Tandem Integration of Biological and Electrochemical Catalysis for Efficient Polyester Upcycling under Ambient Conditions.

Excessive production of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) poses an ecological challenge, which necessitates developing technologies to extract the values from end-of-life PET. Upcycling has proven effective in addressing the low profitability of current recycling strategies, yet existing upcycling technologies operate under energy-intensive conditions. Here we report a cascade strategy to steer the transformation of PET waste into glycolate in an overall yield of 92.6% under ambient conditions. The cascade approach involves setting up a robust hydrolase with 95.6% PET depolymerization into ethylene glycol (EG) monomer within 12 h, followed by an electrochemical process initiated by a CO-tolerant Pd/Ni(OH)2 catalyst to convert the EG intermediate into glycolate with high Faradaic efficiency of 97.5%. Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment indicate that, compared with the widely adopted electrochemical technology that heavily relies on alkaline pretreatment for PET depolymerization, our designed enzymatic-electrochemical approach offers a cost-effective and low-carbon pathway to upgrade PET.

A 584 bp deletion in CTRB2 inhibits chymotrypsin B2 activity and secretion and confers risk of pancreatic cancer.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have discovered 20 risk loci in the human genome where germline variants associate with risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in populations of European ancestry. Here, we fine-mapped one such locus on chr16q23.1 (rs72802365, p = 2.51 × 10-17, OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.31-1.40) and identified colocalization (PP = 0.87) with aberrant exon 5-7 CTRB2 splicing in pancreatic tissues (pGTEx = 1.40 × 10-69, ßGTEx = 1.99; pLTG = 1.02 × 10-30, ßLTG = 1.99). Imputation of a 584 bp structural variant overlapping exon 6 of CTRB2 into the GWAS datasets resulted in a highly significant association with pancreatic cancer risk (p = 2.83 × 10-16, OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.31-1.42), indicating that it may underlie this signal. Exon skipping attributable to the deletion (risk) allele introduces a premature stop codon in exon 7 of CTRB2, yielding a truncated chymotrypsinogen B2 protein that lacks chymotrypsin activity, is poorly secreted, and accumulates intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We propose that intracellular accumulation of a nonfunctional chymotrypsinogen B2 protein leads to ER stress and pancreatic inflammation, which may explain the increased pancreatic cancer risk in carriers of CTRB2 exon 6 deletion alleles.

Number of Older Biological Siblings and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Risk.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United States.1 Although CRC incidence has declined in individuals >50 years, incidence is rising in adults <50 years (early onset).1 By 2027, CRC is projected to become the leading cause of cancer mortality in US adults <50 years.2 To combat the rising incidence of early onset CRC (EOCRC), national guidelines recently lowered the screening age from 50 to 45 years for average-risk individuals.3 Understanding the risk profile of EOCRC can help combat the rising burden in young adults, especially in those ineligible for screening.

Exploring the link between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake and rheumatoid arthritis risk: NHANES 1999-2020 study.

OBJECTIVES: The association between the ingestion of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear. To address this, this study utilised data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 1999 to 2020. METHODS: Dietary intake information on n-3 and n-6 fatty acids was gathered through 24-hour interviews about dietary recall and adjusted based on weight. RA patient data was collected using questionnaires. Associations were evaluated using logistic regression and spline analyses. The study included a total of 50,352 participants in a cross-sectional manner. RESULTS: In the adjusted Model 2, higher odds ratios (ORs) of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60-0.86) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.62-0.92) were observed for n-3 and n-6 fatty acid intake, respectively, compared to the lowest category. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a negative correlation between the ingestion of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in US adults.

FHL3 promotes the formation of fast glycolytic muscle fibers by interacting with YY1 and muscle glycolytic metabolism.

