Metallothionein gene expression is altered in oral cancer and may predict metastasis and patient outcomes.

AIMS: Metallothioneins (MTs) are proteins associated with the carcinogenesis and prognosis of various tumours. Previous studies have shown their potential as biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Aiming to understand more clearly the function of MTs in OSCC we evaluated, for the first time, the gene expression profile of MTs in this neoplasm. MATERIALS AND RESULTS: Tissue samples from 35 cases of tongue and/or floor of mouth OSCC, paired with their corresponding non-neoplastic oral mucosa (NNOM), were retrieved (2007-09). All tissues were analysed for the following genes using TaqMan(®) reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays: MT1A, MT1B, MT1E, MT1F, MT1G, MT1H, MT1X, MT2A, MT3 and MT4. The expression of MT1B and MT1H was seldom detected in both OSCC and NNOM. A significant loss of MT1A, MT1X, MT3 and MT4 expression and gain of MT1F expression was observed in OSCC, compared to NNOM. Cases with MT1G down-regulation exhibited the worst prognoses. The up-regulation of MT1X was restricted to non-metastatic cases, whereas up-regulation of MT3 was related to cases with lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Metallothionein mRNA expression is altered significantly in oral squamous cell carcinomas. The expression of MT1G, MT1X and MT3 may aid in the prognostic discrimination of OSCC cases.

Assessment of angiogenesis by CD105 antigen in epithelial salivary gland neoplasms with diverse metastatic behavior.

BACKGROUND: Information on the biology of metastasis development in salivary gland tumors is scarce. Since angiogenesis seems associated with this phenomenon in other tumors, we sought to compare salivary gland tumors with diverse metastatic behavior in order to improve the knowledge and management of these lesions. METHODS: Samples from the most important salivary gland tumors were segregated according to its metastatic behavior and submitted to routine immunohistochemistry to identify vessels positive for CD105 expression. Frequency of positive cases and intratumoral microvessel density (IMD) was compared among the group of lesions. RESULTS: CD105 positive vessels were absent in normal salivary gland tissue, were rare in pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), more common in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas and highest in mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Only ACC with such feature were metastatic. IMD was higher in malignant rather than benign tumors. CONCLUSION: Immunostaining of CD105 in salivary gland tumors implies participation of angiogenesis in the development of malignant lesions, as well as some role for myoepithelial cells in the control of new vessel formation. In addition, suggest that ACC with positive CD105 vessels are at higher risk for metastasis.

Squamous cell carcinoma at maxillary sinus: clinicopathologic data in a single Brazilian institution with review of literature.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising at maxillary sinus is a rare neoplasm, characterized by aggressive growth pattern and glooming prognosis. There are no studies describing specifically its epidemiology in the South America. The aim of the current paper is to characterize a Brazilian maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma sample and to compare such data with others worldwide relevant series. The records of the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (1997-2006) were gathered and plotted. Additionally, an extensive literature review was carry out using electronic database (PUBMED/MEDLINE and LILACS) over a period of 54 years. A descriptive statistics and univariate survival test (log rank) were employed. Maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignancy of sinonasal epithelium found. It affected mainly mid-age white men and most of them were diagnosed at advanced stage. Surgery combined with radiotherapy was the most therapeutic modalities given. The overall mortality rate in our sample was of 65.5%. Overall 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rate was 57.9%, 44.8%, and 17.7%, respectively. Maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive tumor normally diagnosed at the advanced stage and most patients present an unfavorable prognosis and reduced survival rate.

Proliferating trichilemmal tumor: case report / Tumor triquilemal proliferante: relato de caso

ABSTRACT The proliferating trichilemmal tumor is a lesion with trichilemmal differentiation, more common occurring among elderly women; it affects the scalp with sizes ranging from 2-10 cm. Microscopically, it is solid-cystic, well-defined, affecting the dermis and the subcutaneous cellular tissue. It presents trichilemmal and squamous keratinization. Pleomorphism may be present. Ghosts, apocrine and spindle cells can be observed. The differential diagnosis should be performed with malignant trichilemmal tumor and squamous cell carcinoma. Their behavior is benign and complete resection is recommended. Our goal is to report a case of proliferating trichilemmal tumor.

RESUMO O tumor triquilemal proliferante é uma lesão com diferenciação triquilemal, mais frequente em mulheres idosas; acomete o couro cabeludo, com tamanho variando de 2 cm a 10 cm. Microscopicamente, é sólido-cístico, bem delimitado, comprometendo a derme e o tecido celular subcutâneo. Apresenta ceratinização triquilemal e escamosa. Pleomorfismo pode estar presente. Células fantasmas, apócrinas e fusiformes podem ser observadas. O diagnóstico diferencial deve ser feito com o tumor triquilemal maligno e o carcinoma de células escamosas. O seu comportamento é benigno, sendo recomendada a ressecção completa. Nosso objetivo é relatar um caso de tumor triquilemal proliferante.

