In vitro results with minimal blood toxicity of a combretastatin A4 analogue.

Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth that is responsible for several deaths worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and is the leading cause of death. Chemotherapy is the most commonly used treatment for cancer; however, it often causes various side effects in patients. In this study, we evaluate the antineoplastic activity of a parent compound based on a combretastatin A4 analogue. We test the compound at 0.01 mg mL- 1, 0.1 mg mL- 1, 1.0 mg mL- 1, 10.0 mg mL- 1, 100.0 mg mL- 1, and 1,000.0 mg mL- 1. To assess molecular antineoplastic activity, we conduct in vitro tests to determine the viability of Ehrlich cells and the blood mononuclear fraction. We also analyze the cytotoxic behavior of the compound in the blood and blood smear. The results show that the molecule has a promising antineoplastic effect and crucial anticarcinogenic action. The toxicity of blood cells does not show statistically significant changes.

Untangling the complex food webs of tropical rainforest streams.

Food webs depict the tangled web of trophic interactions associated with the functioning of an ecosystem. Understanding the mechanisms providing stability to these food webs is therefore vital for conservation efforts and the management of natural systems. Here, we first characterised a tropical stream meta-food web and five individual food webs using a Bayesian Hierarchical approach unifying three sources of information (gut content analysis, literature compilation and stable isotope data). With data on population-level biomass and individually measured body mass, we applied a bioenergetic model and assessed food web stability using a Lotka-Volterra system of equations. We then assessed the resilience of the system to individual species extinctions using simulations and investigated the network patterns associated with systems with higher stability. The model resulted in a stable meta-food web with 307 links among the 61 components. At the regional scale, 70% of the total energy flow occurred through a set of 10 taxa with large variation in body masses. The remaining 30% of total energy flow relied on 48 different taxa, supporting a significant dependency on a diverse community. The meta-food web was stable against individual species extinctions, with a higher resilience in food webs harbouring omnivorous fish species able to connect multiple food web compartments via weak, non-specialised interactions. Moreover, these fish species contributed largely to the spatial variation among individual food webs, suggesting that these species could operate as mobile predators connecting different streams and stabilising variability at the regional scale. Our results outline two key mechanisms of food web stability operating in tropical streams: (i) the diversity of species and body masses buffering against random and size-dependent disturbances and (ii) high regional diversity and weak omnivorous interactions of predators buffering against local stochastic variation in species composition. These mechanisms rely on high local and regional biodiversity in tropical streams, which is known to be strongly affected by human impacts. Therefore, an urgent challenge is to understand how the ongoing systematic loss of diversity jeopardises the stability of stream food webs in human-impacted landscapes.

As teias alimentares representam um emaranhado de interações tróficas associadas ao funcionamento de um ecossistema. Compreender os mecanismos que proporcionam estabilidade a estas teias alimentares é, portanto, vital para os esforços de conservação e gestão dos sistemas naturais. Aqui, primeiro caracterizamos uma meta teia alimentar de riachos tropicais e cinco teias alimentares individuais usando uma abordagem hierárquica Bayesiana unificando três fontes de informação (análise de conteúdo estomacal, compilação de literatura, dados de isótopos estáveis). Com dados sobre biomassa em nível populacional e massa corporal medida individualmente, aplicamos um modelo bioenergético e avaliamos a estabilidade da cadeia alimentar usando um sistema de equações Lotka­Volterra. Em seguida, avaliamos a resiliência do sistema às extinções de espécies individuais usando simulações e investigamos os padrões de rede associados a sistemas com maior estabilidade. O modelo resultou em uma meta teia alimentar estável com 307 ligações entre os 61 componentes. Na escala regional, 70% do fluxo total de energia ocorreu através de um conjunto de dez taxa com grande variação nas massas corporais. Os restantes 30% do fluxo total de energia dependiam de 47 taxa diferentes, apoiando uma dependência significativa de uma comunidade diversificada. A meta teia alimentar foi estável contra extinções de espécies individuais, com uma maior resiliência em teias alimentares que abrigam espécies de peixes onívoros capazes de conectar múltiplos compartimentos da teia alimentar através de interações fracas e não especializadas. Além disso, estas espécies de peixes contribuíram amplamente para a variação espacial entre as cadeias alimentares individuais, sugerindo que estas espécies poderiam operar como predadores móveis conectando diferentes riachos e estabilizando a variabilidade à escala regional. Nossos resultados descrevem dois mecanismos principais de estabilidade da cadeia alimentar operando em riachos tropicais: (i) a diversidade de espécies e massas corporais que protegem contra distúrbios aleatórios e dependentes do tamanho (ii) alta diversidade regional e fracas interações onívoras de predadores que protegem contra a variação estocástica local na composição de espécies. Estes mecanismos dependem de uma elevada biodiversidade local e regional em riachos tropicais, que são conhecidos por serem fortemente afetados pelos impactos humanos. Portanto, um desafio urgente é compreender como a contínua perda sistemática de diversidade põe em risco a estabilidade das teias alimentares em paisagens impactadas pelo homem.