The proportions of the various muscle fiber types are important in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, as well as animal meat production. Four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 3 (FHL3) is highly expressed in fast glycolytic muscle fibers and differentially regulates the expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms at the cellular level. Whether FHL3 regulates the transformation of muscle fiber types in vivo and the regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, muscle-specific FHL3 transgenic mice were generated by random integration, and lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown or overexpression in muscles of mice or pigs was conducted. Functional analysis showed that overexpression of FHL3 in muscles significantly increased the proportion of fast-twitch myofibers and muscle mass but decreased muscle succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and whole-body oxygen consumption. Lentivirus-mediated FHL3 knockdown in muscles significantly decreased muscle mass and the proportion of fast-twitch myofibers. Mechanistically, FHL3 directly interacted with the Yin yang 1 (YY1) DNA-binding domain, repressed the binding of YY1 to the fast glycolytic MyHC2b gene regulatory region, and thereby promoted MyHC2b expression. FHL3 also competed with EZH2 to bind the repression domain of YY1 and reduced H3K27me3 enrichment in the MyHC2b regulatory region. Moreover, FHL3 overexpression reduced glucose tolerance by affecting muscle glycolytic metabolism, and its mRNA expression in muscle was positively associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, FHL3 is a novel potential target gene for the treatment of muscle metabolism-related diseases and improvement of animal meat production.

[Clinical and genetic analysis of three children with Legius syndrome due to variants of SPRED1 gene].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of three children with Leguis syndrome. METHODS: Three children suspected as Legius syndrome at the Henan Children's Hospital for precocious puberty or short stature from June 6, 2019 to August 25, 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the children were collected. All children were subjected to whole exome sequencing, and candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: All of the children (including 2 females and 1 male, and aged 4 years and 6 months, 8 years, and 14 years and 8 months, respectively) had typical café de lait spots. Child 1 also had precocious puberty, and children 2 and 3 had short statures. Genetic testing revealed that all of them had harbored heterozygous variants of the SPRED1 gene, including c.751C>T (p.Arg251Ter194) in child 1, c.229A>T (p.Lys77Ter368) in child 2, and c.1044_1046delinsC (p.R349fs*11) in child 3. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the c.751C>T (p.Arg251Ter194) variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic, whilst the other two were known pathogenic variants. CONCLUSION: All of the three children were diagnosed with Leguis syndrome due to variants of the SPRED1 gene, which had manifested as multiple café de lait spots in conjunct with precocious puberty or short statures.

Electrochemical Production of Glycolate Fuelled By Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastics with Improved Techno-Economics.

Electrochemical valorization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste streams into commodity chemicals offers a potentially sustainable route for creating a circular plastic economy. However, PET wastes upcycling into valuable C2 product remains a huge challenge by the lack of an electrocatalyst that can steer the oxidation economically and selectively. Here, it is reported a catalyst comprising Pt nanoparticles hybridized with γ-NiOOH nanosheets supported on Ni foam (Pt/γ-NiOOH/NF) that favors electrochemical transformation of real-word PET hydrolysate into glycolate with high Faradaic efficiency (> 90%) and selectivity (> 90%) across wide reactant (ethylene glycol, EG) concentration ranges under a marginal applied voltage of 0.55 V, which can be paired with cathodic hydrogen production. Computational studies combined with experimental characterizations elucidate that the Pt/γ-NiOOH interface with substantial charge accumulation gives rise to an optimized adsorption energy of EG and a decreased energy barrier of potential determining step. A techno-economic analysis demonstrates that, with the nearly same amount of resource investment, the electroreforming strategy towards glycolate production can raise revenue by up to 2.2 times relative to conventional chemical process. This work may thus serve as a framework for PET wastes valorization process with net-zero carbon footprint and high economic viability.

Validating a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess regional diet in a study of cancer in South West Nigeria.

