RESUMO
Sickle cell osteomyelitis is usually due to Salmonella or Staphylococcal etiology. Pseudomonas as a cause of sickle cell osteomyelitis is rare. Similarly, pyomyositis is a rare complication in children with sickle cell disease and few cases have been reported, predominantly due to Staphylococcus. We describe an 8-year-old boy who presented with high-grade fever and tender, swollen left thigh. There was a history of intramuscular injections in the left thigh. He also had severe anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and laboratory evidence of hemolysis. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed sickle ß-thalassemia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the left thigh showed evidence of osteomyelitis with pyomyositis. Surgical drainage of the pus was done and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics for 8 weeks. The child had a protracted course of illness with development of pathologic fracture of the femur. Clinicians need to be aware of Pseudomonas infection as a complication in children with sickle cell disease, as this affects therapeutic decisions, including the choice of antibiotics.