The MpNAC72/MpERF105-MpMYB10b module regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in Malus 'Profusion' leaves infected with Gymnosporangium yamadae.

Apple rust is a serious fungal disease affecting Malus plants worldwide. Infection with the rust pathogen Gymnosporangium yamadae induces the accumulation of anthocyanins in Malus to resist rust disease. However, the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation in Malus against apple rust is still unclear. Here, we show that MpERF105 and MpNAC72 are key regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis via the ethylene-dependent pathway in M. 'Profusion' leaves under rust disease stress. Exogenous ethephon treatment promoted high expression of MpERF105 and MpNAC72 and anthocyanin accumulation in G. yamadae-infected M. 'Profusion' leaves. Overexpression of MpERF105 increased the total anthocyanin content of Malus plant material and acted by positively regulating its target gene, MpMYB10b. MpNAC72 physically interacted with MpERF105 in vitro and in planta, and the two form a protein complex. Coexpression of the two leads to higher transcript levels of MpMYB10b and higher anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, overexpression of MpERF105 or MpNAC72 enhanced the resistance of M. 'Profusion' leaves to apple rust. In conclusion, our results elucidate the mechanism by which MpERF105 and MpNAC72 are induced by ethylene in G. yamadae-infected M. 'Profusion' leaves and promote anthocyanin accumulation by mediating the positive regulation of MpMYB10b expression.

Map-based cloning reveals Cpgp gene encoding an APRR2 protein to regulate the green fruit peel formation in Cucurbita pepo.

Fruit peel color is a major factor that influences fruit quality and customers' demand. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the green fruit peel color trait of Cucurbita pepo L. remain unknown. Two parental lines, RP16 and RP38, were used to study the fruit peel color trait in C. pepo. The parental line RP16 shows white peel color, whereas RP38 exhibits green peel color. 384 F2 populations were used to identify the inheritance pattern associated with green fruit and white fruit peel in Cucurbita pepo L. 293 F2 individuals were white, and 91 F2 individuals were green, resulting in a ratio of 3:1. Hence, white peel is dominant over the green fruit peel trait, and a single recessive green peel gene (Cpgp) controls the green fruit peel. The fruit chlorophyll (Chll) content decreases as fruit matures in the RP16 line. In contrast, Chll increases during the fruit growing periods on fruit peels of the RP38 line. The BSA-sequence analysis revealed the Cpgp locus on Chr5, within a 2.3 Mb region. Subsequent fine-mapping analysis, using 699 F2 plants, narrowed down this region to 23.90 kb on the same chromosome. Within this region, two annotated genes, namely Cp4.1LG05g02070 and Cp4.1LG05g02060, are present. These genes are predicted to encode a two-component Arabidopsis Pseudo-Response Regulator 2-like protein (APRR2), which may be involved in green pigmentation processes in plants. Consequently, sequence alignment and gene expression analyses at various fruit development stages supported that Cp4.1LG05g02070 may be the primary candidate gene responsible for regulating the green fruit peel color trait in Cucurbita pepo L. This study may provide a basis for further study on the basic mechanisms that control the fruit peel colors in Cucurbita spp. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01492-7.

Association between drinking water sources and cognitive functioning in Chinese older adults residing in rural areas.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between drinking water sources and cognitive functioning among older adults residing in rural China. METHODS: Data were extracted from the 2008-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Drinking water sources were categorized according to whether purification measures were employed. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used for cognitive functioning assessment, and the score of <24 was considered as having cognitive dysfunction. Cox regression analyses were conducted to derive hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effects of various drinking water sources, changes in such sources, and its interaction with exercise on cognition dysfunction. RESULTS: We included 2304 respondents aged 79.67 ± 10.02 years; of them, 1084 (44.49%) were men. Our adjusted model revealed that respondents consistently drinking tap water were 21% less likely to experience cognitive dysfunction compared with those drinking untreated water (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70-0.90). Respondents transitioning from natural to tap water showed were 33% less likely to experience cognitive dysfunction (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.78). Moreover, the HR (95% CI) for the interaction between drinking tap water and exercising was 0.86 (0.75-1.00) when compared with that between drinking untreated water and not exercising. All results adjusted for age, occupation, exercise, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged tap water consumption and switching from untreated water to tap water were associated with a decreased risk of cognitive dysfunction in older individuals. Additionally, exercising and drinking tap water was synergistically associated with the low incidence of cognitive dysfunction. These findings demonstrate the importance of prioritizing drinking water health in rural areas, indicating that purified tap water can enhance cognitive function among older adults.

