Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: Applying Artificial Intelligence to Electronic Health Records.

ABSTRACT: The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) applied to clinical data from electronic health records (EHRs) to improve early detection for pancreatic and other cancers remains underexplored. The Kenner Family Research Fund, in collaboration with the Cancer Biomarker Research Group at the National Cancer Institute, organized the workshop entitled: "Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges in Utilizing Electronic Health Records (EHR)" in March 2021. The workshop included a select group of panelists with expertise in pancreatic cancer, EHR data mining, and AI-based modeling. This review article reflects the findings from the workshop and assesses the feasibility of AI-based data extraction and modeling applied to EHRs. It highlights the increasing role of data sharing networks and common data models in improving the secondary use of EHR data. Current efforts using EHR data for AI-based modeling to enhance early detection of pancreatic cancer show promise. Specific challenges (biology, limited data, standards, compatibility, legal, quality, AI chasm, incentives) are identified, with mitigation strategies summarized and next steps identified.

The Calibration of dc Voltage Standards at NIST.

This document describes the procedures used at NIST to calibrate dc voltage standards in terms of the NIST volt. Three calibration services are offered by the Electricity Division: Regular Calibration Service (RCS) of client standard cells at NIST; the Volt Transfer Program (VTP) a process to determine the difference between the NIST volt and the volt as maintained by a group of standard cells in a client laboratory; and the calibration of client solid-state dc voltage standards at NIST. The operational procedures used to compare these voltage standards to NIST voltage standards and to maintain the NIST volt via the ac Josephson effect are discussed.

The EMF-Temperature Coefficient of "Acid" Standard Cells of the Saturated Cadmium Sulfate Type from 15 to 40° C.

This paper gives the results of new measurements of the effect of temperature on the electromotive force of standard cells of the saturated cadmium sulfate type. Measurements were made over the temperature range of 15 to 40 °C. Twelve cells of NBS manufacture and twenty-four cells supplied by two different commercial manufacturers were used in the studies. Final results were analyzed by the method of least squares using computer programs. The relation between emf and temperature for NBS, company 1, and company 2 cells was found to be given, respectively, by: E t = E 20 ° C - [ 40.44 ( t - 20 ) + 0.921 ( t - 20 ) 2 - 0.00866 ( t - 20 ) 3 ] × 10 - 6 V E t = E 20 ° C - [ 40.14 ( t - 20 ) + 0.888 ( t - 20 ) 2 - 0.00668 ( t - 20 ) 3 ] × 10 - 6 V E t = E 20 ° C - [ 39.28 ( t - 20 ) + 0.986 ( t - 20 ) 2 - 0.00943 ( t - 20 ) 3 ] × 10 - 6 V Values for the entropy and heat-capacity changes for the cell reaction in "acid" standard cells are also given.