Intensive Social Interaction for Treatment of Poststroke Depression in Subacute Aphasia: The CONNECT Trial.

BACKGROUND: Limiting the ability to engage in social interaction, aphasia increases the risk of poststroke depression and may prevent classical forms of psychotherapy. Our parallel-group, blinded-assessment, quasi-randomized controlled trial explores the feasibility and potential efficacy of intensive social interaction as a means to alleviate poststroke depression in subacute aphasia. METHODS: We adopted a linguistically validated treatment program based on massed practice and conversational turn-taking (Intensive Language-Action Therapy). In a routine outpatient setting, 60 individuals with poststroke depression and subacute aphasia (0.5-6 months following left-hemispheric ischemia or hemorrhage) were assigned to Intensive Language-Action Therapy combined with standard care (Group I) or standard care alone (Group II). End points included feasibility (primary outcome) alongside change on self-report and clinician-rated measures of depression severity (co-primary outcomes: Beck's Depression Inventory; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression) after a 1-month treatment period (5 weekly 1-hour sessions), controlled for progress in language performance (secondary outcome: Aachen Aphasia Test, AAT). RESULTS: 100% treatment participation demonstrated feasibility of Intensive Language-Action Therapy in poststroke depression. Analyses (n=60) revealed significant between-group differences on the Beck's Depression Inventory (change in Group I [95% CI]: -12.6 [±4.9]; in Group II: -5.8 [±3.2]; P=0.040) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (change in Group I: -5.0 [±1.4]; in Group II: -3.3 [±1.2]; P=0.002), indicating small-to-medium effect sizes in reducing depression severity with Intensive Language-Action Therapy (η2≤0.101). No significant between-group differences emerged on expressive AAT subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the feasibility and potential efficacy of intensive social interaction for treatment of poststroke depression in subacute aphasia. REGISTRATION: URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov; Unique identifier: NCT04318951.

A circle-monitor for computerised assessment of visual neglect in peripersonal space.

UNLABELLED: Current assessment of visual neglect involves paper-and-pencil tests or computer-based tasks. Both have been criticised because of their lack of ecological validity as target stimuli can only be presented in a restricted visual range. This study examined the user-friendliness and diagnostic strength of a new "Circle-Monitor" (CM), which enlarges the range of the peripersonal space, in comparison to a standard paper-and-pencil test (Neglect-Test, NET). METHODS: Ten stroke patients with neglect and ten age-matched healthy controls were examined by the NET and the CM test comprising of four subtests (Star Cancellation, Line Bisection, Dice Task, and Puzzle Test). RESULTS: The acceptance of the CM in elderly controls and neglect patients was high. Participants rated the examination by CM as clear, safe and more enjoyable than NET. Healthy controls performed at ceiling on all subtests, without any systematic differences between the visual fields. Both NET and CM revealed significant differences between controls and patients in Line Bisection, Star Cancellation and visuo-constructive tasks (NET: Figure Copying, CM: Puzzle Test). Discriminant analyses revealed cross-validated assignment of patients and controls to groups was more precise when based on the CM (hit rate 90%) as compared to the NET (hit rate 70%). CONCLUSION: The CM proved to be a sensitive novel tool to diagnose visual neglect symptoms quickly and accurately with superior diagnostic validity compared to a standard neglect test while being well accepted by patients. Due to its upgradable functions the system may also be a valuable tool not only to test for non-visual neglect symptoms, but also to provide treatment and assess its outcome.