The presence of a deep lateral femoral notch sign in ACL-injured patients is associated with a 2.7° steeper posterior tibial slope and a 19% higher frequency of lateral meniscal injuries.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between the presence of a deep lateral femoral notch sign (DLFNS) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injured patients and a higher posterior lateral tibial slope (LPTS), a reduced meniscal bone angle (MBA), a higher LPTS/MBA ratio and a higher incidence of concomitant injuries in primary ACL tears. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed in patients submitted to primary ACL reconstruction with an available preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Patients with ACL tears and a femoral impactation with a depth ≥2 mm were assorted to the DLFNS group and patients with ACL tear and without a DLFNS to the control group. LPTS and MBA were measured in MRI. The presence of concomitant injuries (meniscal, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament and bone injuries) was assessed in MRI. Quantitative data are presented in the median ± interquartile range (IQR). RESULTS: There were 206 patients included in the study, with 46 patients assorted to the DLFNS group and 160 patients to the control group. In the DLFNS group, the median LPTS was 6.7° (IQR: 4.0-8.2) versus 4.0° in the control group (IQR: 2.2-6.5) (p = 0.003). The LPTS/MBA ratio was significantly higher in the DLFNS group, with a median of 0.32 (IQR: 0.19-0.44), in comparison to the control group, with a median of 0.19 (IQR: 0.11-0.31) (p < 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the LPTS is an independent risk factor to having a DLFNS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.161; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.042-1.293, p = 0.007). There was a higher incidence of concomitant lateral meniscal injuries in the DLFNS group (67% vs. 48%, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ACL tears, the presence of a DLFNS is associated with a steeper lateral posterior tibial slope, as well as a higher incidence of concomitant lateral meniscal injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Quality of emergency oncological surgery: time for advanced oncological life support.

OBJECTIVE: In the emergency care of cancer patients, in addition to cancer-related factors, two aspects influence the outcome: (1) where the patient is treated and (2) who will perform the surgery. In Brazil, a significant proportion of patients with surgical oncological emergencies will be operated on in general hospitals by surgeons without training in oncological surgery. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to discuss quality indicators and propose the creation of an urgent oncological surgery advanced life support course. METHODS: Review of articles on the topic. RESULTS: Generally, nonelective resections are associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as lower rates of cancer-specific survival. In comparison to elective procedures, the reduced number of harvested lymph nodes and the higher rate of positive margins suggest a compromised degree of radicality in the emergency scenario. CONCLUSION: Among modifiable factors is the training of the emergency surgeon. Enhancing the practice of oncological surgery in emergency settings constitutes a formidable undertaking that entails collaboration across various medical specialties and warrants endorsement and support from medical societies and educational institutions. It is time to establish a national registry encompassing oncological emergencies, develop quality indicators tailored to the national context, and foster the establishment of specialized training programs aimed at enhancing the proficiency of physicians serving in emergency services catering to cancer patients.

Self-trapped emissions in 2D lead-free halide perovskites driven by divalent spacer cations.

The mono- and divalent spacer cation investigation in sodium/indium-based 2D double perovskites revealed significant impacts on optoelectronic properties due to distortions in the inorganic layers. The strong electron-phonon coupling in a novel lead-free Dion-Jacobson phase highlights a promising class for broad-emission devices based on self-trapped excitons (STE), offering enhanced structural stability.

Direct determination of POSS cage structure in a self-assembled ionic bridged silsesquioxane by using the total pair distribution function G(r) and density functional theory.

In the present study, both short-range and long-range structural features of an ionic bridged silsesquioxane, specifically one containing the 1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride group (ISSQ), were elucidated. This ionic silsesquioxane was synthesized via direct polycondensation of a bridged organosilane precursor, without any additional functionalization step. Si-O-Si cage structures typical of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) were identified. The average interatomic distances of the POSS cages, including the open T8 cage and the T12 cage for the ISSQ, as well as the T8 cage for a commercially available pendant POSS were determined. It is the first report of the interatomic distance determination of POSS cage; achieved by using total pair distribution function G(r) values obtained through high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The application of DFT was crucial for accurately assigning X-ray peaks and verifying structural details. Furthermore, the analysis of X-ray diffraction peaks and the examination of crystalline domains via transmission electron microscopy enabled the proposal of a hexagonal arrangement of Si-O-Si cages over long ranges within the ionic bridged silsesquioxane. This proposed arrangement highlights a distinctive structural organization that could impact the material's properties and applications.

Rashba Spin Splitting Limiting the Application of 2D Halide Perovskites for UV-Emitting Devices.

Layered lead halide perovskites have attracted much attention as promising materials for a new generation of optoelectronic devices. To make progress in applications, a full understanding of the basic properties is essential. Here, we study 2D-layered (BA)2PbX4 by using different halide anions (X = I, Br, and Cl) along with quantum confinement. The obtained cell parameter evolution, supported by experimental measurements and theoretical calculations, indicates strong lattice distortions of the metal halide octahedra, breaking the local inversion symmetry in (BA)2PbCl4, which strongly correlates with a pronounced Rashba spin-splitting effect. Optical measurements reveal strong photoluminescence quenching and a drastic reduction in the PL quantum yield in this larger band gap compound. We suggest that these optical results are closely related to the appearance of the Rashba effect due to the existence of a local electric dipole. The results obtained in ab initio calculations showed that the (BA)2PbCl4 possesses electrical polarization of 0.13 µC/cm2 and spin-splitting energy of about 40 meV. Our work establishes that local octahedra distortions induce Rashba spin splitting, which explains why obtaining UV-emitting materials with high PLQY is a big challenge.

