirmed acute symptomatic PE and no prior anticoagulation. The study aims to assess the prognostic capacity of sP-selectin measured at the time of PE diagnosis for short-term mortality and major bleeding. RESULTS: A total of 196 patients, with a mean age of 69.1 years (SD 17), were included, of whom 52.6% were male. Within 30 days, 9.7% of patients (n = 19) died, and 5.1% (n = 10) suffered major bleeding. PE risk stratification revealed 4.6% (n = 9) with high-risk PE, 34.7% (n = 68) with intermediate-high-risk PE, 38.3% (n = 75) with intermediate-low-risk PE, and 22.5% (n = 44) with low-risk PE according to the European Society of Cardiology score. Mean plasma sP-selectin levels were comparable between survivors and non-survivors (489.7 ng/mL ±63 vs. 497.3 ng/mL ±51; p = .9). The ROC curve for 30-day all-cause mortality and major bleeding yielded an AUC of 0.49 (95% CI 0.36-0.63) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.24-0.68), respectively. Multivariate and survival analyses were precluded due to lack of significance. CONCLUSIONS: sP-selectin was not useful for predicting short-term mortality or major bleeding in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Further studies are required to clarify the role of sP-selectin in VTE, particularly in prognosticating PE outcomes.
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Biomarcadores , Selectina-P , Embolia Pulmonar , Humanos , Embolia Pulmonar/sangue , Embolia Pulmonar/mortalidade , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Selectina-P/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Biomarcadores/sangue , Idoso , Estudos Prospectivos , Prognóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Curva ROC , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Aguda , Hemorragia/diagnóstico , Hemorragia/etiologia , Hemorragia/mortalidade , Hemorragia/sangueRESUMO
Patients with COVID-19 are at an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). With the advent of vaccinations and novel treatments from 2020 through 2022, the landscape of COVID-19 has evolved. Notably, the effects of such interventions on the outcomes of COVID-19-associated VTE have not been thoroughly examined. Data from the RIETE registry were analyzed to evaluate 90-day VTE-related outcomes (all-cause mortality, major bleeding, and VTE recurrences) in patients with COVID-19-associated VTE. We compared the periods before and after the widespread introduction of COVID-19 vaccines: March to December 2020 (pre-vaccine period) and March 2021 to December 2022 (post-vaccine period). Statistical analysis included mixed-effects parametric survival-time models. Among 1,620 patients with COVID-19-associated VTE, most (74.1%) were identified during 2020 period. The analysis revealed a more than two-fold increase in the risk of death within 90 days (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.27; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.18-4.38) and major bleeding (adjusted HR: 2.91; 95%CI: 1.08-7.84) for patients from the 2020 period compared to those from the 2021-2022 period. Inpatient subgroup analysis confirmed the observed mortality differences. The frequency of recurrent VTE was low (1.1 vs. 0.7%, respectively), and did not show significant variation between the two periods. Our research provides a comparative perspective on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19-associated VTE before and after the introduction of vaccines. Our findings reveal a significant decrease in the incidence of 90-day mortality and major bleeding in patients with COVID-19-associated VTE in the 2021-2022 period.
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Predictive tools for major bleeding (MB) using machine learning (ML) might be advantageous over traditional methods. We used data from the Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) to develop ML algorithms to identify patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) at increased risk of MB during the first 3 months of anticoagulation. A total of 55 baseline variables were used as predictors. New data prospectively collected from the RIETE were used for further validation. The RIETE and VTE-BLEED scores were used for comparisons. External validation was performed with the COMMAND-VTE database. Learning was carried out with data from 49 587 patients, of whom 873 (1.8%) had MB. The best performing ML method was XGBoost. In the prospective validation cohort the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and F1 score were: 33.2%, 93%, 10%, and 15.4% respectively. F1 value for the RIETE and VTE-BLEED scores were 8.6% and 6.4% respectively. In the external validation cohort the metrics were 10.3%, 87.6%, 3.5% and 5.2% respectively. In that cohort, the F1 value for the RIETE score was 17.3% and for the VTE-BLEED score 9.75%. The performance of the XGBoost algorithm was better than that from the RIETE and VTE-BLEED scores only in the prospective validation cohort, but not in the external validation cohort.