Solid fuel use, socioeconomic status and depression: a cross-study of older adults in China.

BACKGROUND: Indoor air pollution causes severe psychological stress and promotes depression. A better understanding of the impact of solid fuel consumption and socioeconomic indicators on mental health is critical to promote successful aging. In this study, we analyzed the relationship of depression with socioeconomic status (SES) and solid fuel use, and illustrated the mediating role of solid fuel use in the relationship between SES and depression. METHODS: 9250 participants from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were included in this study. A logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of depression for different types of fuel consumption. The stepwise approach and the Sobel test were used to test the mediation effect. RESULTS: Older people who reported the consumption of solid fuels showed higher odds of having depressive symptoms (OR = 1.16, 95% CI:1.03, 1.31). In model with depression as the outcome variable, the ORs of low education level and low annual household income level were 1.30 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.47) and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.28, 1.59) respectively. Solid fuel consumption accounted for 38.40% of the effect of a low education level and 54.73% of the effect of low income on depression. CONCLUSIONS: Solid fuel use and SES are associated with depression, and solid fuel use may act as a potential mediator connecting socioeconomic indicators and depression.

Global burden of childhood nutritional deficiencies, 1990-2019.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the global burden, trends and health inequality of childhood nutritional deficiencies (CND) from 1990 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN: This was an epidemiological study. METHODS: Data were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. Estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the rates and numbers were used to evaluate the global burden of CND. Temporal trends in the burden of CND were examined using Joinpoint analysis and average annual percentage changes. To assess health inequality, the slope index was used. RESULTS: In 2019, 52 million new cases of CND and 105,000 deaths related to CND were recorded. Additionally, 435 million prevalence cases and 26 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were recorded in the same year. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence rate of CND generally increased globally, except for the years 2010-2017; conversely, the prevalence, death and DALY rates exhibited decreasing trends over the study period. Half of the analysed regions and countries/territories demonstrated decreasing trends in the incidence, prevalence, death and DALY rates associated with CND. The incidence and prevalence of CND remained high in low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) and low-SDI regions; however, they exhibited decreasing trends over the 30-year study period. The slope indexes showed that there were no significant changes in SDI-related inequality over 30 years. CONCLUSIONS: Despite decreasing trends in the prevalence, death and DALY rates associated with CND over the three decades, the degree of inequality related to SDI in the burden of nutritional deficiencies has not shown a significant decline. In summary, CND remain a major public health burden in middle-SDI and low-SDI countries.

The effectiveness of live music intervention on psychological distress among adolescent and young adult patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of live music to decrease psychological distress in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHOD: A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Sixty patients undergoing HSCT were divided into two groups, receiving either 4 week of live music (n = 31) or standard care (n = 29). Psychological distress, anxiety, the severity of symptom clusters and symptom interference were measured. RESULTS: When compared with the immediately and 1 month after intervention, patients in LM intervention group had significantly lower psychological distress and anxiety level than wait-list group. AYA undergoing HSCT reported significantly milder general symptom cluster and neurological symptom cluster at T3 than at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Live music intervention showed a positive effect on relieving psychological distress and anxiety in AYA patients undergoing HSCT. However, further researches are warranted to explore the effects of live music intervention on symptom cluster.

