Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of QMix 2in1 as a final irrigant: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: It is known that no specific antifungal agent exists at present for irrigation of infected root canals. QMix 2in1 was investigated to determine whether they could be an alternative for sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal efficacy of QMix 2in1, 5.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX, and 17% EDTA as a final rinse against Candida albicans (C. albicans). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into four experimental (n = 20) and two control (n = 5) groups. All root canals were instrumented with Mtwo rotary file system using crown-down technique to an apical size 40. Following root canal preparation, teeth were inoculated with C. albicans and incubated for 72 h. Teeth were irrigated with one of the following solutions as a final irrigant: (1) 5.25% NaOCl, (2) 2% CHX, (3) QMix 2in1, and (4) 17% EDTA. Aliquots from the samples were plated on 4% Sabouraud Agar, and colony-forming units were counted. RESULTS: QMix 2in1, 5.25% NaOCl, and 2% CHX were equally effective (P > 0.05) and significantly superior to 17% EDTA in eradicating C. albicans (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: QMix 2in1 proved to be effective against C. albicans when used as a final rinse. According to the findings of the present study, QMix 2in1 may be recommended as an alternative final rinse solution.

[Effects of posterior tibial slope on non-contact anterior cruciate ligament rupture and stability of anterior cruciate ligament rupture knee].

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively explore the correlation between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-ruptured knees, stability of ACL-rupture knee and posterior tibial slope (PTS). METHODS: From January 2008 to October 2012, 150 knees with ACL rupture underwent arthroscopic surgery for ACL reconstruction. A control group was established for subjects undergoing arthroscopic surgery without ACL rupture during the same period. PTS was measured on a digitalized lateral radiograph. Lachman and mechanized pivot shift tests were performed for assessing the stability of knee. RESULTS: There was significant difference (P = 0.007) in PTS angle between the patients with ACL rupture (9.5 ± 2.2 degrees) and the control group (6.6 ± 1.8 degrees). Only among females, increased slope of tibial plateau had effect on the Lachman test. There was a higher positive rate of pivot shift test in patients of increased posterior slope in the ACL rupture group. CONCLUSION: Increased posterior tibial slope (>6.6) appears to contribute to non-contact ACL injuries in females. And the changes of tibial slope have no effect upon the Lachman test. However, large changes in tibial slope affect pivot shift.

Treatment of an avulsed maxillary permanent central incisor by autotransplantation of a primary canine tooth.

AIM: To present a case in which an avulsed permanent maxillary central incisor was replaced by autotransplantation of a primary canine tooth. SUMMARY: The present case describes transplantation of a primary canine tooth into the space left by an avulsed permanent maxillary central incisor after a delay of several days. After root canal treatment, the primary canine tooth was extracted and placed into the prepared socket. To provide better adaptation of the donor tooth, the recipient alveolar site was remodeled using surgical burs. Semi-rigid splinting was maintained for 15 days. The crown of the primary canine was reshaped with composite resin and with an interim prosthesis, preventing movement of the lateral incisor tooth into the space of the transplanted canine. After 24-month follow-up the autotransplanted primary canine showed ankylosis but the tooth was in an acceptable state. The use of permanent tooth autotransplantation has been well documented. However a literature search revealed only one case report on the autotransplantation of primary teeth. KEY LEARNING POINTS: Long term results of primary tooth autotransplantation are scarce but the procedure in this case report could be considered as a temporary space maintainer for the treatment of a patient with a lost permanent incisor under 10 years of age. Success of primary tooth autotransplantation may be affected by several factors, such as case selection, extra oral time, surgical and endodontic procedures.

Histologic and clinical outcome after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for the regression of Barrett's esophagus in gastroesophageal reflux disease remains controversial. The aim of this study, therefore, was to review endoscopic findings and clinical changes after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease, particularly for patients with Barrett's esophagus. METHODS: From September 1995 through June 2004, 127 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. All the patients had clinical and endoscopic follow-up evaluation. We further analyzed the course of 37 consecutive patients with Barrett's esophagus (29% of all laparoscopic fundoplications performed in our institution) using endoscopic surveillance with appropriate biopsies and histologic evaluation. The median follow-up period for all the patients after fundoplication was 34 months (range, 3-108 months). The median follow-up period for the patients with Barrett's esophagus was 19 months (range, 3-76 months). RESULTS: During the 9-year period, 70 women (55 %) and 57 (45%) men were treated with laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. The median age of these patients was 42 years (range, 7-81 years). The clinical results were considered excellent for 67 patients (53%), good for 51 patients (40%), fair for 7 patients (6%), and poor for 2 patients (1%). Endoscopic surveillance showed regression of the macroscopic columnar segment in 23 patients with Barrett's esophagus (62%). Regression at a histopathologic level occurred for 15 patients (40%). The histopathology remained unchanged for 14 patients with Barrett's esophagus (38%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication effectively controls intestinal metaplasia and clinical symptoms in the majority of patients with Barrett's esophagus.

Usage of white mineral trioxide aggregate in a non-vital primary molar with no permanent successor.

The aim of this study was to present the treatment and long-term follow-up of a case in which white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) was used in the pulpectomy of a non-vital primary molar with no permanent successor. The physiological, aesthetic and functional consequences of treating primary teeth without permanent successors makes this a unique challenge. In the present case, WMTA was used in the pulpectomy of a primary molar with no permanent successor in an 8-year-old child. The treatment was considered successful. Follow-up examinations showed that root resorption in the mesial root surface, with no infra-occlusion or ankylosis 36 months after treatment. WMTA may be considered as an alternative pulpectomy material for non-vital primary teeth with no permanent successors, although long-term clinical studies are still needed.