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Embolia Pulmonar , Tromboembolia Venosa , Humanos , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Sistema de Registros , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/complicações , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Embolia Pulmonar/complicaçõesRESUMO
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), in particular pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic PH, burdens patients with relevant morbidity and mortality. The use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) seems able to mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes and death in these patients. Despite scarce evidence, the use of OAC is recommended to treat PH patients, mainly based on observational data. So far, data are still unclear about the impact of direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs), whereas vitamin K antagonists are the main drugs recommended. More data are needed to fully clarify the role of OAC and DOACs in PH patients.
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Hipertensão Pulmonar , Vitamina K , Humanos , Vitamina K/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Behçet syndrome (BS) is a unique type of vasculitis that affects veins and arteries of all sizes, leading to recurrent vascular events, mostly venous thrombosis. The prevalence of venous thromboembolism in BS patients ranges between 15 and 40%. Thrombosis is usually an early manifestation leading to diagnosis of BS in up to 40% of patients. BS is per se a model of inflammation-induced thrombosis. The primary autoimmune response activates lymphocytes that in turn produce a cytokine cascade that activates neutrophils, which modify the secondary structure of fibrinogen making it less susceptible to plasmin-induced lysis. This leads to endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation and overexpression of tissue factor leading to inflammatory thrombi, usually attached to the wall. The pathogenesis of thrombosis is especially relevant to direct the specific treatment, that is based on immunosuppression rather than anticoagulation. Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are the most common form of thrombosis in BS, but thrombosis in atypical sites (cava vein, suprahepatic veins, intracardiac thrombus) and arterial involvement can also occur. We assessed the latest update of the European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for the management of BS. Vascular Behçet treatment is usually based of immunosuppressants, and the role of anticoagulation remains controversial. The use of interventional and surgical procedures should be carefully evaluated, due to the risk of triggering a vascular pathergy phenomenon.
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Síndrome de Behçet , Trombose , Trombose Venosa , Anticoagulantes , Artérias , Síndrome de Behçet/complicações , Síndrome de Behçet/diagnóstico , Humanos , Inflamação/complicações , Trombose/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/complicaçõesRESUMO
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, limited data exist on patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. To describe the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and short-term outcomes of patients diagnosed with VTE during hospitalization for COVID-19. This is a prospective multinational study of patients with incident VTE during the course of hospitalization for COVID-19. Data were obtained from the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) registry. All-cause mortality, VTE recurrences, and major bleeding during the first 10 days were separately investigated for patients in hospital wards versus those in intensive care units (ICUs). As of May 03, 2020, a total number of 455 patients were diagnosed with VTE (83% pulmonary embolism, 17% isolated deep vein thrombosis) during their hospital stay; 71% were male, the median age was 65 (interquartile range, 55-74) years. Most patients (68%) were hospitalized in medical wards, and 145 in ICUs. Three hundred and seventeen (88%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 84-91%) patients were receiving thromboprophylaxis at the time of VTE diagnosis. Most patients (88%) received therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparin, and 15 (3.6%) received reperfusion therapies. Among 420 patients with complete 10-day follow-up, 51 (12%; 95% CI: 9.3-15%) died, no patient recurred, and 12 (2.9%; 95% CI: 1.6-4.8%) experienced major bleeding. The 10-day mortality rate was 9.1% (95% CI: 6.1-13%) among patients in hospital wards and 19% (95% CI: 13-26%) among those in ICUs. This study provides characteristics and early outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute VTE during hospitalization for COVID-19. Additional studies are needed to identify the optimal strategies to prevent VTE and to mitigate adverse outcomes associated.