Synthesis and Characterization of Two Novel Naphthalenediimide/Zinc Phosphonate Crystalline Materials Precipitated from Different Solvents.

Hybrid naphthalenediimide/zinc phosphonate materials (NDI/Zn) were prepared by mixing solutions of N,N'-bis(2-phosphonoethyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide (PNDI) and zinc nitrate, resulting in the precipitation of the desired compounds. Samples precipitated from water and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were produced. The obtained samples had the expected elemental composition, and the presence of naphthalenediimides (NDI) was ascertained by infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy. All the samples were crystalline, according to powder X-ray diffraction. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed the presence of porosity in the NDI/Zn samples. Mesopores with a diameter = 4.1 nm were present in the sample from DMF, with total pore volume reaching 0.13 cm3/g.

Discordance Between the Initial Diagnosis of Sarcomas and Subsequent Histopathological Revision and Molecular Analyses in a Sarcoma Reference Center in Brazil.

PURPOSE: To investigate the discordance in sarcoma diagnoses between nonspecialized institutions following revision by dedicated sarcoma pathologists at a reference center in Brazil and the relevance of molecular pathology in this context. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of sarcoma samples initially analyzed at outside laboratories and subsequently reviewed by two specialized pathologists between January 2014 and December 2020. After obtaining demographic and tumor characteristics, pathology results were matched and classified as complete discordance (CD; benign v malignant, sarcoma v other malignancies), partial concordance (similar diagnosis of connective tumor, but different grade/histological subtype/differentiation), and complete concordance (CC). The concordance for histology or grade, and the role of molecular assessments supporting the diagnosis were also independently determined. Statistical analyses were conducted through the kappa coefficient of agreement and adherence by χ2 test, χ2 test by Person, and Fisher exact test. RESULTS: In total, 197 cases were included, with samples obtained predominately from male patients (57.9%) and localized/primary tumors (86.8%). Following revision, the most frequent final diagnoses were undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (17.8%), well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (8.6%), and leiomyosarcoma (7.6%). CD was found in 13.2%, partial discordance in 45.2%, and CC in 41.6% of reviews (P < .001). We found a concordance for histology or grade of 53.5% (P < .001) and 51.8% (P < .001), respectively. Molecular assessments, comprising next-generation sequencing panels (79.5%) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (20.5%), were performed in 44 (22.3%) cases, with findings classified as of diagnostic relevance in 31.8%. CONCLUSION: In nearly 60% of the cases, the initial sarcoma diagnosis was modified when revised by a reference center and dedicated pathologists, assisted by molecular pathology techniques. These results justify the assembly of referral networks in countries with limited health care resources.

Quality of emergency oncological surgery: time for advanced oncological life support

SUMMARY In the emergency care of cancer patients, in addition to cancer-related factors, two aspects influence the outcome: (1) where the patient is treated and (2) who will perform the surgery. In Brazil, a significant proportion of patients with surgical oncological emergencies will be operated on in general hospitals by surgeons without training in oncological surgery. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to discuss quality indicators and propose the creation of an urgent oncological surgery advanced life support course. METHODS: Review of articles on the topic. RESULTS: Generally, nonelective resections are associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as lower rates of cancer-specific survival. In comparison to elective procedures, the reduced number of harvested lymph nodes and the higher rate of positive margins suggest a compromised degree of radicality in the emergency scenario. CONCLUSION: Among modifiable factors is the training of the emergency surgeon. Enhancing the practice of oncological surgery in emergency settings constitutes a formidable undertaking that entails collaboration across various medical specialties and warrants endorsement and support from medical societies and educational institutions. It is time to establish a national registry encompassing oncological emergencies, develop quality indicators tailored to the national context, and foster the establishment of specialized training programs aimed at enhancing the proficiency of physicians serving in emergency services catering to cancer patients.

Câncer colorretal: associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e a adesão a programas de rastreamento / Colorectal cancer: association between sociodemographic variables and the adherence to cancer screening

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health problem whose control depends on public policy establishment and effective prevention and screening programs. In Brazil, there are few studies related to adherence to screening methods. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between demographic and socioeconomic to adherence to CRC screening with fecal immunochemical test (FIT) among average-risk individuals for CRC. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, conducted between March 2015 and April 2016, 1,254 asymptomatic individuals aged 50-75 years, participating in a hospital screening campaign in Brazil, were invited to participate in the study. RESULTS: The adherence rate to FIT was 55.6% (697/1,254). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, patients aged 60-75 years (odds ratio (OR)=1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.66; p=0.03), religious belief (OR=2.04; 95% CI: 1.34-3.11; p<0.01), previous fecal occult blood test (OR=2.07; 95% CI: 1.55-2.76; p<0.01), and full/part-time working status (OR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.49-0.89; p<0.01) were independently associated with adherence to CRC screening. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study highlight the importance of considering the labor aspects when implementing screening programs, suggesting that campaigns conducted in the workplace and repeated over the years may be more effective.