Oxyanion Engineering on RuO2 for Efficient Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

In proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), the anode oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts rely heavily on the expensive and scarce iridium-based materials. Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) with lower price and higher OER activity, has been explored for the similar task, but has been restricted by the poor stability. Herein, we developed an anion modification strategy to improve the OER performance of RuO2 in acidic media. The designed multicomponent catalyst based on sulfate anchored on RuO2/MoO3 displays a low overpotential of 190 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and stably operates for 500 hours with a very low degradation rate of 20 µV h-1. When assembled in a PEMWE cell, this catalyst as an anode shows an excellent stability at 500 mA cm-2 for 150 h. Experimental and theoretical results revealed that MoO3 could stabilize sulfate anion on RuO2 surface to suppress its leaching during OER. Such MoO3-anchored sulfate not only reduces the formation energy of *OOH intermediate on RuO2, but also impedes both the surface Ru and lattice oxygen loss, thereby achieving the high OER activity and exceptional durability.

Smoking Susceptibility and Trends Among Nonsmoking Adolescents: An International Study.

OBJECTIVES: Smoking susceptibility is defined as a lack of firm decision against smoking, usually starts in the preparation and/or initiation stages of smoking behavior, and is a strong predictor of smoking experimentation during adolescence. However, the recent global prevalence and trends in smoking susceptibility among adolescents are not well documented. This study assessed global smoking susceptibility and secular trends among nonsmoking adolescents. METHODS: Smoking susceptibility was analyzed using the most recent data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey from 129 countries, where the data from each country were drawn from at least 1 survey conducted at any time between 1999 and 2020. Moreover, data from 82 countries were used to assess the average annual rate of change (AARC) in smoking susceptibility over time. RESULTS: Smoking susceptibility among nonsmoking adolescents was 19.6%. A U-shaped relationship was observed between susceptibility and a country's economic level. Most countries showed no changes in susceptibility over time. Countries with a significant upward trend in susceptibility were primarily high-income and upper middle-income countries in the American region. At the World Health Organization regional level, susceptibility significantly decreased in the European region (AARC: -3.5%; 95% confidence interval, -5.8 to -0.8); however, it significantly increased in the American region (AARC: 2.2%; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.1). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking susceptibility remains a serious public health challenge among adolescents worldwide. More public health policies are needed to reduce susceptibility and to control its upward trend in the American region and high-income countries.

SLC38A2 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by promoting glutamine metabolism in adenomyosis.

Adenomyosis is a benign uterine disorder that is associated with female infertility, a reduced clinical pregnancy rate and a high risk of miscarriage. Solute carrier family 38 member a2 (SLC38A2) is a glutamine (Gln) transporter that serves roles in various medical conditions. The present study aimed to reveal the role of SLC38A2 in adenomyosis. The mRNA expression levels of SLC38A2 in eutopic endometrial (EU) and ectopic endometrial (EC) tissues from adenomyotic patients were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. EU and EC cell proliferation and invasion were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays. Changes in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were determined to indicate the mitochondrial respiratory function and observed using a Seahorse analyzer. SLC38A2 expression in EC tissues was upregulated compared with that in normal endometrial tissues. SLC38A2 knockdown repressed EC cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, the Gln content and OCR were decreased in EC cells transfected with SLC38A2-knockdown lentivirus, whereas SLC38A2 overexpression had the opposite effect in EU cells. Furthermore, the increased proliferation and invasion rates and Gln level induced by SLC38A2 overexpression in EU cells were alleviated by CB-839, a glutaminase inhibitor. SLC38A2 overexpression promoted Gln metabolism and oxygen consumption rate, resulting in an increase in cell proliferation and invasion in the adenomyosis context. The present study indicated that reduction of SLC38A2 expression could be a novel target for adenomyosis therapy, and SLC38A2 may be a valuable clinical diagnostic molecule for adenomyosis.