PURPOSE: Cancer burden is rising rapidly in Nigeria, the most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa; this trend may in part be attributable to diet. We developed and validated a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess regional diet in Nigeria. METHODS: We recruited 68 adult participants from rural and urban settings in South West Nigeria. We developed an FFQ administered at baseline and assessed its validity using 3 dietary recalls (baseline, 7 days post baseline, 3 months post baseline). We calculated Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and energy-adjusted de-attenuated correlation coefficients for food items and macronutrients. We evaluated cross-classification using quartiles of macronutrient intake. RESULTS: Energy-adjusted de-attenuated food item correlations between the FFQ and dietary recalls ranged from -0.08 (smoked beef/goat) to 0.73 (fried snacks) for the average intake from the first 2 recalls (2DR) and from -0.05 (smoked beef/goat) to 0.75 (smoked fish) for the average of all 3 recalls (3DR). Macronutrient correlations ranged from 0.15 (fat) to 0.37 (fiber) for the 2DR and from 0.08 (fat) to 0.41 (carbohydrates) for the 3DR. The percent of participants classified in the same quartile ranged from 16.4% (fat) to 32.8% (fiber, protein) for the 2DR and from 25.6% (fat) to 34.9% (carbohydrates) for the 3DR. Agreement improved when including adjacent quartiles, from 65.5% (carbohydrates) to 70.5% (fat, fiber) for the 2DR and from 62.8% (protein) to 76.8% (carbohydrate) for the 3DR. CONCLUSION: Our semi-quantitative FFQ was reasonably valid for ranking intake of certain foods and macronutrients in adults in South West Nigeria.

Risk factors for endometrial cancer in Black women.

PURPOSE: The incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) has been increasing faster among Black women than among other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Although the mortality rate is nearly twice as high among Black than White women, there is a paucity of literature on risk factors for EC among Black women, particularly regarding menopausal hormone use and severe obesity. METHODS: We pooled questionnaire data on 811 EC cases and 3,124 controls from eight studies with data on self-identified Black women (4 case-control and 4 cohort studies). We analyzed cohort studies as nested case-control studies with up to 4 controls selected per case. We used logistic regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: We observed a positive association between BMI and EC incidence (Ptrend < 0.0001) The OR comparing BMI ≥ 40 vs. < 25 kg/m2 was 3.92 (95% CI 2.91, 5.27). Abdominal obesity among those with BMI < 30 kg/m2 was not appreciably associated with EC risk (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.74, 1.99). Associations of reproductive history with EC were similar to those observed in studies of White women. Long-term use of estrogen-only menopausal hormones was associated with an increased risk of EC (≥ 5 years vs. never use: OR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.06, 4.06). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the associations of established risk factors with EC are similar between Black and White women. Other explanations, such as differences in the prevalence of known risk factors or previously unidentified risk factors likely underlie the recent increases in EC incidence among Black women.

Cu-Based Catalysts Supported on H3PO4-Activated Coffee Biochar for Selective Reduction of Nitroaromatics.

Selective reduction of nitroaromatics to the corresponding aromatic amines is extremely an attractive chemical process for both fundamental research and potential commercial applications. Herewith, we report that a highly dispersed Cu catalyst supported on H3PO4-activated coffee biochar and the resulting Cu/PBCR-600 catalyst show complete conversion of the nitroaromatics and >97.0% selectivity for the corresponding aromatic amines. The TOF of catalyzing the reduction of nitroaromatics (1.55-460.74 min-1) is approximately 2 to 15 times higher than those of previously reported non-noble and even noble metal catalysts. Additionally, Cu/PBCR-600 also shows high stability in catalytic recycles. Furthermore, it exhibits long-term catalytic stability (660 min) for practical application in a continuous-flow reactor. The characterizations and activity tests reveal that Cu0 existing in Cu/PBCR-600 acts as an active site in nitroaromatics reduction. Also, the further characterization by FTIR and UV-vis demonstrates that N, P co-doped coffee biochar could selectively adsorb and activate the nitro group of nitroaromatics.

Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and endometrial cancer risk in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium: An individual-participant meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Limited data from prospective studies suggest that higher dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFA), which hold anti-inflammatory properties, may reduce endometrial cancer risk; particularly among certain subgroups characterized by body mass and tumor pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 12 prospective cohort studies participating in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium were harmonized as nested case-control studies, including 7268 endometrial cancer cases and 26,133 controls. Habitual diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire, from which fatty acid intakes were estimated. Two-stage individual-participant data mixed effects meta-analysis estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) through logistic regression for associations between study-specific energy-adjusted quartiles of LCn3PUFA and endometrial cancer risk. RESULTS: Women with the highest versus lowest estimated dietary intakes of docosahexaenoic acid, the most abundant LCn3PUFA in diet, had a 9% increased endometrial cancer risk (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: OR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19; P trend = 0.04). Similar elevated risks were observed for the summary measure of total LCn3PUFA (OR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.99-1.16; P trend = 0.06). Stratified by body mass index, higher intakes of LCn3PUFA were associated with 12-19% increased endometrial cancer risk among overweight/obese women and no increased risk among normal-weight women. Higher associations appeared restricted to White women. The results did not differ by cancer grade. CONCLUSION: Higher dietary intakes of LCn3PUFA are unlikely to reduce endometrial cancer incidence; rather, they may be associated with small to moderate increases in risk in some subgroups of women, particularly overweight/obese women.

The African Research Group for Oncology: A decade fostering colorectal cancer research in Nigeria.

The African Research Group for Oncology (ARGO) was formed in 2013 to undertake methodologically rigorous cancer research in Nigeria, and to strengthen cancer research capacity in the country through training and mentorship of physicians, scientists, and other healthcare workers. Here, we describe how ARGO's work in colorectal cancer (CRC) has evolved over the past decade. This includes the consortium's scientific contributions to the understanding of CRC in Nigeria and globally and its research capacity-building program.

Recent advances on solar-driven valorization of polyethylene terephthalate plastics into value-added chemicals.

The random disposal and immature recycling of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages lead to a severe threaten to the ecological system owing to slow natural degradation kinetics of PET plastic, and meanwhile cause a waste of carbon resources stored in PET plastics. Many methods have been developed to recycle PET plastics, such as mechanical recycling, which induces a reduced quality relative to the virgin PET. In recent years, the photocatalytic conversion of PET plastic wastes into chemicals has received considerable attention due to their unique advantages, including mild conditions, less energy consumption, and simple operation. In this review, we have summarized the latest achievements in photoreforming of PET plastics into value-added chemicals. Primarily, we described the mechanism for bond cleavage during PET photoreforming, the emerging pretreatment methodologies for PET plastics, and the advantages of photocatalytic PET plastics conversion. Then, we introduced electro-/bio-assisted photocatalysis technologies for PET disposal and commented their strengths and limitations. Finally, we put forward the challenges and potential advances in the domain of photocatalytic PET plastics conversion.

Status and related factors of anxiety of primary caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes: a prospective study.

Primary caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are prone to negative emotions. This study explored the anxiety status of the caregivers and analyzed the related factors. In this prospective study, 245 primary caregivers of T1DM children who were reexamined in the outpatient clinic of Children's Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University between April 2020 and Sep 2022 were surveyed with a questionnaire and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). The detection rate of anxiety symptoms in T1DM primary caregivers was 21.2%, with a total score of HAMA score of 11.74 ± 2.50. There were significant differences between the anxiety and non-anxiety groups in treatment method, HbA1C to standard (≤7.0%), severe hypoglycemia in the last 1 year and the number of adolescent cases (χ2 = 15.798, p = 0.000; χ2 = 4.197, p = 0.040; χ2 = 5.291, p = 0.021; χ2 = 14.279, p = 0.000). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that insulin pump treatment, HbA1C to standard (≤7.0%) and adolescence were associated with anxiety in primary caregivers (OR = 4.040, 95%CI 1.969-8.289, p = 0.000; OR = 0.472, 95%CI 0.237-0.955, p = 0.037; OR = 2.952, 95%CI 1.495-5.831, p = 0.002). Pediatric endocrine care should pay more attention to the anxiety of the caregivers of adolescent T1DM children treated with insulin pumps while helping the children manage their disease.

Adapting an Undergraduate Summer Internship to a Virtual Format: Implementing a Mentored Cancer Research Experience to Meet Rising Demand for Flexible Learning Environments.

