RESUMO
Survival for patients with multiple myeloma has significantly improved in the last decade in large part due to the development of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs. These next generation agents with novel mechanisms of action as well as targeted therapies are being used both in the preclinical and clinical settings for patients with myeloma. These agents include monoclonal antibodies, deacetylase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, agents affecting various signaling pathways, immune check point inhibitors, and other targeted therapies. In some cases, off target effects of these therapies can lead to unanticipated effects on the kidney that can range from electrolyte disorders to AKI. In this review, we discuss the nephrotoxicities of novel agents currently in practice as well as in development for the treatment of myeloma.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Fatores Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteassoma/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Bortezomib/efeitos adversos , Everolimo/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Imidazóis/efeitos adversos , Indóis/efeitos adversos , Lenalidomida , Nivolumabe , Oligopeptídeos/efeitos adversos , Oximas/efeitos adversos , Sulfonamidas/efeitos adversos , Talidomida/efeitos adversos , Talidomida/análogos & derivados , VemurafenibRESUMO
Paraprotein-related kidney disease represents a complex group of diseases caused by an abnormal paraprotein secreted by a clone of B cells. The disease manifestations range from tubulopathies, such as the Fanconi syndrome, to a spectrum of glomerular diseases that can present with varying degrees of proteinuria and renal dysfunction. Diagnosis of these diseases can be challenging because of the wide range of manifestations as well as the relatively common finding of a serum paraprotein, especially in elderly patients. Thus, renal biopsy along with detailed hematologic workup is essential to link the presence of the paraprotein to the associated renal disease. Recent advances in treatment with more effective and targeted chemotherapies, as well as stem cell transplantation, have improved the renal and overall prognosis for many of these disorders.