A Teaching Strategy to Facilitate Nursing Students' Translation of Global Health Learning from Classroom to the Community.

Integrating global health concepts in nursing curricula is important for a competent contemporary global nursing workforce. This article describes a teaching strategy that facilitates students' translation of global health content from classroom to the community. A community-academic partnership and a train-the-trainers' approach to support community capacity for working with refugees was implemented. The Community-As-A Partner model was used as the guiding framework. Additionally, the DEAL model was used to support students' reflections on their clinical experiences. A quiz, reflections, participant evaluations, and student peer evaluations were used to assess students' clinical learning experiences. Key lessons learned are also presented.

Community Stakeholders' Perceptions of the Role of Family in HIV Prevention in Iringa, Tanzania.

Although HIV is identified as a family disease, the overall response to the global HIV epidemic continues to predominantly focus on individuals. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how the role of the family in HIV prevention is perceived by community-based stakeholders. Understanding the role of the family within the context of the HIV/AIDS is essential for community/public health nurses. In total, 34 stakeholders participated in the study. Three major categories were identified namely: fostering positive intra-familial relations, utilizing external resources, and barriers to family roles. The study findings have implications for community-based HIV family interventions.

Coping with colorectal cancer: a qualitative exploration with patients and their family members.

BACKGROUND: Extensive family coping research has been conducted among breast cancer, prostate cancer and melanoma with lesser emphasis on the coping experiences of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their family members. OBJECTIVE: To examine ways in which patients and their family members cope with the diagnosis of CRC. METHODS: A total of 73 participants (21 patients, 52 family members) from 23 families described their experiences during and after a CRC diagnosis, including their coping experiences with the diagnosis. Data from semi-structured interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed utilizing content analysis with inductive coding methods. RESULTS: Eight major themes were identified: positive reframing, holding on to a sense of normalcy, religion and spirituality, joining a group, creating awareness of CRC, lifestyle change, seeking information and alternative treatments. Maintaining an emotional sense of normalcy through positive thinking, engaging in activities to take one's mind off the diagnosis and believing that there is a higher authority which has control over the diagnosis and life were vital for the patients and their family members. Patients and family members used similar coping strategies. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study have implications for understanding how families blend emotion-based and problem-focused coping strategies in the face of a CRC diagnosis. Further developing evidence-based interventions that target coping and well-being in cancer patients and extending them to family members is necessary and holds great promise for providers who care for patients with familial cancers.

Multi-level barriers to early detection of breast cancer among rural midlife women in Tanzania: A qualitative case study.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality among women in Tanzania and thus, early detection and treatment methods are central to improving breast cancer outcomes. However, in low- and middle-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, the survival rates remains low due to late presentation. Hence, a significant number of deaths could be prevented if barriers and facilitators to early detection are known. PURPOSE: This qualitative case descriptive study explored the possible barriers to awareness and early breast cancer diagnostic services among midlife women in rural Tanzania. METHODS: Ten key informant interviews with health systems managers and community health workers and eight focus group discussions with women aged 40-65 years and their spouses were conducted to elicit the study data conducted from July to August 2021. RESULTS: The data revealed nine themes describing the barriers to early detection methods across five Socio-Ecological levels of influence, namely: 1) limited knowledge and 2) witchcraft beliefs (individual level); 3) limited male support (interpersonal level); 4) age and gender factors and 5) procrastination (community level) 6) limited availability of services 7) emphasis of curative over preventive care (institutional level); 8) poverty/inability to pay and 9) limitations of health insurance (societal/policy level). CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest a need to further the design, implementation and evaluation of evidence-based community breast health awareness and education interventions to promote early detection of breast cancer in Tanzania. Specifically, the study highlights the need to address multiple level determinants of influence in breast cancer control as part of the country's Community Health Strategy.

A discussion of HIV/AIDS family interventions: implications for family-focused nursing practice.