To meet the rising demand for flexible learning in data-driven health research, we adapted an in-person undergraduate research program (Quantitative Sciences Undergraduate Research Experience (QSURE)) to an all-virtual framework in summer 2020 and 2021. We used Web-conferencing and remote computing to implement virtual hands-on research training within a comprehensive cancer center. We designed the program to achieve research and career development goals: students completed faculty-mentored quantitative research projects and received education in the responsible conduct of research and practical skills, such as oral and written presentation. We assessed virtual program efficacy using pre- and post-program quantitative and qualitative student feedback. Eighteen students participated (nine each year); they reported high satisfaction with the virtual format. Compared with baseline, students reported improved perceived competence in quantitative skills and research knowledge post-program; these improvements were comparable to the in-person program. Defined benchmarks and consistent communication (with mentors, program directors, other students) were crucial to students' success; however, students noted challenges in building camaraderie online. With adequate resources, Web-based technology can be leveraged as an effective format for hands-on quantitative research training. Our framework can be tailored to an institution's needs, particularly those for which available resources better align with a virtual research program.

Trends in Early-onset vs Late-onset Colorectal Cancer Incidence by Race/Ethnicity in the United States Cancer Statistics Database.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has decreased overall in the last several decades, but it has increased among younger adults. Prior studies have characterized this phenomenon in the United States (U.S.) using only a small subset of cases. We describe CRC incidence trends using high-quality data from 92% of the U.S. population, with an emphasis on those younger than 50 years. METHODS: We obtained 2001 to 2016 data from the U.S. Cancer Statistics database and analyzed CRC incidence for all age groups, with a focus on individuals diagnosed at ages 20 to 49 years (early-onset CRC). We compared incidence trends stratified by age, as well as by race/ethnicity, sex, region, anatomic site, and stage at diagnosis. RESULTS: We observed 191,659 cases of early-onset and 1,097,765 cases of late-onset CRC during the study period. Overall, CRC incidence increased in every age group from 20 to 54 years. Whites were the only racial group with a consistent increase in incidence across all younger ages, with the steepest rise seen after 2012. Hispanics also experienced smaller increases in incidence in most of the younger age groups. Asians/Pacific Islanders and blacks saw no increase in incidence in any age group in 2016, but blacks continued to have the highest incidence of CRC for every age group. Greater increase in early-onset CRC incidence was observed for males, left-sided tumors, and regional and distant disease. CONCLUSIONS: Early-onset CRC incidence increased overall from 2001 to 2016, but the trends were markedly different for whites, blacks, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. These results may inform future research on the risk factors underlying early-onset CRC.

Vitamin B12 Supplementation and Vitamin B12 Blood Serum Levels: Evaluation of Effect Modification by Gender and Smoking Status.

Research suggests that high intake of supplemental vitamin B12 may be associated with increased risk of cancer, with some evidence that this association may vary by gender and smoking status. This investigation evaluates if similar patterns in association are observed for data for 11,757 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2006). Survey-weighted multivariable-adjusted linear regression was used to evaluate the association between regular B12 supplement use and log-transformed serum B12 levels. Persons taking vitamin B12 through a multivitamin/multimineral (MVMM) had a median supplemental intake of 12 mcg/day (Q1: 6, Q3: 25), compared to 100 mcg/day (Q1: 22, Q3: 500) for persons reporting supplemental B12 intake through a MVMM-exclusive source. MVMM users had a geometric mean serum B12 26% (95% CI: 23%-30%) higher than nonusers, whereas MVMM-exclusive users' geometric mean was 61% (95% CI: 53%-70%) higher than nonusers (p-trend < 0.001). Although a positive trend (p-trend < 0.001) was observed for both men and women, the association was stronger among women (p-interaction < 0.001). No interaction was observed for smoking status (p-interaction = 0.45). B12 supplementation is associated with higher levels of serum B12, with significant interaction by gender but not smoking. Further work is needed to better understand the interplay of B12 and gender.