RESUMO RACIONAL: O câncer colorretal (CCR) é um problema de saúde mundial cujo controle depende do estabelecimento de políticas públicas e programas de prevenção e rastreamento eficazes. No Brasil existem poucos estudos relacionados à adesão métodos de rastreamento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação de características sócio-demográficas à realização de testes de sangue oculto nas fezes do tipo imunoquimicomecanizado (FIM) em população de médio risco para o desenvolvimento de câncer colorretal. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal, com coleta prospectiva de dados. Entre março de 2015 e abril de 2016, 1.254 indivíduos assintomáticos, com idade entre 50 e 75 anos, foram consecutivamente selecionados a partir de uma campanha hospitalar de rastreamento para neoplasias. RESULTADOS: As taxas de adesão ao teste FIM foi 55.6% (697/1254). Na análise de regressão logística múltipla os fatores independentes associados à adesão ao rastreamento do CCR foram: Idade entre 60-75 anos (oddsratio (OR)=1.30; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC): 1.02-1.66; p=0.03), crença religiosa (OR=2.04; 95%IC: 1.34-3.11; p<0.01), realização prévia de exame de sangue oculto nas fezes (OR=2.07; 95%IC: 1.55-2.76; p<0.01) e vínculo empregatício em período integral ou parcial (OR=0.66; 95%IC: 0.49-0.89; p<0.01). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo enfatiza a importância de considerar aspectos laborais ao implementar programas de rastreamento do câncer colorretal e sugere que campanhas de rastreamento implantadas no ambiente de trabalho e de maneira repetida ao longo dos anos podem ser mais efetivas.

A autonomia do adolescente em relação ao direto de imunização contra infecções sexualmente transmissíveis: revisão bibliográfica / La autonomía de los adolescentes en relación con la inmunización directa contra las infecciones de transmisión sexual: revisión bibliográfica / The autonomy of adolescents in relation to the direct of immunization against sexually transmitted infections: bibliographic review

O presente estudo trata-se de uma análise na literatura sobre o aspecto bioético da autonomia em relação a imunização contra Hepatite B e HPV na adolescência. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica baseada no método prisma onde foram incluídos artigos em português e inglês os quais foram pesquisados nas plataformas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), utilizando os seguintes descritores Hepatitis B Vaccines, bioethics, Humans. Os resultados demostraram a eficiência dos profissionais de saúde no contato com o indivíduo e o convencimento deste através de um diálogo aberto e criação de vínculos. Evidenciou-se ainda o estudo evidenciou o direito a autonomia progressiva do paciente, no qual este ganha o direito a algumas escolhas como as imunizações de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, como é o caso da Hepatite B e HPV, no entanto é necessário que o adolescente seja instruído sobre a imunização. Assim sendo, reconhece-se o direito a autonomia progressiva do adolescente, referente a escolha das imunizações contra a Hepatite B e HPV, entretanto, deve-se considerar que estes indivíduos sejam instruídos sobre os benefícios individuais e/ou coletivos da vacinação, contemplados por atividades de educação em saúde por profissionais qualificados, objetivando ampliar a cobertura global de imunização com doenças que caracterizam problemas de saúde pública.

El presente estudio es un análisis de la literatura sobre el aspecto bioético de la autonomía en relación con la inmunización contra la Hepatitis B y el VPH en la adolescencia. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica basada en el método del prisma, que incluyó artículos en portugués e inglés que fueron buscados en la Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea (SciELO), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) y la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (PUBMED), utilizando los siguientes descriptores Vacunas Hepatitis B, bioética, Humanos. Los resultados demostraron la eficiencia de los profesionales de la salud en contactar al individuo y convencerlo a través de un diálogo abierto y creación de vínculos. También se evidenció que el estudio evidenció el derecho del paciente a la autonomía progresiva, en la que adquiere el derecho a algunas opciones como las inmunizaciones de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, como la Hepatitis B y el VPH, sin embargo, es necesario que el adolescente sea educado sobre la inmunización. Por lo tanto, se reconoce el derecho del adolescente a la autonomía progresiva, en cuanto a la elección de las vacunas contra la Hepatitis B y el VPH, sin embargo, se debe considerar que estos individuos sean educados sobre los beneficios individuales y/o colectivos de la vacunación, contemplados por las actividades de educación en salud por profesionales calificados, con el objetivo de ampliar la cobertura mundial de inmunización con enfermedades que caracterizan los problemas de salud pública.

The present study is an analysis of the literature on the bioethical aspect of autonomy in relation to immunization against Hepatitis B and HPV in adolescence. A bibliographic review was carried out based on the prism method, which included articles in Portuguese and English which were searched on the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) and the National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), using the following descriptors Hepatitis B Vaccines, bioethics, Humans. The results demonstrated the efficiency of health professionals in contacting the individual and convincing him/her through an open dialogue and creation of bonds. It was also evidenced the study evidenced the patient's right to progressive autonomy, in which he gains the right to some choices such as immunizations of sexually transmitted diseases, such as Hepatitis B and HPV, however it is necessary for the adolescent to be educated about immunization. Therefore, the adolescent's right to progressive autonomy is recognized, regarding the choice of immunizations against Hepatitis B and HPV, however, it must be considered that these individuals are instructed on the individual and/or collective benefits of vaccination, contemplated by health education activities by qualified professionals, aiming to expand the global coverage of immunization with diseases that characterize public health problems.