Persistently short or long sleep duration increases the risk of sensory impairment in Chinese older adults.

Background: Cross-sectional evidence suggests that persistently short or long sleep duration is associated with sensory impairment. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the associations between sleep duration and altered sleep duration with sensory impairment in Chinese older adults. Methods: Longitudinal data (2008-2014) obtained through the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were analyzed. Sleep duration was classified as normal (7-8 h), short (<7 h), or long (≥9 h). Sensory impairment was assessed using individuals' self-reported data on visual and hearing functions. Cox regression was performed to evaluate the effects of sleep duration and altered sleep duration on sensory impairment, including visual impairment (VI) and hearing impairment (HI). Results: This study included 3,578 older adults (mean age: 78.12 ± 9.59 years). Among them, 2,690 (75.2%) were aged 65-84 years and 1798 (50.3%) were women. The risks of VI (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.29), HI (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00-1.30), and dual sensory impairment (both VI and HI; HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03-1.55) were high in older adults with long sleep duration. In addition, the risks of VI, HI, and dual sensory impairment were high in individuals whose sleep duration changed from normal to short or long (HR: 1.20 [95% CI: 1.02-1.42], 1.26 [95% CI: 1.03-1.53], and 1.54 [95% CI: 1.11-2.12], respectively) and those with persistently short or long sleep duration (HR: 1.25 [95% CI: 1.07-1.46], 1.34 [95% CI: 1.11-1.61], and 1.67 [95% CI: 1.22-2.27], respectively). Conclusion: A prospective association was identified between altered sleep duration and sensory impairment in Chinese older adults. Our findings highlight the importance of optimal sleep duration and healthy sleep habits in preventing sensory impairment in older adults.

Dynamic Changes in Intestinal Gene Expression and Microbiota across Chicken Egg-Laying Stages.

Eggs are a vital dietary component for humans, and it is beneficial to increase egg production to support poultry farming. Initially, the egg production rate rises rapidly with young hens until it reaches its peak, and then it declines gradually. By extending the duration of peak egg production, the hens' performance can be enhanced significantly. Previous studies found dynamic changes in gut microbiota during egg-laying, and several species of microbiota isolated from the chicken gut improved egg-laying performance. However, the interaction between microbes and host gene expression is still unclear. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of chicken egg-laying by examining dynamic alterations in the microbiota of the entire intestinal tract (i.e., duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and gene expression. The microbial community in the intestine underwent significant changes during different egg-laying periods (i.e., pre-, peak-, and late-laying periods). Metagenomic functional analysis showed that the relative abundance of biosynthesis of amino acids, secondary metabolites, and cofactors decreased significantly in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of aging hens. The relative levels of aldosterone, GnRH, insulin, growth hormone, and other hormone-related pathways increased dramatically in the intestinal microbiota during egg-laying, but only in the microbiota located in the duodenum and ileum. Transcriptome analysis suggested that genes associated with various transport processes were upregulated consistently in the small intestine during egg-laying; genes involved in the development of intestinal structure were down-regulated; and genes involved in response to DNA damage and stress were consistent with changes in laying rate. The abundance of Lactobacillus was related to the expression of ANGPTRL1, ANGPTRL2, ANGPT1L, and NOXO1 in the duodenum; Muricomes was correlated significantly with NFKBIZ, LYG2, and IRG1L expression in the jejunum; and Campylobacter was correlated positively with the expression of KMT2A and USF3 in the ileum. These results indicated that the intestinal microbiota and host gene expression may influence egg production jointly.

The value of synthetic magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness.

