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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(7): 1496-1498, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38916587

RESUMO

We analyzed West Nile Virus (WNV) exposure from 1,222 blood donors during 2017-2018 from an area of south-central Spain. Results revealed WNV seroprevalence of 0.08% (95% CI 0.004%-0.4%) in this population. Our findings underscore the need for continued surveillance and research to manage WNV infection in this region.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Doadores de Sangue , Febre do Nilo Ocidental , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Idoso
2.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(5): 984-990, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38666621

RESUMO

We conducted a cross-sectional study in wild boar and extensively managed Iberian pig populations in a hotspot area of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Spain. We tested for antibodies against CCHFV by using 2 ELISAs in parallel. We assessed the presence of CCHFV RNA by means of reverse transcription quantitative PCR protocol, which detects all genotypes. A total of 113 (21.8%) of 518 suids sampled showed antibodies against CCHFV by ELISA. By species, 106 (39.7%) of 267 wild boars and 7 (2.8%) of 251 Iberian pigs analyzed were seropositive. Of the 231 Iberian pigs and 231 wild boars analyzed, none tested positive for CCHFV RNA. These findings indicate high CCHFV exposure in wild boar populations in endemic areas and confirm the susceptibility of extensively reared pigs to CCHFV, even though they may only play a limited role in the enzootic cycle.


Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia-Congo , Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Vírus da Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia-Congo/imunologia , Vírus da Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia-Congo/genética , Vírus da Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia-Congo/isolamento & purificação , Espanha/epidemiologia , Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia/epidemiologia , Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia/veterinária , Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia/virologia , Suínos , Estudos Transversais , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sus scrofa/virologia , RNA Viral
3.
J Hepatol ; 77(2): 326-331, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35167911

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIM: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was considered the only member of the Hepeviridae family with zoonotic potential. Nevertheless, this consideration has been reassessed owing to several reported cases of acute and chronic hepatitis linked to the Orthohepevirus C genus. Because the circulation of Orthohepevirus C in rodents has been described worldwide, the risk of zoonotic transmission is plausibly global. METHODS: Orthohepevirus C RNA was retrospectively evaluated in 2 cohorts of patients in Spain. The first cohort included patients with acute hepatitis without etiological diagnosis after screening for hepatotropic virus infection. The second cohort included patients diagnosed with acute HEV infection, defined as positivity for anti-HEV-IgM antibodies and/or detectable HEV RNA in serum. RESULTS: Cohort 1 comprised 169 patients (64.4% male, median age 43 years) and cohort 2 comprised 98 individuals (68.3% male, median age 45 years). Of the individuals included in Cohort 1, two (1.18%; 95% CI 0.2-3.8) had detectable Orthohepevirus C RNA in serum. In Cohort 2, of the 98 included patients, 58 showed detectable HEV RNA, while 40 only showed positivity for IgM antibodies. Among those bearing only IgM antibodies, Orthohepevirus C RNA was detected in 1 (2.5%; 95% CI 0.06-13.1) individual. All strains were consistent with genotype C1. The infection resulted in mild self-limiting acute hepatitis in 2 patients. Infection caused severe acute hepatitis in the remaining patient who died as a result of liver and renal failure. CONCLUSIONS: We described 3 cases of Orthohepevirus C in patients with acute hepatitis, resulting in the first description of this infection in Europe. The prevalence obtained in our study suggests that Orthohepevirus C could be an emerging disease in Europe. LAY SUMMARY: We describe the first cases of acute hepatitis related to rat hepatitis E virus in Europe. The prevalence found in our study suggest that rat hepatitis E virus could be considered an emerging disease in Europe.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E , Animais , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M , Masculino , RNA , RNA Viral , Ratos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
4.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig ; 114(11): 639-640, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36205334

RESUMO

Recently, it has been reported the first cases of acute hepatitis linked to Orthohepevirus C, supposing the first cases in Europe. In this editorial, we summarized the main findings of this study, evidence of the viral circulation among human and animal populations, as well as the research points that need to be assessed regarding the epidemiology, clinical management and diagnosis of this emerging virus.


