Supplemental protein and energy for beef cows consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue.

Effects of energy and protein supplementation of endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum)-infected (E+) and noninfected (E-) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) on forage intake, digestibility, N flow to the small intestine, and cow-calf productivity was evaluated in two experiments. In Exp. 1, 10 ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers were fed either E- or E+ hay with four supplements or E- or E+ hay unsupplemented. Four supplements formulated with either cracked corn or soybean hulls with 100 or 200 g/d of ruminally undegraded intake protein (UIP) were compared. Levels of UIP were varied by adding soybean meal or blood meal. Hay OM intake was not affected (P > .20) by source of energy of level of UIP; however, intake of E- was greater (P < .05) than that of E+. True ruminal OM digestion tended to be greater (P < .12) for steers fed 200 g/d of UIP than for steers fed 100 g/d. Steers receiving 200 g/d of UIP had increased (P < .10) total N flow to the duodenum compared with steers receiving 100 g/d but similar (P > .20) microbial efficiencies. In Exp. 2, 30 cows (average initial BW 459 +/- 26 kg) and their calves (average initial BW 74 +/- 5 kg and 74 +/- 5 d of age) grazed an 8.1-ha E+ pasture from late May to late July. Cows were individually fed supplements used in Exp. 1 each day. Cows that received cracked corn lost .10 kg/d when fed 100 g/d of UIP but gained .33 kg/d when fed 200 g/d. Cows fed soybean hulls and 100 g/d of UIP gained .07 kg/d, whereas cows provided 200 g/d lost .10 kg/d. Calves nursing cows supplemented with 100 g/d of UIP gained more (P < .08) BW because of increased (P < .07) milk consumption and slightly greater (P < .19) forage intake than calves nursing cows supplemented with 200 g/d of UIP.

Injection of a dopamine antagonist into Holstein steers to relieve symptoms of fescue toxicosis.

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether administering a dopamine antagonist to steers fed endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue would increase serum prolactin (PRL) and reduce rectal temperature. Steers in both experiments were housed in environmentally controlled chambers (32 degrees C; 50% relative humidity). In Exp. 1, 10 steers were allotted randomly to receive s.c. injections of either 0, .006, .03, or .06 mg of Ro 24-0409 (dopamine antagonist)/kg BW. The experiment was designed in four phases: endophyte-free seed (E-) without antagonist (d -11 to 0); E- with antagonist (d 0 to 7); E+ with antagonist (d 7 to 28); E+ without antagonist (d 28 to 38). In Exp. 2, 22 Holstein steers were allotted randomly to the same treatments and design, except three steers were maintained on E- without antagonist. Steers were fed individually with intakes measured daily. In Exp. 1, feed intake and rectal temperature were not improved (P > .05) by antagonist injection. In Exp. 2, antagonist injections increased (P < .05) PRL. Ingestion of E+ decreased (P < .05) feed intake and serum PRL. Antagonist injection decreased (P < .05) rectal temperature and increased (P < .05) serum PRL.