RESUMO
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are members of a protein superfamily with diverse physiological functions, including cellular detoxification and protection against oxidative damage. However, there is limited research on GSTs responding to cadmium (Cd) stress. This study classified 46 GST genes in Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) into nine groups using model construction and domain annotation. Evolutionary analysis revealed nine subfamilies with diverse physical and chemical properties. Prediction of subcellular localization revealed that half of the GST members were located in the cytoplasm. According to the expression analysis of GST family genes responding to Cd stress, DoGST5 responded significantly to Cd stress. Transient expression of DoGST5-GFP in tobacco leaves revealed that DoGST5 was localized in the cytoplasm. DoGST5 overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced Cd tolerance by reducing Cd-induced H2O2 and O2- levels. These findings demonstrate that DoGST5 plays a critical role in enhancing Cd tolerance by balancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, offering potential applications for improving plant adaptability to heavy metal stress.
Assuntos
Cádmio , Dendrobium , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Glutationa Transferase , Proteínas de Plantas , Cádmio/toxicidade , Cádmio/metabolismo , Dendrobium/genética , Dendrobium/enzimologia , Dendrobium/efeitos dos fármacos , Dendrobium/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Filogenia , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Família Multigênica , Genoma de PlantaRESUMO
Cellular mechanical force plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes, including wound healing, cell development, and metastasis. To enable imaging of intercellular tension, molecular tension probes were designed, which offer a simple and efficient method for preparing Au-DNA intercellular tension probes with universal applicability. The proposed approach utilizes gold nanoparticles linked to DNA hairpins, enabling sensitive visualization of cellular force in vitro. Specifically, the designed Au-DNA intercellular tension probe includes a molecular spring flanked by a fluorophore-quencher pair, which is anchored between cells. As intercellular forces open the hairpin, the fluorophore is de-quenched, allowing for visualization of cellular force. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated by imaging the cellular force in living cells using the designed Au-DNA intercellular tension probe.