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BACKGROUND: Nursing education in Iran is one of the disciplines of medical sciences and it needs a design tailored to the community needs in terms of theoretical and clinical approaches. This system is currently faced with various challenges. This study aims to explore the challenges of Iranian nursing education system to address community needs. METHODS: A study was carried out through an exploratory descriptive qualitative design with content analysis method. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants from the nursing society, selected through purposive sampling. The interviews were continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed simultaneous with data collection by using Graneheim & Lundman approach. RESULTS: Based on the interviews and simultaneous analyses, a total of 471 codes, 14 subcategories, six main categories, and two themes were extracted. The first theme, "system structure," consisted of three categories: "the need for ongoing revision of curriculum," "the need to recruit qualified students," and "the need for a proportionate educational environment." The second theme was "the education process" with three categories "the need for purposive educational design," "the need for purposive monitoring and feedback," and "the need for appropriate and early interaction with the community." The participants emphasized the continuous revision of the educational curriculum based on the current needs of the community and community-based nursing education. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the results showed that Iranian nursing education system is faced with many challenges in the educational system structure and processes. It is necessary to make appropriate plans to enhance the status of the educational system structure and develop educational designs to address community needs using a hospital/community-based approach.
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OBJECTIVE: The concept of self-efficacy is a determining factor in many behaviours related to health promotion and health education. Several pilot studies have been conducted in different parts of the world on different populations regarding the impact of training based on the Pender Health Promotion Model on self-efficacy, yielding conflicting results. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted with the aim of evaluating and summarizing the results of studies on the impact of training based on the Pender Health Promotion Model on self-efficacy. DATA SOURCE: MagIran, SID, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and Google Scholar. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Original scientific research articles; Interventional studies; Studies investigating the effects of education based on the Pender Health Promotion Model on self-efficacy; Studies irrelevant to the objective; Cross-sectional studies; case reports; and papers presented in conferences; letters to the editor; systematic and meta-analysis studies. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of the 18 included studies using a pre-prepared checklist for the systematic review and meta-analysis process. DATA SYNTHESIS: We conducted meta-analyses and reported the characteristics, outcomes, and risk of bias of studies. METHODS: The present study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines until December 2022. The quality assessment of the included articles for meta-analysis was performed using the JBI checklist. Heterogeneity of the studies was calculated using the I2 statistics, and Egger's regression intercept was used to assess publication bias. RESULTS: In the initial search, 13,943 studies were found, and after excluding studies irrelevant to the research objective, a total of 18 articles were included in the meta-analysis. These articles represented a sample size of 1015 individuals in the intervention group and 999 individuals in the control group. The combined results of the studies showed a significant increase in self-efficacy in the intervention group when compared to the control group (1.788 ± .267; CI: 95%, P < .001). With an increase in the year of study and the quality assessment score of the articles, the effect of the intervention decreased (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that training based on the Pender Health Promotion Model significantly increased self-efficacy. Therefore, it seems that training based on this model can have positive effects on individuals' self-efficacy.
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BACKGROUND: The nursing system is one of the major and important fields of health and medicine in every country, responsible for providing nursing care and addressing medical and health-related community care needs. The aim of this study was to explain the challenges of the Iranian nursing system in addressing community care needs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A conventional content analysis method was performed in this exploratory qualitative study, and 27 participants were selected through a purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with the subjects, and data saturation was achieved in the 27th interview. The main interviews with the participants were individual, in person, and face-to-face, conducted at different times (morning and evening) in a peaceful environment and at the convenience of the participants. The interviews were recorded by the researcher with the participants' consent. The duration of the interviews ranged from 50 to 70 minutes, given the participants' energy and time. Data analyses were done using Graneheim and Lundman approach. RESULTS: After conducting the interviews and the simultaneous analysis, three themes were extracted, including the challenging structure in the internal environment, the operating environment, and the social environment, with seven main categories and 26 subcategories. An inadequate number of nurses given the real needs of society, the unbalanced proportion of employed clinical nurses to the real needs of society, poor presence of nurses in community-based nursing services, insufficient attention to the optimization of the work environment, the gap between education and clinical practice in the nursing system, poor mutual accountability of the community, and policies in the health system were seven main categories in this study. CONCLUSION: In general, the results showed that the Iranian nursing system faces many micro, meso, and macroscale challenges. It is necessary to plan properly to enhance the accountability of the nursing system to the current community care needs by improving the situation.
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Introduction: Negligence of proper time and poor performance of resuscitation team can lead to more mortality and negative consequences of cardiac arrest, as well as less survival. This study was conducted with objective of determining the arrival time of physician and resuscitation team to survive the victims of cardiopulmonary arrest. Materials and methods: In this prospective and descriptive-analytic study, the resuscitation performance and the arrival time of resuscitation team in 143 inpatients who had been diagnosed with witnessed cardiopulmonary arrest were examined using a researcher-made checklist. Data analysis was performed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests and SPSS. Results: Initial survival rate was 26.6%. In general, the mean time of physician's presence after the code announcement in minutes and seconds was 02:31 ± 01:22. It was also 02:24 ± 01:15 in successful cases and 02:34 ± 01:25 in unsuccessful cases. Independent t-test did not show a significant difference between the physician's presence time and the rate of initial successful resuscitation (p = 0.504). The time of first shock after observing ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia (in minutes and seconds) was 01:30 ± 00:47. According to independent t-test, the aforementioned time was less than the mean time (02:31 ± 01:22) of physician's presence (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, the initial survival rate in comparison to other regions in the country was almost more favorable and it was similar to global norms. In this study, the starting time of resuscitation was within the acceptable range. There was no relationship between the presence of physician and the initial survival rate of patients, as well as the use of defibrillator (by physician compared to other team members) and intubation with the initial survival rate. This could indicate the adequate performance of resuscitation team in the absence of physician on the condition of having sufficient knowledge and skill.
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BACKGROUND: In recent years, the phenomena of access to the cell phone and addiction to the Internet have been developed among students due to their many applications and attractiveness. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating general health status and also determining the predictive role of variables such as cell phone usage, sleep quality, internet addiction and social networks addiction in students. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 321 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in an analytical approach. Data collection tools were: Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire, Pittburgh Sleep Quality Index, Young Internet Addiction Test, Social Network Addiction Questionnaire, and Cell Phone Overuse Scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21 and general linear model. RESULTS: Based on the results, the mean (SD) score of the general health was 21.27 (9.49). Variables of gender, sleep quality, and levels of cell phone usage were independent predictors of student's health. Male students (ß (95% CI) = - 0.28 (- 0.49 to - 0.01) and students with favorable sleep quality (ß (95% CI) = - 0.22 (- 0.44 to - 0.02) had lower total health score than the reference category (female students and students with unfavorable sleep quality, respectively). In addition, students with cell phone overuse (ß (95% CI) = 0.39 (0.08 to 0.69) had a higher general health score than the reference category (students with cell phone little use).In general, this group of students had lower general health status (Low or high scores of general health indicate a higher and lower general health status for subjects, respectively). CONCLUSION: Variables of gender, sleep quality and cell phone use were the most important variables associating the general health of medical students.