RESUMO
Primary prostatic lymphoma is an exceedingly rare entity comprising less than 0.09% of all prostatic cancers with follicular lymphoma making up only 12% as a subset. To our knowledge, primary follicular lymphoma co-existing with high grade prostatic adenocarcinoma presenting as a PI-RADS lesion 4 on mpMRI has not been previously described. We report the case of a 73-year-old male who presented with mildly elevated PSA and lower urinary tract symptoms. Prostate needle biopsy revealed low grade follicular lymphoma juxtaposed with high grade prostatic adenocarcinoma. The patient has been treated with radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma and is under observation for lymphoma progression.
RESUMO
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a disfiguring autoimmune skin disease characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate rich in T cells, which are strongly implicated in tissue damage. How these cells adapt to the skin environment and promote tissue inflammation and damage is not known. In lupus nephritis, we previously identified an inflammatory gene program in kidney-infiltrating T cells that is dependent on HIF-1, a transcription factor critical for the cellular and developmental response to hypoxia as well as inflammation-associated signals. In our present studies using a mouse model of lupus skin disease, we find that skin-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells also express high levels of HIF-1. Skin-infiltrating T cells demonstrated a strong cytotoxic signature at the transcript and protein levels, and HIF-1 inhibition abrogated skin and systemic diseases in association with decreased T cell cytotoxic activity. We also demonstrate in human CLE tissue that the T cell-rich inflammatory infiltrate exhibited increased amounts of HIF-1 and a cytotoxic signature. Granzyme B-expressing T cells were concentrated at sites of skin tissue damage in CLE, suggesting relevance of this pathway to human disease.