Color stability of nanohybrid resin-based composites, ormocers and compomers.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the color stability of two nanohybrid resin-based composites, two organic modified ceramic resin composites (ormocers) and a compomer, following their immersion during 4 weeks in four usual drinks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty discs of each of the following materials were prepared: GrandioSO (GR), Esthet X (EX), Dyract EXTRA (DY), Ceram X duo (CX), and Admira Fusion (AD). The discs were polished and stored in distilled water during 24 h at 37 °C. Color according to the CIEL*a*b* scale was recoded. Ten randomly selected samples of each material were immersed in red wine (RW), coffee (CF), cola (CK), and distilled water (DW). The color was recorded after 1, 7, 21 and 28 days of immersion. The ΔE values between the baseline color and each of the study timepoints were calculated. The data were analyzed based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: After 1 day of immersion, all the materials showed ΔE > 3.3, except EX, CF, and CX in CK. RD was the most staining beverage (ΔE 15.36 to 31.09). EX and CX were significantly less stained than the rest of the materials (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All the staining solutions produced darkening beyond clinically acceptable limits. EX and CX were the materials who experimented less staining, followed by GD. AD and DY were the materials more stained. RW was the drink that produced more staining, followed by CF and CK. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: After 24 h of immersion in all the solutions, equivalent to 1 month of exposure in the mouth, the evaluated materials showed clinically unacceptable ΔE values.

Persistent Respiratory Failure and Re-Admission in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Following Hospitalization for COVID-19.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with worse clinical evolution/survival during a hospitalization for SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19). The objective of this study was to learn the situation of these patients at discharge as well as the risk of re-admission/mortality in the following 12 months. Methods: We carried out a subanalysis of the RECOVID registry. A multicenter, observational study that retrospectively collected data on severe acute COVID-19 episodes and follow-up visits for up to a year in survivors. The data collection protocol includes general demographic data, smoking, comorbidities, pharmacological treatment, infection severity, complications during hospitalization and required treatment. At discharge, resting oxygen saturation (SpO2), dyspnea according to the mMRC (modified Medical Research Council) scale and long-term oxygen therapy prescription were recorded. The follow-up database included the clinical management visits at 6 and 12 months, where re-admission and mortality were recorded. Results: A total of 2047 patients were included (5.6% had a COPD diagnosis). At discharge, patients with COPD had greater dyspnea and a greater need for prescription home oxygen. After adjusting for age, sex and Charlson comorbidity index, patients with COPD had a greater risk of hospital re-admission due to respiratory causes (HR 2.57 [1.35-4.89], p = 0.004), with no significant differences in survival. Conclusion: Patients with COPD who overcome a serious SARS-CoV2 infection show a worse clinical situation at discharge and a greater risk of re-admission for respiratory causes.