Application of the FreeStyle®Libre Glucose Monitoring System in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients aged 1-4 years.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the analytical accuracy, safety performance, and user satisfaction (guardians of study participants) of the FreeStyle®Libre Glucose Monitoring System in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), in children aged <4 years. METHODS: Sixteen hospitalized children with new onset T1DM, aged 4 months to 4 years, were enrolled in this study. Patients wore the sensor for 14 days; sensor scans were performed immediately and at 5, 10, and 15 min after capillary blood glucose (BG) measurements to evaluate the effectiveness of the device and the lag effect. RESULTS: The consensus error grid showed that 96.40% of values fell within zone A (no clinical impact) and 3.60% within zone B (little/no clinical impact). Overall, the mean absolute relative difference (MARD) was 9.34%, and was higher in the capillary BG <4.0 mmol/L group (15.18%) than in the 4-10 mmol/L (9.63%) and >10 mmol/L (7.17%) groups. The MARD increased gradually with scanning time extension, indicating a short lag effect. Regression analysis showed that a higher BG level was associated with a greater difference in FreeStyle®Libre System measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the FreeStyle®Libre System in children aged 1-4 years is accurate and safe, and may be accurate down to 4 months, independent of patient characteristics.

Clinical features of young onset colorectal cancer patients from a large cohort at a single cancer center.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to describe the demographics and clinical features of patients with young onset (YO) CRC. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with CRC diagnosed between ages 20 and 49 years was evaluated at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 1/2004 to 6/2019. We excluded those with a hereditary CRC syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or prior CRC diagnosis. Patient demographics; presenting symptoms; medical, surgical, and smoking history; family history of cancer; tumor characteristics; and pathology were obtained from the electronic medical record. RESULTS: We identified 3856 YO CRC patients (median age CRC diagnosis 43; 52.5% male). A total of 59.1% were overweight or obese (32.2% and 26.9%, respectively). Most (90.1%) had no family history of CRC in a first-degree relative; 56.3% of patients reported being never smokers; 5.2% had diabetes. The most common presenting symptoms were rectal bleeding (47.7%), abdominal pain/bloating (33.1%), and change in bowel habits (24.7%). The majority presented with left-sided cancers (77.3%), at late-stage disease (68.4% at stages 3 or 4). CONCLUSION: Most YO CRC patients presented with rectal bleeding or abdominal pain, left-sided cancers, and later-stage disease and had no family history of CRC in a first-degree relative. Over half were overweight and obese and were more likely to have never smoked. More data are needed to better understand YO CRC risk factors and to help identify high-risk populations who may benefit from earlier screening.

Effectiveness of a surveillance program of upper endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal cancers in Lynch syndrome patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer and is associated with an increased lifetime risk of gastric and duodenal cancers of 8-16% and 7%, respectively; therefore, we aim to describe an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) surveillance program for upper gastrointestinal (GI) precursor lesions and cancer in LS patients. METHODS: Patients who either had positive genetic testing or met clinical criteria for LS who had a surveillance EGD at our institution from 1996 to 2017 were identified. Patients were included if they had at least two EGDs or an upper GI cancer detected on the first surveillance EGD. EGD and pathology reports were extracted manually. RESULTS: Our cohort included 247 patients with a mean age of 47.1 years (SD 12.6) at first EGD. Patients had a mean of 3.5 EGDs (range 1-16). Mean duration of follow-up was 5.7 years. Average interval between EGDs was 2.3 years. Surveillance EGD detected precursor lesions in 8 (3.2%) patients, two (0.8%) gastric cancers and two (0.8%) duodenal cancers. Two interval cancers were diagnosed: a duodenal adenocarcinoma was detected 2 years, 8 months after prior EGD and a jejunal adenocarcinoma was detected 1 year, 9 months after prior EGD. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that surveillance EGD is a useful tool to help detect precancerous and cancerous upper GI lesions in LS patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine a program of surveillance EGDs in LS patients. More data are needed to determine the appropriate surveillance interval.