AllergoOncology: Biomarkers and refined classification for research in the allergy and glioma nexus-A joint EAACI-EANO position paper.

Epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between allergic diseases and cancer risk or prognosis in AllergoOncology. Some studies suggest an inverse association, but uncertainties remain, including in IgE-mediated diseases and glioma. Allergic disease stems from a Th2-biased immune response to allergens in predisposed atopic individuals. Allergic disorders vary in phenotype, genotype and endotype, affecting their pathophysiology. Beyond clinical manifestation and commonly used clinical markers, there is ongoing research to identify novel biomarkers for allergy diagnosis, monitoring, severity assessment and treatment. Gliomas, the most common and diverse brain tumours, have in parallel undergone changes in classification over time, with specific molecular biomarkers defining glioma subtypes. Gliomas exhibit a complex tumour-immune interphase and distinct immune microenvironment features. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy hold promise for primary brain tumour treatment, but require more specific and effective approaches. Animal studies indicate allergic airway inflammation may delay glioma progression. This collaborative European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) Position Paper summarizes recent advances and emerging biomarkers for refined allergy and adult-type diffuse glioma classification to inform future epidemiological and clinical studies. Future research is needed to enhance our understanding of immune-glioma interactions to ultimately improve patient prognosis and survival.

Characteristics of an ethnically diverse cohort of children with pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis: One institution's experience.

There has been limited research exploring how the demographic characteristics of children with pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis (PCM) may influence both the cutaneous and systemic symptoms. In this observational retrospective study of 51 children with PCM, we found a significantly higher rate of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in children of Hispanic ethnicity (4/21,19%) compared to non-Hispanics (0/30, 0%, p = 0.024). While this finding may reflect the high proportion of Hispanics in our population, a racial predisposition toward distinct systemic symptoms may be possible. We also found a significantly lower proportion of Hispanic children being diagnosed with PCM under the age of 3 years (47.6%) when compared with non-Hispanic children (76.7%, p = 0.03), suggesting that more data are needed to further assess the role of ethnicity and healthcare disparities in PCM diagnosis. Larger prospective studies are necessary to better evaluate the association between ethnicity, early diagnosis, and systemic symptoms in PCM and to describe its impact on long-term outcomes.