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COVID-19 , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/administração & dosagem , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Sistema de Registros , Tromboembolia Venosa , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/mortalidade , COVID-19/terapia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemorragia/etiologia , Hemorragia/mortalidade , Hemorragia/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/mortalidade , Tromboembolia Venosa/terapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 predisposes patients to a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), although the extent of these implications is unclear and the risk of bleeding has been poorly evaluated. To date, no studies have reported long-term outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and VTE. METHOD: Prospective observational study to evaluate long-term (90 days or more) outcomes of patients diagnosed with VTE (PE, DVT of the extremities, or both) in the setting of COVID-19. The main outcome of the study was a compound of major bleeding and death. RESULTS: The study comprised 100 patients (mean age 65 ± 13.9 years). At the time of VTE diagnosis, 66% patients were hospitalized, 34.8% of them in the ICU. Mean follow-up was 97.9 ± 23.3 days. During the study period, 24% patients died and median time to death was 12 (IQR: 2.25-20.75) days, 11% patients had major bleeding and median time to event was 12 (IQR: 5-16) days. The cause of death was PE in 5% and bleeding in 2% of patients. There were no VTE recurrences. The main study outcome occurred in 29% patients. Risk of death or major bleeding was independently associated with ICU admission (HR 12.2; 95% CI 3.0-48.3), thrombocytopenia (HR 4.5; 95% CI 1.2-16.5), and cancer (HR 21.6; 95% CI 1.8-259). CONCLUSION: In patients with COVID-19 and VTE, mortality and major bleeding were high and almost a third of deaths were VTE-related. The majority of complications occurred in the first 30 days. ICU admission, thrombocytopenia, and cancer are risk factors for poor prognosis.
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COVID-19/complicações , Hemorragia/etiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Idoso , COVID-19/mortalidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Hemorragia/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Estudos Prospectivos , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/mortalidade , Trombose Venosa/etiologiaRESUMO
The relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis is not well understood. An inflammatory response may be both the cause and consequence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In fact, several risk factors of VTE modulate thrombosis through inflammatory markers. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is burdened by a remarkable mortality rate, up to 34% in severely ill patients presenting with hemodynamic instability. Initial mortality risk stratification is based on hemodynamic instability. Patients with a situation of hemodynamic stability require immediate further risk assessment based on clinical, imaging, and circulating biomarkers, as well as the presence of comorbidities. Some inflammatory biomarkers have shown potential usefulness in the risk stratification of patients with VTE, especially acute PE. C-reactive protein on admission is associated with 30-day mortality and bleeding in VTE patients. P-selectin is associated with right ventricle dysfunction in PE patients and might be associated with VTE recurrences and the extension of thrombosis. Tissue factor microparticles are associated with VTE recurrence in cancer-associated thrombosis. Other inflammatory biomarkers present scarce evidence (inflammatory cytokines, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, leukocyte count). In this manuscript, we will review the prognostic role of different inflammatory biomarkers available both for clinical practice and research in VTE patients.
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Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Embolia Pulmonar , Tromboembolia Venosa , Disfunção Ventricular Direita , Biomarcadores/sangue , Sedimentação Sanguínea , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Citocinas/sangue , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Selectina-P/sangue , Embolia Pulmonar/sangue , Embolia Pulmonar/mortalidade , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tromboembolia Venosa/sangue , Tromboembolia Venosa/mortalidade , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/sangue , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we detected a new immunofluorescence (IF) pattern in serum autoantibody (autoAb) screening of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. METHODS: The IF pattern was composed of liver and gastric mucosa staining on rat kidney/liver/stomach sections. RESULTS: We describe 12 patients positive for the cross-reactive antibody, compared with a negative group of 43 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, finding association with either neurologic or thrombotic complications. In sequential pre- and post-COVID-19 serum samples, we confirmed autoAb seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that autoAb screening in COVID-19 patients may be easily performed by IF and alert for autoreactive-mediated complications such as thrombotic or neurologic events.
