Enhanced Aquathermolysis of Water-Heavy Oil-Ethanol Catalyzed by B@Zn(II)L at Low Temperature.

In order to study the synergistic effects of exogenous catalysts and in situ minerals in the reservoir during heavy oil aquathermolysis, in this paper, a series of simple supported transition metal complexes were prepared using sodium citrate, chloride salts and bentonite, and their catalytic viscosity reduction performances for heavy oil were investigated. Bentonite complex catalyst marked as B@Zn(II)L appears to be the most effective complex. B@Zn(II)L was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. Under optimized conditions, the viscosity of the heavy oil was decreased by 88.3%. The reaction temperature was reduced by about 70 °C compared with the traditional reaction. The results of the group composition analysis and the elemental content of the heavy oil indicate that the resin and asphaltene content decreases, and the saturated and aromatic HC content increases. The results of TGA and DSC of the heavy oil show that the macromolecular substances in the heavy oil were cracked into small molecules with low boiling points by the reaction. GC-MS examination of water-soluble polar compounds post-reaction indicates that B@Zn(II)L can diminish the quantity of polar substances in heavy oil and lower the aromatic nature of these compounds. Thiophene and quinoline were utilized as model compounds to investigate the reaction mechanism. GC-MS analysis revealed that C-C, C-N and C-S bonds were cleaved during the reaction, leading to a decrease in the viscosity of heavy oil.

Post-synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of fluorine-planted MWW-type titanosilicate.

F-Ti-MWW was post-synthesized by implanting fluorine species into a Ti-MWW framework through an acid treatment process in the presence of ammonium fluoride. The effects of NH4F addition amount, acid treatment temperature and precursor Ti content were investigated on the incorporation of F species, the zeolite structure and the coordination sites of Ti. Fluorine-implanting improved the surface hydrophobicity of the zeolite and altered the electropositivity nearby the tetrahedral Ti sites through forming the SiO3/2F and SiO4/2F(-) units. The negative effect of SiO4/2F(-) units in F-Ti-MWW was eliminated selectively by convenient anion-exchange with various alkali chlorides. F-Ti-MWW containing the SiO3/2F units possessed better catalytic activity and reusability, and a longer catalyst lifetime than conventional Ti-MWW.

Synthesis of a highly active oxidation catalyst with improved distribution of titanium coordination states.

A facile strategy is proposed to construct a highly active oxidation catalyst with optimally distributed titanium coordination states containing "TiO4" and "TiO6" species. The "TiO6" species in TS-1(+) shows a superior catalytic oxidation activity, which is 2-3 times that of "TiO4" species in TS-1.