Abordagem epidemiológica e considerações bioéticas sobre a infecção pelo vírus da hepatite b em crianças e adolescentes no estado do acre, Brasil / Enfoque epidemiológico y consideraciones bioéticas sobre la infección por el virus de la hepatitis b en niños y adolescentes en el estado de Acre, Brasil / Epidemiological approach and bioethical considerations on hepatitis b virus infection in children and adolescents in the state of Acre, Brazi

O estudo investiga os aspectos epidemiológicos da hepatite B em crianças e adolescentes, discutindo os resultados encontrados à luz dos princípios da bioética. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, com base em uma série temporal de casos, cujos dados de notificação foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e dados de vacinação do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunizações - SIPNI, no período de 2011 a 2020. Foram notificados 889 casos de hepatite B na população de estudo. A maioria dos participantes encontravam-se na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos 738 (83%), do sexo feminino 549 (62%), cor da pele parda 637 (72%) residentes na zona urbana 490 (55%) e com ensino fundamental incompleto 279 (31%). A provável fonte de infecção foi por via sexual 450 (51%). A forma clínica mais comum foi a Hepatite Crônica 496 (56%). A maioria dos contaminados com Hepatite B foram indivíduos não vacinados 298 (34%). A luz da bioética os resultados demostram que a prática da vacinação pode contemplar os princípios bioéticos, já que o grau de autonomia depende de um tipo de intervenção planejada e quanto maior a relação entre benefício e ônus, tendo em conta os princípios de beneficência e não maleficência, menos decisiva é essa autonomia.

El estudio investiga los aspectos epidemiológicos de la hepatitis B en niños y adolescentes, discutiendo los resultados encontrados a la luz de los principios bioéticos. Se trata de un estudio transversal, retrospectivo, basado en una serie temporal de casos, cuyos datos de notificación fueron extraídos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (SINAN) y datos de vacunación del Sistema de Información del Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones SIPNI, desde 2011 hasta 2020. Se informaron 889 casos de hepatitis B en la población de estudio. La mayoría de los participantes tenían entre 15 y 19 años 738 (83 %), sexo femenino 549 (62 %), color de piel morena 637 (72 %), residentes en zona urbana 490 (55 ) y con educación primaria incompleta 279 (31 %). La fuente probable de infección fue a través de relaciones sexuales 450 (51%). La forma clínica más frecuente fue la Hepatitis Crónica 496 (56%). La mayoría de los infectados con Hepatitis B eran individuos no vacunados 298 (34%). A la luz de la bioética, los resultados muestran que la práctica de la vacunación puede contemplar principios bioéticos, ya que el grado de autonomía depende de un tipo de intervención planificada y mayor la relación entre beneficio y carga, teniendo en cuenta los principios de beneficencia y no maleficencia, menos decisiva es esta autonomía.

The study investigates the epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B in children and adolescents, discussing the results found in the light of bioethical principles. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study, based on a time series of cases, whose notification data were extracted from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and vaccination data from the National Immunization Program Information System SIPNI, from 2011 to 2020. 889 cases of hepatitis B were reported in the study population. Most participants were aged between 15 and 19 years old 738 (83%), female 549 (62%), brown skin color 637 (72%) living in the urban area 490 (55%) and with incomplete elementary education 279 (31%). The probable source of infection was through sexual intercourse 450 (51%). The most common clinical form was Chronic Hepatitis 496 (56%). Most of those infected with Hepatitis B were unvaccinated individuals 298 (34%). In the light of bioethics, the results show that the practice of vaccination can contemplate bioethical principles, since the degree of autonomy depends on a type of planned intervention and the greater the relationship between benefit and burden, taking into account the principles of beneficence and not maleficence, the less decisive is this autonomy.

Perfil epidemiológico da leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Região Amazônica, Brasil, entre 2010 e 2019 / Epidemiological profile of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the Amazon Region, Brazil, between 2010 and 2019

Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) no município de Altamira, Pará, no período de 2009 a 2019. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, retrospectivo de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados secundários de casos confirmados LTA, ocorridos entre os anos de 2010-2019 registrados no Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e disponibilizados no site do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Resultados: foram notificados 1.177 casos de LTA no município de Altamira entre 2010 e 2019, com média de 117,7 casos notificados e incidência média de 107,66 casos para cada 100 mil habitantes. Predomínio do sexo masculino (83,3%), idade entre 20-39 anos (51,8%) e autodeclarado pardo (71,7%). Quanto à forma, a cutânea foi a mais registrada, com 96% dos casos, e em 97% destes evoluíram para a cura. Conclusões: a LTA apresentou alta incidência em Altamira no período analisado, assim se caracterizando como um problema de saúde pública. Acometendo, sobretudo, o sexo masculino, pardos e a faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos, estando, dessa forma, intrinsecamente relacionada às atividades laborais dessa população, além do desequilíbrio ambiental relacionado a desmatamento na zona rural. Sugere-se a existência de transmissão peri e intradomiciliar relacionada ao acometimento de crianças e idosos. A distribuição espacial dos casos não foi homogênea, possuindo maior concentração em áreas centrais do município de altamira. É importante ressaltar que a incidência tem uma forma não linear, que não se deve ao aumento gradual do número de casos, mas ao aumento da população.

Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in the municipality of Altamira, Pará, from 2009 to 2019. Methods: this is a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative approach, using secondary data from confirmed cases of LTA, which occurred between the years 2010-2019, registered in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and available on the website of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: 1,177 cases of ATL were reported in the municipality of Altamira between 2010 and 2019, with an average of 117.7 reported cases and an average incidence of 107.66 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Male predominance (83.3%), aged between 20-39 years (51.8%) and self-declared brown (71.7%). As for the form, the cutaneous one was the most registered with 96% of the cases, and in 97% they evolved to cure. Conclusions: ATL had a high incidence in Altamira in the analyzed period, thus characterizing it as a public health problem. Affecting, above all, males, browns and the age group from 20 to 39 years. being, therefore, intrinsically related to the work activities of this population, in addition to the environmental imbalance related to deforestation in rural areas. It is suggested the existence of peri- and intra-household transmission related to the involvement of children and the elderly. The spatial distribution of cases was not homogeneous, with a greater concentration in central areas of the municipality of altamira. It is important to emphasize that the incidence has a non-linear form, which is not due to the gradual increase in the number of cases, but to the increase in the population.

Análise do Impacto Orçamentário da Prevenção de Lesão por Pressão em Idosos Acamados / Analysis of the Budgetary Impact of Pressure Injury Prevention in Bedridden Elderly / Análisis del Impacto Presupuestario de la Prevención de Lesiones por Presión em Ancianos Encamados

Objetivo: Analisar o impacto orçamentário e o incremento de custos da incorporação de superfícies especiais para o manejo da pressão para prevenção de lesão por pressão em pacientes idosos acamados. Método: Análise de impacto orçamentário, seguindo as recomendações da diretriz metodológica análise de impacto orçamentário. Delinearam-se dois possíveis cenários (referência e alternativo 1, 2 e 3). Resultados: O custo em cinco anos no cenário de referência, adotando apenas a estratégia de mudança de decúbito, foi estimado em R$ 253.86,2542,81. Os custos nos cenários alternativos 1, 2 e 3 foram respectivamente, no mesmo período e com os ajustes econômicos, R$ 250.422.191,73, R$ 249.223.263,19 e R$ 248.029.130,37. Conclusão: A utilização de altas tecnologias nem sempre será o diferencial para o melhor desfecho clínico do paciente e poderá acarretar mais custo ao sistema.

Objective:To analyze the budgetary impact and the increase in costs of the incorporation of special surfaces for pressure management to prevent pressure injuries in bedridden elderly patients. Method: Budget impact analysis, following the recommendations of the budget impact analysis methodological guideline. Two possible scenarios were out lined. In the first (alternative) scenario, the elderly receives a prevention strategy that includes the use of a viscoelastic mattress as a pressure distribution surface and a change in position with a minimum interval of 2 hours. In the second scenario (reference), the elderly receives a prevention strategy that only includes a change in position with a minimum interval of 2 hours. All costs were estimated using the macro costing technique. Results: The results of the analysis of the budget impact speak in disfavor, therefore, contrary to the eventual incorporation of the viscoelastic mattress as a complementary strategy to the systematic change of decubitus, of at least every 2 hours as a measure to prevent pressure injuries. Conclusion: The use of high technologies will not always be the differential for the best clinical outcome of the patient and it can result in more cost to the system.

Objetivo:Analizar el impacto presupuestario y el incremento de costes de la incorporación de superfícies especiales para el manejo de la presión para la prevención de lesiones por presión em pacientes ancianos encamados. Método:Análisis de Impacto Presupuestario (AIO), siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Guía Metodológica de Análisis de Impacto Presupuestario. Se esbozaron dos escenarios posibles. Em el primer escenario (alternativo), las personas mayores recibe ecnologiategia de prevención que incluye el uso de um colchón viscoelástico ecnologiaficie de distribución de presiem y un cambio de poemión con un intervalo mínimo de 2 horas. Enel segundo escenario (referencia), los adultos mayore ecnologiana estrategia de prevención que solo incluye el cambio de posición conun intervalo mínimo de 2 horas. Todos los costos se estimaron utilizando la técnica de macro costos. Resultados: Los resultados del análisis de impacto presupuestario hablan desfavorablemente, por tanto, en contra de la eventual incorporación del colchón viscoe ecnologiamo estrategia complementaria al cambio sistemático de decúbito, de al menos cada 2 horas como medida de prevención de lesiones por presión. Conclusión: Se concluye que el ecnologiass tecnologías no siempre será el diferencial para el mejor desenlace clínico del paciente y que puede resultar em mayor costo para el sistema.