Accuracy of intraoperative consultation in lesions of the salivary glands: analysis of 748 cases / Acurácia da consulta intraoperatória em lesões das glândulas salivares: análise de 748 casos

Introduction: Lesions of the salivary glands are uncommon, representing 2% to 6.5% of all neoplasms of head and neck, and because of the difference in treatment between them, an accurate diagnosis is essential. The cytological study by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is a highly accurate method used to diagnose lesions of the salivary glands. Intraoperative consultation (IOC), in its turn, is a test that provides diagnosis during surgery, aiming to differentiate malignant from benign lesions and to enable the most appropriate surgical approach. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of IOC in salivary gland lesions. Material and methods: A survey was conducted in the database of Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Inca) into IOC for diagnosis of salivary gland lesions from January 2001 to December 2012, and found 748 cases. Diagnosis made at IOC (IOCD) was compared with the gold standard histopathological diagnosis and classified into: 1) consenting; 2) discordant; and 3) indeterminate. From these data, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated. Results: Among the 748 IOCs, results were concordant in 656 cases (88%), discordant in 56 (7%), and indeterminate in 36 (5%). Sensitivity was 78%, specificity 99% and accuracy 92%. Conclusion: Our results indicate that IOC in salivary gland lesions is highly accurate and can contribute to the surgical approach. .

Introdução: As lesões das glândulas salivares são incomuns, representando de 2% a 6,5% de todas as neoplasias da região da cabeça e do pescoço. Devido à diferença de tratamento entre elas, é fundamental um diagnóstico preciso. O estudo citológico por meio de punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) é um método com alta acurácia utilizado para o diagnóstico das lesões das glândulas salivares; já a consulta intraoperatória (CIO) é um exame que oferece o diagnóstico no decorrer da cirurgia, tendo como objetivo diferenciar as lesões malignas das benignas e possibilitar a conduta cirúrgica mais adequada. Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia da CIO nas lesões das glândulas salivares realizadas em uma instituição. Material e métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa sobre as CIOs realizadas para diagnóstico nas lesões das glândulas salivares no Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Inca) no período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2012, sendo encontrados 748 casos. Os diagnósticos de CIO foram comparados com o diagnóstico histopatológico (DHP), considerado padrão-ouro, e classificados em: 1) concordantes, 2) discordantes e 3) indeterminados. A partir desses dados, foram calculadas sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia. Resultados: Das 748 CIOs realizadas, os resultados foram concordantes em 656 casos (88%), discordantes em 56 (7%) e indeterminados em 36 (5%). A sensibilidade foi de 78%; a especificidade, de 99%; e a acurácia, de 92%. Conclusão: Nossos resultados indicam que a CIO em lesões das glândulas salivares tem alta acurácia, podendo contribuir para a conduta cirúrgica. .

Accuracy of intraoperative consultation in thyroid nodules: analysis of 2,040 cases performed at Instituto Nacional de Câncer in 12 years / Acurácia da consulta intraoperatória nos nódulos da tireoide: análise de 2.040 casos realizados no Instituto Nacional de Câncer em 12 anos

ABSTRACTIntroduction:The thyroid nodule is the most common clinical manifestation of thyroid diseases, and, among the procedures for its diagnosis, cytological examination is the most used. Due to the high accuracy of cytological examination, the value of intraoperative consultation (IOC) has become a matter of controversy. IOC is one of the most important and difficult procedures that a pathologist adopts, enabling the patient to be diagnosed, treated and staged in the same intervention.Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of IOC in thyroid at Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Inca).Methods:This study analyzed IOC in thyroid held in Inca from January 2001 to December 2012. The IOC diagnosis was compared with the histopathologic diagnosis, considered the gold standard, and was classified as concordant, discordant and indeterminate. From these data we calculated sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.Results:Among the 2,040 held IOCs, diagnoses were concordant in 1,770 cases (87%), discordant in 45 (2%) and indeterminate in 225 (11%). Among the 1,770 concordant cases, 1,252 (61%) were true negative, and 518 (25%), true positive. Among the 45 discordant cases, 38 (2%) were false negative, and seven (0,3%), false positive. The test sensitivity was 0.94%, specificity of 0.99% and accuracy of 0.97%.Conclusion:Our results indicate that IOC in thyroid is a highly accurate test, contributing to the surgical conduct.

RESUMOIntrodução:O nódulo tireoidiano é a manifestação clínica mais comum de doenças da tireoide, e entre os procedimentos para o seu diagnóstico, o exame citológico é o mais usado devido à alta acurácia. Como consequência, o valor da consulta intraoperatória (CIO) tornou-se motivo de controvérsia. A CIO é um dos mais importantes e difíceis procedimentos que o patologista utiliza. Ela possibilita que o paciente seja diagnosticado, tratado e estadiado em uma mesma intervenção.Objetivo:O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a acurácia da CIO em tireoide no Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Inca).Métodos:Este estudo analisou as CIOs em tireoide realizadas no Inca no período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2012. O diagnóstico delas foi comparado com o diagnóstico histopatológico, considerado o padrão ouro, e foi classificado em: concordante, discordante e indeterminado. A partir desses dados, foram calculadas a sensibilidade, a especificidade e a acurácia.Resultados e conclusão:Das 2.040 CIOs realizadas, os diagnósticos foram concordantes em 1.770 casos (87%), discordantes em 45 (2%) e indeterminados em 225 (11%). Dos 1.770 casos concordantes, 1.252 (61%) foram verdadeiros negativos e 518 (25%), verdadeiros positivos. Dos 45 casos discordantes, 38 (2%) foram falsos negativos e sete, falsos positivos (0,3%). A sensibilidade do exame foi de 0,94%; a especificidade, de 0,99%; e a acurácia, de 0,97%. Nossos resultados indicam que a CIO em tireoide é um exame de alta acurácia, o que contribui para a conduta cirúrgica.