Patients' evaluation of hospital foodservice quality in Italy: what do patients really value?

OBJECTIVE: Patients often do not eat/drink enough during hospitalization. To enable patients to meet their energy and nutritional requirements, food and catering service quality and staff support are therefore important. We assessed patients' satisfaction with hospital food and investigated aspects influencing it. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study collecting patients' preferences using a slightly modified version of the Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (ACHFPSQ). Factor analysis was carried out to reduce the number of food-quality and staff-issue variables. Univariate and multivariate ordinal categorical regression models were used to assess the association between food quality, staff issues, patients' characteristics, hospital recovery aspects and overall foodservice satisfaction (OS). SETTING: A university hospital in Florence, Italy, in the period November-December 2009. SUBJECTS: Hospital patients aged 18+ years (n 927). RESULTS: Of the 1288 questionnaires distributed, 927 were returned completely or partially filled in by patients and 603 were considered eligible for analysis. Four factors (explained variance 64·3 %, Cronbach's alpha α(C) = 0.856), i.e. food quality (FQ; α(C) = 0·74), meal service quality (MSQ; α(C) = 0·73), hunger and quantity (HQ; α(C) = 0·74) and staff/service issues (SI; α(C) = 0·65), were extracted from seventeen items. Items investigating staff/service issues were the most positively rated while certain items investigating food quality were the least positively rated. After ordinal multiple regression analysis, OS was only significantly associated with the four factors: FQ, MSQ, HQ and SI (OR = 17·2, 6·16, 3·09 and 1·75, respectively, P < 0·001), and gender (OR = 1·53, P = 0·024). CONCLUSIONS: The most positively scored aspects of foodservice concerned staff/service, whereas food quality was considered less positive. The aspects that most influenced patients' satisfaction were those related to food quality.

[Objects of study, material and formal, in nursing science]. / Oggetti di studio, materiale e formale, nella scienza infermieristica.

The use of expression "nursing science" in nursing literature is widespread. The word "science" derives from Latin scientia, that is knowledge. "Knowledge" means to posses a series of learning and cognition learned by the study, the experience or the observation. Every specific area of the knowledge take the name of science. But in what area of the general learn is nursing knowledge interested in? We try to give an answer with this article. We try an epistemological analysis of the interest nursing material object (manperson) and of the formal object: it's still lack a scientific community's agreement on this last. In the end, in last analysis, we try to suppose the epistemological's aim of nursing knowledge as regards to the formal object identified.