Background: Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) is a fast, standardized, and robust novel quantitative technique that has the potential to circumvent the subjectivity of interpretation in prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and the limitations of existing MRI quantification techniques. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of SyMRI in the diagnosis and aggressiveness assessment of prostate cancer (PCA). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 309 patients with suspected PCA who had undergone mpMRI and SyMRI, and pathologic results were obtained by biopsy or PCA radical prostatectomy (RP). Pathological types were classified as PCA, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or peripheral zone (PZ) inflammation. According to the Gleason Score (GS), PCA was divided into groups of intermediate-to-high risk (GS ≥4+3) and low-risk (GS ≤3+4). Patients with biopsy-confirmed low-risk PCA were further divided into upgraded and nonupgraded groups based on the GS changes of the RP results. The values of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1, T2 and proton density (PD) of these lesions were measured on ADC and SyMRI parameter maps by two physicians; these values were compared between PCA and BPH or inflammation, between the intermediate-to-high-risk and low-risk PCA groups, and between the upgraded and nonupgraded PCA groups. The risk factors affecting GS grades were identified via univariate analysis. The effects of confounding factors were excluded through multivariate logistic regression analysis, and independent predictive factors were calculated. Subsequently, the ADC+Sy(T2+PD) combined models for predicting PCA risk grade or GS upgrade were constructed through data processing analysis. The diagnostic performance of each parameter and the ADC+Sy(T2+PD) model was analyzed. The calibration curve was calculated by the bootstrapping internal validation method (200 bootstrap resamples). Results: The T1, T2, and PD values of PCA were significantly lower than those of BPH or inflammation (P≤0.001) in both the PZ or transitional zone. Among the 178 patients with PCA, intermediate-to-high-risk PCA group had significantly higher T1, T2, and PD values but lower ADC values compared with the low-risk group (P<0.05), and the diagnostic efficacy of each single parameter was similar (P>0.05). The ADC+Sy(T2+PD) model showed the best performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) 0.110 [AUC =0.818; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.754-0.872] higher than that of ADC alone (AUC =0.708; 95% CI: 0.635-0.774) (P=0.003). Among the 68 patients initially classified as PCA in the low-risk group by biopsy, PCA in the postoperative upgraded GS group had significantly higher T1, T2, and PD values but lower ADC values than did those in the nonupgraded group (P<0.01). In addition, the ADC+Sy(T2+PD) model better predicted the upgrade of GS, with a significant increase in AUC of 0.204 (AUC =0.947; 95% CI: 0.864-0.987) compared with ADC alone (AUC =0.743; 95% CI: 0.622-0.841) (P<0.001). Conclusions: Quantitative parameters (T1, T2, and PD) derived from SyMRI can help differentiate PCA from non-PCA. Combining SyMRI parameters with ADC significantly improved the ability to differentiate between intermediate-to-high risk PCA from low-risk PCA and could predict the upgrade of low-risk PCA as confirmed by biopsy.

MsMYB62-like as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Malus spectabilis.

Crabapple is a valuable tree species in gardens due to its captivating array of flower and leaf colors, rendering it a favored choice in landscaping. The economic and ornamental values of Malus crabapple are closely associated with the biosynthesis of anthocyanin, a pigment responsible for its vibrant hues. The intricate regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis involves the concerted activity of various genes. However, the specific mechanism governing this process in crabapple warrants in-depth exploration. In this study, we explored the inhibitory role of MsMYB62-like in anthocyanin biosynthesis. We identified MsDFR and MsANS as two downstream target genes of MsMYB62-like. These genes encode enzymes integral to the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The findings demonstrate that MsMYB62-like directly binds to the promoters of MsDFR and MsANS, resulting in the downregulation of their expression levels. Additionally, our observations indicate that the plant hormone cytokinins exert a suppressive effect on the expression levels of MsMYB62-like, while concurrently upregulating MsDFR and MsANS. This study reveals that the MsMYB62-like-MsDFR/MsANS module plays an important role in governing anthocyanin levels in Malus crabapple. Notably, the regulatory interplay is modulated by the plant hormone cytokinins.

Association between nutritional literacy and nutrition label use in Chinese community residents.