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Autoanticorpos/sangue , Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/imunologia , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Trombose/imunologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , COVID-19 , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Infecções por Coronavirus/sangue , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Reações Cruzadas/imunologia , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/virologia , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/sangue , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Ratos , SARS-CoV-2 , Soroconversão , Testes Sorológicos , Trombose/virologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Abnormal coagulation parameters have been reported in COVID-19-infected patients. Although the underlying mechanism of COVID-19 coagulopathy remains unknown, it has been suggested to be a form of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to analyze the coagulation parameters of patients with COVID-19, determine whether coagulation factors consumption occurs and identify potential prognostic biomarkers of the disease. PATIENTS/METHODS: Blood samples from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were collected. We performed basic coagulation tests and quantification of coagulation factors and physiological inhibitor proteins. Laboratory data were compared with clinical data and outcomes. RESULTS: The study involved 206 patients (63.6% male). D-dimer was particularly elevated (median 450 ng/mL; IQR 222.5-957.3). Free protein S levels were below the normal range (median 56.6%; IQR: 43.6-68.9), and factor VIII showed an increasing trend (median 173.4%; IQR: 144.1-214.9). However, all coagulation factors were within normal limits. We found no correlation between abnormal coagulation parameters and thrombosis, except for higher D-dimer (HR 1.99; 95% CI 1.3-3.1; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 is associated with coagulopathy that correlates with poor prognosis. However, we did not demonstrate a consumption of coagulation factors, as seen in DIC.
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Betacoronavirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/complicações , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/complicações , Fator VIII/metabolismo , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Trombose Venosa/complicações , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea , Plaquetas/patologia , Plaquetas/virologia , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/mortalidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/mortalidade , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/virologia , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/diagnóstico , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/mortalidade , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/virologia , Feminino , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Humanos , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/mortalidade , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , Prognóstico , Proteína S/metabolismo , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Análise de Sobrevida , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa/mortalidade , Trombose Venosa/virologiaRESUMO
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common acute cardiovascular condition, and its prevalence increases over time. D-dimer has a very high negative predictive value, and if normal levels of D-dimer are detected, the diagnosis of PE is very unlikely. The final diagnosis should be confirmed by computed tomographic scan. However, echocardiography is the most available, bedside, low-cost, diagnostic procedure for patients with PE. Risk stratification is of utmost importance and is mainly based on hemodynamic status of the patient. Patients with PE and hemodynamic stability require further risk assessment, based on clinical symptoms, imaging, and circulating biomarkers.
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Embolia Pulmonar , Medição de Risco/métodos , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/análise , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Embolia Pulmonar/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence on the etiology and outcomes of renal infarction. A provoking factor is identified only in one- to two-thirds of patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute renal infarction were studied; the sample was divided into two groups according to the presence of at least one provoking factor at the time of diagnosis (atrial fibrillation, flutter, major thrombophilia, or renal artery malformations). RESULTS: The study comprised 59 patients with a mean age of 63 (±16.7) years and a follow-up period of 3.1 (±2.8) years. An identifiable provoking factor was found for 59.3% of the renal infarctions at the time of diagnosis, and atrial fibrillation was the most frequent one (in 49.2% of all patients). Renal impairment was found in 49.2% of the patients at diagnosis and in 50.8% of the patients 6 months after the event (p = 0.525). When compared with the idiopathic group, the patients with provoked infarction were older (69.8 vs. 57.9 years, p = 0.014) and had a higher rate of recurrence of arterial thrombosis during follow-up (18.8 vs. 0%, p = 0.028), but there were no differences in the rest of the baseline characteristics or in mortality rates. Six patients (10.2%) in the idiopathic group were diagnosed with atrial fibrillation during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Atrial fibrillation, both at diagnosis and at follow-up, is the most common identifiable cause of renal infarction; however, a significant number of patients are idiopathic, and these are younger, but they have a similar burden of cardiovascular disease and a lower risk of arterial recurrence.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Infarto/etiologia , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Trombose/complicaçõesRESUMO
The interplay between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and heart failure (HF) is intricate. Population studies show that MetS confers an increased risk to develop HF and this effect is mediated by insulin resistance (IR). However, obesity, a key component in MetS and common partner of IR, is protective in patients with established HF, although IR confers an increased risk of dying by HF. Such phenomenon, known as "obesity paradox," accounts for the complexity of the HF-MetS relationship. Because IR impacts more on outcomes than MetS itself, the former may be considered the actual target for MetS in HF patients.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Saúde Global , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Morbidade/tendências , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendênciasRESUMO
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus of growing importance and atypical behavior. The infections caused by this microorganism are becoming more frequent, having a broader spectrum. Psoas abscesses caused by this germ are rare, with few cases reported in the literature. In this work, we present a case of a psoas abscess caused by S. lugdunensis in a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis, which was treated with intravenous cloxacillin with a good outcome.