Manejo de cárie radicular: um guia para o dentista brasileiro baseado na tradução e adaptação cultural do consenso internacional/ORCA E EFCD / Management of root caries: a guide for the Brazilian dentist based on the translation and cultural adaptation of the international consensus/ORCA and EFCD

Objetivo: A cárie radicular é um problema da Odontologia moderna, porém é notável a falta de diretrizes sobre o seu manejo. Objetivamos elaborar e adaptar um guia a partir da tradução das recomendações do consenso in-ternacional European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA) e European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) para as tomadas de decisão clínica na intervenção do processo de cárie na pessoa idosa, com foco na cárie radicular. Materiais e métodos: O protocolo de tradução das recomendações do consenso internacional consistiu nas etapas: (1) tradução inicial, (2) síntese da tradução, (3) retradução, (4) revisão por comitê de especialistas, com adaptação cultural. A partir da tradução, foi desenvolvido um guia com diretrizes para tratamento de cárie radicular no Brasil. Resultados: Para prevenção de novas lesões é recomendada a escovação diária com dentifrício >1.500ppm/F. Dentifrícios com 5.000ppm/F ou vernizes (>20.000ppm/F) podem ser indicados para paralisar lesões radiculares ativas e para prevenção em pessoas idosas com alta suscetibilidade à cárie radicular, e o Diamino Fluoreto de Prata (>30%) para paralisar lesões ativas. Intervenções invasi-vas diretas são indicadas dependendo da situação clínica. Discussão: Nota-se uma falta de interesse em estudos primários sobre tratamentos para cárie radicular, criando assim uma lacuna em relação ao seu manejo, que reflete no nível de evidência detectado pelo consenso. Conclusão: Guias clíni-cos são importantes para reduzir a lacuna entre a pesquisa e a prática clínica. Essa tradução para o português facilitará o acesso dos dentistas bra-sileiros em relação a evidência consolidada até o momento para o manejo de cárie radicular.

Aim: Root caries are a problem in modern dentistry, but the lack of guidelines regarding their management is notable. We aim to develop and adapt a guide based on the translation of the recommendations of the international consensus as outlined by the European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA) and the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) for clinical decision-making in the intervention of the caries process in the elderly, with a focus on root caries. Materials and methods: The protocol for translating the recommendations of the international consensus consisted of the following steps: (1) initial translation, (2) synthesis of the translation, (3) back-translation, (4) review by an expert committee with cultural adaptation. Based on the translation, a guide was developed with guidelines for the treatment of root caries in Brazil. Results: To prevent new lesions, daily brushing with toothpaste >1,500ppm/F is recommended. Toothpaste with 5,000ppm/F or varnishes (>20,000ppm/F) may be recommended to paralyze active root lesions and for prevention in elderly people with high susceptibility to root caries, and Silver Diamine Fluoride (>30%) to paralyze active lesions. Direct invasive interventions are indicated depending on the clinical situation. Discussion: There is a lack of interest in primary studies on treatments for root caries, thus creating a gap in relation to its management, which is reflected by the level of evidence detected in the consensus. Conclusion: Clinical guidelines are important to reduce the gap between research and clinical practice. This translation into Portuguese will facilitate access by Brazilian dentists to the consolidated evidence gathered to date for the management of root caries.

Biomechanical and adhesion comparison of linea alba prophylactic reinforcement with coated and uncoated three-dimensional T-shaped mesh in rabbits

Abstract Purpose: Incisional hernia (IH) is a frequent complication of median laparotomy. The use of prophylactic mesh to reduce IH incidence has gained increasing attention. We hypothesized that in an animal model, linea alba prophylactic reinforcement with a three-dimensional T-shaped polypropylene mesh results in greater abdominal wall resistance. Methods: Study was performed in 27 rabbits. After abdominal midline incision, animals were divided into three groups according to the laparotomy closure method used: (1)3D T-shaped coated mesh; (2)3D T-shaped uncoated mesh; and (3) closure without mesh. After 4 months, each animal's abdominal wall was resected and tensiometric tests were applied. Results included IH occurrence, adhesions to the mesh, and wound complications. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in maximum tensile strength (p=0.250) or abdominal wall elongation under maximum stress (p=0.839). One rabbit from the control group developed IH (p=1.00). Small intestine and colon adhesions occurred only in the uncoated mesh group (p<0.001) and the degree of adhesions was higher in this group compared to the coated mesh group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Use of the current 3D T-shaped prophylactic mesh model did not result in a significant difference in tensiometric measurements when compared with simple abdominal wall closure in rabbits.

Decisões terapêuticas com pacientes em fim de vida: a visão do residente / Therapeutic decisions with end-of-life patients: the perspective of residents