AIM: This article presents a discussion on the role of family interventions in HIV/AIDS disease prevention and care. BACKGROUND: Although HIV/AIDS epidemic and its impact on the society traditionally has been measured in terms of individual risk behaviours and individual-level HIV prevention, HIV/AIDS family-focused prevention and management strategies are increasingly becoming a priority. However, little is known as to what constitutes a HIV/AIDS family intervention. DATA SOURCES: The search was limited to English and published literature starting in the year 1983 to date. CINAHL and PubMed were emphasized using a combination of text words and subject headings. Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Scopus, and the ISI Web of Science databases were also searched using keywords and in the case of PsycInfo, subject headings were used. The main keywords were 'nurse', or 'nursing', 'HIV/AIDS', 'family interventions', 'family support' and 'family education', and/or 'family subsystems'. DISCUSSION: The process of theorizing about 'family interventions' and 'HIV/AIDS-family interventions' is critical for putting forth essential components unique for designing culturally specific HIV/AIDS family interventions. In addition, any proposed design of HIV/AIDS family intervention should consider the impact of HIV/AIDS on the family across the family life span, disease trajectory, and from an interdisciplinary perspective. CONCLUSION: Training needs of family nurses should be met when designing multidisciplinary HIV/AIDS-FIs. Furthermore, nurses should be proactive in advocating for HIV/AIDS family intervention and HIV/AIDS family policies to improve outcomes in family functioning, processes, and relationships. More needs to be done in regard to research on families, family interventions, effectiveness, and cost of family-focused approaches.

HIV disclosure among HIV positive individuals: a concept analysis.

AIM: This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of HIV disclosure. BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest among healthcare providers and researchers in HIV disclosure as an effective HIV prevention and early disease management initiative. However, the concept still remains unclear. Conceptual clarity is important for providing an expanded theoretical definition and understanding of attributes of HIV disclosure. This information is useful in constructing better HIV disclosure measures in HIV/AIDS nursing practice and research. DATA SOURCES: A computer search of the following databases was conducted to capture the meaning and processes of HIV disclosure among HIV-positive individuals: PubMed, CINAHL and PSYCINFO. Only English language journals were used. Publication dates of the literature review ranged from 1999 to 2009. The following key words were used: HIV disclosure, self-disclosure, disclosure and serostatus disclosure. METHODS: The Walker and Avant (2005) concept analysis model (Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing, Pearson Prentice Hall, River, NJ, 2005) was used to guide the analysis process, which was completed in 2009. RESULTS: The concept analysis revealed that HIV disclosure is a complex process characterized by the following attributes: experiencing an event, communicating something, timing, and contextual environment, protecting someone, relationship status and improving something or being therapeutic. In addition, the process of HIV disclosure varies across time. CONCLUSION: The proposed HIV disclosure attributes provide nursing scholars and researchers with new directions on how to reframe research questions, develop measurement tools to reflect better the diversity and fluidity of the process of HIV disclosure among HIV-positive individuals. Policy implications include the need to develop approaches that protect individual and public rights.

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Attitudes Towards Simulation-Based Learning Scale.

BACKGROUND: Simulation is used in nursing curricula to augment or replace the traditional clinical practice experiences. Studies reported varying attitudes of nursing students to simulation-based learning. The aim of this study was to conduct an exploratory factor analysis of the Attitudes of Nursing Students to Simulation-Based Learning scale to be used to explore the nursing students' attitudes related to simulation. METHOD: Data were collected online from 217 nursing students at a U.S. college of nursing and health from February to May 2015. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed. RESULTS: The results showed that the 17-item scale consisted of two factors: clinical competency and effectiveness of the simulation-based learning. The Cronbach's alpha reliability of the scale was .91 and .90 for factor one and .70 for factor two. CONCLUSION: The new scale can be used to measure nursing students' attitudes toward simulation. [J Nurs Educ. 2017;56(8):471-476.].

The meaning of family nursing intervention: what do acute care nurses think?

Understanding the concept of family nursing intervention from the perspective of practicing nurses is essential for implementing a family-centered approach in the acute care context. Data from this qualitative study were analyzed using a colloquial concept analysis method derived from Rodgers' evolutionary theory. Five main attributes of family nursing interventions were identified. Family nursing interventions were viewed as a time-limited, collaborative process, initiated and/or facilitated by nurses and directed at either the individual or the family to solve problems. The antecedents of family nursing interventions were "family assessment," "the presence of a family-related problem," "willingness to participate (provider and family)" and a "supportive organizational structure." The most common consequences (outcomes) were identified as positive (good) or negative (bad) individual or family-related out-comes following a family nursing intervention. The analysis suggests that family nursing interventions are essential but variable in nature within nursing practice. In addition, the analysis implies a need for further inquiry in diverse settings to define the concept and test relationships between the antecedents and outcomes to advance nurses' translational knowledge of culturally appropriate family nursing interventions.