Introduction: Nutritional literacy (NL) has a critical influence on food choices. The objective of the present study was to examine the association of NL with nutrition label use. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bengbu, China. In total, 955 adults were interviewed using a questionnaire designed for the present study to collect information on demographics, lifestyle, nutrition label use, and NL. Binary logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for nutrition label use and its predictive variables. Results: In total, 40.4% of the participants reported looking at nutrition label when purchasing prepackaged foods. NL was significantly positively associated with nutrition label use and specifically with checking nutrition facts table, purported nutrition benefits and purported health benefits. In terms of specific facets of NL, nutrition knowledge, applying skills, and critical skills were associated with nutrition label use. After stratification by monthly income and education, the association between NL and nutrition label use was discovered only in individuals with low monthly income. Additionally, nutrition knowledge was associated with nutrition label use only in adults with high education level, whereas applying skills were associated with nutrition label use only in those with low education level. Conclusion: The use of nutrition label remains low among Chinese community residents, especially the purported nutritional benefits and purported health benefits. NL is positively associated with nutrition label use, especially with respect to functional and critical NL, with differences based on socioeconomic status. The findings highlight the need for NL interventions targeting individuals with different levels of education and income to encourage use of nutrition label in China.

DcR3-associated risk score: correlating better prognosis and enhanced predictive power in colorectal cancer.

Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a novel soluble protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, has been previously associated with tumorigenesis in various cancers. However, in our study, we unexpectedly found that DcR3 may promote patient survival time in colorectal cancer (CRC). Through an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, we discovered that high levels of DcR3 are associated with improved overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in CRC patients. Further investigation revealed that DcR3 is correlated with favorable clinical features in Metastasis 0 (M0) and stage I/II CRC patients, suggesting it may act as a suppressive factor in CRC. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the high DcR3 group is enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway and other immune-related pathways, and Single Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) revealed a higher abundance of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) in the DcR3 high group. To better understand the function of DcR3, we constructed a DcR3-associated riskscore (DARS) model using machine learning, comprising three genes (DPP7, KDM3A, and TMEM86B). The DARS model indicated that high riskscore patients have an unfavorable prognosis, and it is associated with advanced stages (III/IV), T3/4 tumors, and N1/2 lymph node involvement. Additionally, high riskscore group exhibited more frequent gene mutations, such as TTN, MUC16, and SYNE1, with SYNE1 mutation being related to poor prognosis. Intriguingly, DcR3 showed higher expression in the low riskscore group. These results suggest that DcR3 could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in CRC and may play a crucial role in favorably modulating the immune response in this malignancy.

Early signs of neurodegenerative diseases: Possible mechanisms and targets for Golgi stress.

The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in mediating the modification, transport, and sorting of intracellular proteins and lipids. The morphological changes occurring in the Golgi apparatus are exceptionally important for maintaining its function. When exposed to external pressure or environmental stimulation, the Golgi apparatus undergoes adaptive changes in both structure and function, which are known as Golgi stress. Although certain signal pathway responses or post-translational modifications have been observed following Golgi stress, further research is needed to comprehensively summarize and understand the related mechanisms. Currently, there is evidence linking Golgi stress to neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of Golgi stress in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease remains largely unexplored. This review focuses on the structural and functional alterations of the Golgi apparatus during stress, elucidating potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of Golgi stress in regulating immunity, autophagy, and metabolic processes. Additionally, it highlights the pivotal role of Golgi stress as an early signaling event implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, this study summarizes prospective targets that can be therapeutically exploited to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases by targeting Golgi stress. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for identifying novel breakthroughs in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.

Characterization of aroma-active compounds in sesame hulls at different roasting temperatures by SAFE and GC-O-MS.