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Abscesso do Psoas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus lugdunensis/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Cloxacilina/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Abscesso Epidural/tratamento farmacológico , Abscesso Epidural/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Abscesso do Psoas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus lugdunensis/patogenicidadeAssuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Eritema Nodoso/diagnóstico , Perna (Membro) , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Eritema Nodoso/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is a rare disease that leads to the destruction of red blood cells in the reticuloendothelial system through the mediation of agglutinins (immunoglobulin G (IgG) type in most cases) that attach to the erythrocyte wall at 37 °C. The association of WAIHA and venous thromboembolism (VTE) seems to be higher than other hemolytic disorders classically associated with VTE and there is a current investigation aimed at clarifying this association and establishing some criteria to use anticoagulant treatment in patients with WAIHA. Despite this, WAIHA is a rare cause for the development of recurrent VTE under secondary prophylactic anticoagulant treatment, with only a few cases described in the literature. We present the case of a patient who developed a recurrence of deep vein thrombosis during a WAIHA episode despite treatment with acenocoumarol and a review of the literature.
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INTRODUCTION: Patients with heart failure (HF) are known to have an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), but there is limited evidence regarding the prognostic implications of HF in patients with acute PE and the relationship between PE prognosis and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The primary objective of this study was the development of a composite outcome (mortality, major bleeding, and recurrence) within the first 30 days. The secondary objective was to identify the role of LVEF in predicting the development of early complications in patients with both HF and reduced LVEF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals between January 2012 and December 2022 to assess differences among patients diagnosed with acute PE based on the presence or absence of a history of HF. Cox regression models were employed to assess the impact of HF and reduced LVEF on the composite outcome at 30 days. RESULTS: Out of 1991 patients with acute symptomatic PE, 7.13% had a history of HF. Patients with HF were older and had more comorbidities. The HF group exhibited higher mortality (11.27% vs. 4.33%, p < 0.001) and a higher incidence of major bleeding (9.86% vs. 4.54%, p = 0.005). In the multivariate analysis, HF was an independent risk factor for the development of the composite outcome (HR 1.93; 95% CI 1.35-2.76). Reduced LVEF was independently associated with a higher risk of major bleeding (HR 3.44; 95% CI 1.34-8.81). CONCLUSION: In patients with acute pulmonary embolism, heart failure is independently associated with a higher risk of early complications. Additionally, heart failure with reduced LVEF is an independent risk factor for major bleeding.
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Pacemakers (PM) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are vital devices in contemporary clinical practice, but their growing adoption poses challenges. Complications, including lead migration, infections, and post-implantation venous thrombosis, underscore the importance of comprehensive investigation. This retrospective observational study enrolled patients diagnosed with upper limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) secondary to intracardiac devices at a tertiary hospital from 2015 to 2022. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and long-term outcomes (bleeding, DVT recurrence and sequelae) in these patients. Across the study period, 2681 intracardiac devices were implanted, with 12 cases of upper limb DVT documented. The majority of patients were male (91.7%), with a mean age of 63.92 years. DVT occurred in patients with PM (50%), implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (25%) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (25%). Treatment encompassed low-molecular-weight heparin (91.7%) during the acute episode and long-term anticoagulation with direct oral anticoagulants (75%) or vitamin K antagonists (25%). Over a mean follow-up period of 33.17 months, half of the patients exhibited long-term sequelae, notably collateral circulation (66.7%). Remarkably, no thrombosis recurrences were observed during follow-up. However, one patient (8.3%) experienced a major bleeding event during treatment, and one patient (8.3%) required device removal (PM) due to persistent symptoms. This study revealed upper limb DVT occurred in 0.45% of patients after intracardiac device implantation. Rate of thrombosis recurrence was low during follow-up. Although half of the patients developed long-term sequelae, the need for prolonged anticoagulant therapy in these cases remains uncertain.