As mudanças epidemiológicas e demográficas impactam diretamente no aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e na demanda por cuidados em saúde cada vez mais complexos que englobam a tomada de decisão de forma multidisciplinar e compartilhada entre equipe, família e paciente. Portanto o objeto desta pesquisa foi a visão do aluno da residência multiprofissional a respeito das decisões terapêuticas com pacientes em fim de vida tendo como pano de fundo a bioética por princípios de Beauchamp e Childress. Os objetivos foram: descrever, através do discurso do aluno da residência multiprofissional, como se dá o processo de tomada de decisões terapêuticas com pacientes em fim de vida e quais respaldos morais e bioéticos são utilizados nestas decisões; identificar, a partir do discurso do residente multidisciplinar, a participação dos profissionais da saúde, da família/cuidadores e do próprio paciente nas decisões terapêuticas do fim da vida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, realizada com 25 alunos de três programas de residência multiprofissional do município do Rio de Janeiro. A técnica para coleta dos dados baseou-se em entrevista semiestruturada realizada no período de 15/07 à 20/09/2022. O método para obtenção dos participantes foi o de bola de neve (snow ball) onde o primeiro participante é escolhido aleatoriamente e os demais são indicados pelo antecessor. Foram observados todos os critérios éticos em pesquisa da Resolução 466/2012 do Ministério da Saúde. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a análise categorial de Denize Oliveira. Ao final da categorização emergiram três categorias: "Processo de tomada de decisão com pacientes em fim da vida", "Princípios éticos norteadores da tomada de decisão" e "O mundo ideal e o mundo real do processo de tomada de decisão". A primeira categoria buscou detalhar o processo de tomada de decisão com pacientes no fim da vida mostrando a centralização da tomada de decisão, a tomada de decisão de forma multidisciplinar e de forma compartilhada com paciente e família. A segunda categoria relacionou o processo de tomada de decisão com pacientes no fim da vida aos princípios bioéticos de Beaucahmp e Childress demonstrando de forma individualizada a utilização destes para a personalização da tomada de decisão. A terceira categoria apontou os pontos que os residentes entendiam como ideais para o processo de tomada de decisão e as questões relacionadas ao que realmente acontece na prática clínica do dia a dia permeada pelas dificuldades estruturais, sociais e acadêmicas que interferem neste processo. Conclui-se que estamos ainda distantes de um modelo ideal de processo de tomada de decisão que ainda se apresenta de forma médicocentrada, verticalizada e pouco compartilhada com família e pacientes. AU

Epidemiological and demographic changes directly impact the increase in non-communicable chronic diseases and the demand for increasingly complex healthcare, which involves multidisciplinary and shared decision-making among the team, family, and patient. Therefore, the objective of this research was to explore the perspective of residents regarding therapeutic decisions with end-of-life patients, framed within the principles of Beauchamp and Childress' bioethics. The specific aims were to describe, through the discourse of multidisciplinary residents, the process of making therapeutic decisions with end-of-life patients and the moral and bioethical foundations guiding these decisions, as well as to identify the involvement of healthcare professionals, family/caregivers, and the patients themselves in end-of-life therapeutic decisions. This qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory research was conducted with 25 residents from three multidisciplinary residency programs in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews conducted from July 15th to September 20th, 2022. The snowball sampling method was used to select participants, where the first participant is chosen randomly and subsequent participants are referred by the preceding ones. The ethical criteria outlined in Resolution 466/2012 of the Ministry of Health were observed throughout the research process. Data analysis was performed using Denize Oliveira's categorical analysis. Three categories emerged from the analysis: "Process of decision-making with end-of-life patients," "Ethical principles guiding decision-making," and "The ideal world and the real world of the decision-making process." The first category aimed to detail the decision-making process with end-of-life patients, highlighting the centralization of decision-making, multidisciplinary decision-making, and shared decision-making with patients and their families. The second category linked the decision-making process with end-of-life patients to Beauchamp and Childress' bioethical principles, demonstrating their individualized application to personalize decision-making. The third category identified the aspects that residents perceived as ideal for the decision-making process, as well as the challenges encountered in the clinical practice influenced by structural, social, and academic difficulties. The findings suggest that we are still far from an ideal model of decision-making, as it remains predominantly physician-centered, hierarchical, and lacking in shared decision-making with families and patients. AU

Prevalência de disfunções tireoidianas em pacientes atendidos no Laboratório Clínico do Hospital da Polícia Militar do Estado de Goiás no período de 2015 a 2016 / Prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in patients attended at the Clinical Laboratory of the Military Police Hospital of the Goias State in the period from 2015 to 2016

Objetivo: Realizar o rastreamento da prevalência das disfunções tireoidianas dos pacientes atendidos no Laboratório Clínico do Hospital do Policial Militar de Goiás, em Goiânia, GO. Métodos: Foi realizada a coleta de dados de 3.365 indivíduos com idades entre 01 e 99 anos, apresentando resultados das dosagens de TSH e T4 Livre e autoanticorpos tireoidianos (antitireoglobulina e antitireoperoxidase). A metodologia utilizada foi a eletroquimio- luminescência. Resultados: Dos 3.365 pacientes, 31,0% eram do sexo masculino e 69,0% do sexo feminino. Desse total, 25,9% utilizavam medicamento para tireoide e 74,1% não. A classificação quanto à disfunção tireoidiana foi baseada no número de indivíduos que não realizavam uso de medicamentos para tireoide, dos quais, 81,4% apresentaram resultados normais e 18,6% resultados alterados. Dentre os resultados alterados, o hipotireoidismo subclínico apresentou prevalência de 64,9% no sexo feminino, sendo a faixa de 40 a 49 anos a mais acometida. No sexo masculino, a prevalência foi de 35,1% sendo a faixa de 50 a 59 anos a mais atingida. As mulheres apresentaram 36,1% de positividade para um ou dois dos autoanticorpos e os homens um percentual de 26,3%. Indivíduos com hipotireoidismo subclínico associado ao índice de massa corporal alterado, exibiram um percentual de 69,8%. Conclusão: Na triagem das disfunções tireoidianas, é indispensável a solicitação do TSH, pois esse teste aponta pequenas variações séricas dos hormônios tireoidianos, porém a adoção do T4 Livre é fundamental quando o TSH apresenta limitações. O hipotireoidismo subclínico foi mais prevalente em mulheres, sendo justificado por idade avançada, menopausa e maior procura pelos serviços de saúde.