The study characterized the aroma-active compounds produced by sesame hulls at three roasting temperatures and analyzed the similarities and differences in the aroma profile of sesame hulls with whole seeds and kernels after roasting. Roasting hulls produced mainly furans, aldehydes, and ketones volatiles. 140 Compounds were identified as aroma-active compounds, including 36 key aroma compounds (odor activity value, OAV ≥ 1). Among them, furanone (caramel-like, OAV = 80), 3-methylbutanal (fruity, OAV = 124), and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (burnt, smoky, OAV = 160) gave hulls (180 °C) sweet, burnt, and smoky aroma. Due to the contribution of vanillin (fatty, sweet milk, OAV = 45), 2-hydroxy-3-butanone (caramel-like, roast, OAV = 46), and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (OAV = 78), hulls (200 °C) shown strong sweet and roast note. These results identified compounds that contributed significantly to the aroma of sesame hulls and elucidated the contribution of sesame hulls to the flavor of roasted whole seeds and sesame oil.

[Clinical efficacy of double-bundle and double-tunnel enhanced reconstruction in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of double beam double tunnel enhanced reconstruction technique in the treatment of knee anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) training injuries. METHODS: Twenty-nine cases of ACL injury of knee joint from January 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All the cases were underwent ligament reconstruction surgery. Cases were grouped by surgical technique:there were 14 patients in conventional reconstruction group, including 13 males and 1 female, aged from 22 to 31 years old with an average of (27.07±7.28) years old, autogenous hamstring tendon was used for ligament reconstruction. There were 15 patients in the enhanced reconstruction group, including 13 males and 2 females, aged from 25 to 34 years old with an average of (29.06±4.23) years old, double tunnel ligament reconstruction, the autogenous hamstring muscle was used as the anteromedial bundle, and the posterolateral bundle was replaced by a high-strength line. The difference between knee tibial anterior distance, Lysholm score, International Knee Literature Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Tegner motor level score and visual analog scale (VAS) at 6th and 12th months after the surgery, limb symmetry index (LSI) were recorded at the last follow-up and surgery-related adverse effects during follow-up. RESULTS: All patients were followed up, ranged from 13 to 15 months with an average of (13.7±0.8) months. There were no serious adverse reactions related to surgery during the period. There was no statistical difference between the preoperative general data and the observation index of the two groups (P>0.05). The difference in tibial anterior distance at 6 and 12 months in the enhanced reconstruction group (1.45±0.62) mm and (1.74±0.78) mm which were lower those that in the conventional reconstruction group (2.42±0.60) mm and (2.51±0.63) mm(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative Lysholm score, Tegner motor level score, IKDC score, VAS, and limb symmetry index at the last follow-up(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The enhanced reconstruction technique can more effectively maintain the stability of the knee joint and has no significant effect on the postoperative knee joint function compared with the traditional ligament reconstruction technique. The short-term curative effect is satisfactory, and it is suitable for the group with high sports demand.

Effects of different precursors on the structure of lignin-based biochar and its ability to adsorb benzopyrene from sesame oil.

Agricultural by-products of sesame are promising bioresources in food processing. This study extracted lignin from the by-products of sesame oil production, namely, the capsules and straw of black and white sesame. Using acid, alkali, and ethanol methods, 12 distinct lignins were obtained to prepare biochar, aiming to investigate both the structural characteristics of lignin-based biochar (LBB) and its ability to remove benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) from sesame oil. The results showed that white sesame straw was the most suitable raw material for preparing biochar. In terms of the preparation method, acid-extracted lignin biochar was more effective in removing BaP than alkaline or ethanol methods. Notably, WS-1LB (white sesame straw acid-extracted lignin biochar) exhibited the highest BaP adsorption efficiency (91.44 %) and the maximum specific surface area (1065.8187 m2/g), characterized by porous structures. The pseudo 2nd and Freundlich models were found to be the best fit for the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of BaP on LBB, respectively, suggesting that a multilayer adsorption process was dominant. The high adsorption of LBB mainly resulted from pore filling. This study provides an economical and highly efficient biochar adsorbent for the removal of BaP in oil.