Assuntos
Hepatite , Animais , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia
5.
J Clin Microbiol ; 59(2)2021 01 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33148702

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to design a pangenotypic PCR-based assay for the detection and quantification of hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA from across the entire spectrum of described genotypes belonging to the Orthohepevirus A genus. The optimal conditions and the performance of the assay were determined by testing the WHO standard strain (6219/10) and the WHO HEV panel (8578/13). Similarly, performance comparisons were made with two commercial assays (Real Star HEV RT-PCR 2.0 and ampliCube HEV 2.0 Quant) to detect HEV RNA at concentrations below 1,000 IU/ml with viral strains from the WHO and to test samples from 54 patients with acute hepatitis. The assay presented in this study was able to detect the entire spectrum of described genotypes belonging to the Orthohepevirus A genus, demonstrating better performance than both commercial kits. This procedure may represent a significant improvement in the molecular diagnosis of HEV infection.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/genética , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
6.
J Med Internet Res ; 23(2): e18766, 2021 02 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33624609

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The dataset from genes used to predict hepatitis C virus outcome was evaluated in a previous study using a conventional statistical methodology. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to reanalyze this same dataset using the data mining approach in order to find models that improve the classification accuracy of the genes studied. METHODS: We built predictive models using different subsets of factors, selected according to their importance in predicting patient classification. We then evaluated each independent model and also a combination of them, leading to a better predictive model. RESULTS: Our data mining approach identified genetic patterns that escaped detection using conventional statistics. More specifically, the partial decision trees and ensemble models increased the classification accuracy of hepatitis C virus outcome compared with conventional methods. CONCLUSIONS: Data mining can be used more extensively in biomedicine, facilitating knowledge building and management of human diseases.


Assuntos
Mineração de Dados/métodos , Hepacivirus/classificação , Algoritmos , Humanos
7.
J Viral Hepat ; 26(5): 603-608, 2019 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30661278

RESUMO

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents a major health problem worldwide. As the course of HEV cases is often subclinical, asymptomatic infections could represent an important source of viral spread and infection via routes such as blood donations. Before universal screening for HEV in blood donations can be implemented, studies evaluating the incidence of infection are needed to establish the potential risk of viral transmission. This is a prospective longitudinal study that included blood donors recruited at the Hospital de Ciudad Real Transfusion Service between October 2017 and January 2018. Pools of eight donations were tested for HEV viremia by PCR. Positive pools were individually evaluated following the same procedure. Positive samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM. Recipients of blood transfusions obtained from HEV-positive donors were retrospectively evaluated. The prevalence of HEV was calculated. A total of 11 313 healthy donors were analysed during the study period. Four blood donations from four different donors were HEV RNA-reactive. The prevalence of HEV infection was 0.035% (95% CI: 0.01%-0.09%), which meant a ratio of one positive donation per 2828 donations. All donors were negative for anti-HEV IgM at the time of the donation. Five patients received transfusions from HEV-positive blood donations, none of them showed an increase in alanine aminotransferase levels after transfusion. In conclusion, our study found a high prevalence of HEV infection in blood donors from south-central Spain. In view of the prevalence, Spanish blood banks should carefully consider including screening for HEV.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Vírus da Hepatite E/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Idoso , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Hospitais , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Incidência , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
8.
J Viral Hepat ; 26(1): 16-24, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30141222

RESUMO

Among patients with cirrhosis, recovery of liver function after SVR to all-oral direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in HIV/HCV coinfection could be different to that in HCV monoinfection. Because of this, we compared the changes in several markers of liver function between HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with cirrhosis who achieved SVR12 to DAA combinations. In this retrospective cohort study, cirrhotics included in the HEPAVIR-DAA and GEHEP-MONO cohorts were selected if they had SVR12 to all-oral DAAs. Patients treated with atazanavir were excluded. Liver function improvement was defined as Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) decrease ≥1 and/or MELD decrease ≥2 between baseline and SVR12. Liver function worsening was defined as a CPT increase ≥1 and/or MELD increase ≥2 and/or decompensations between baseline and SVR12. We included 490 patients, 270 (55%) of them with HIV coinfection. Liver function improved in 50 (56%) HCV-infected individuals and in 82 (57%) HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (P = 0.835). Liver function worsened in 33 (15%) HCV-monoinfected patients and in 33 (13%) HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (P = 0.370). Factors independently related with liver function improvement were male gender [adjusted OR (AOR) 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.03-4.2), P = 0.040], bilirubin < 1.2 mg/dL (AOR 1.8 [95% CI: 1.004-3.3], P = 0.49), and INR < 1.3 (AOR 2.4 [95% CI: 1.2-5.0], P = 0.019) at baseline. After multivariate analysis, albumin < 3.5 g/dL was associated with liver function worsening (AOR 6.1 [95% CI: 3-12.5], P < 0.001). Liver function worsening and improvement rates after responding to DAA are similar among HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected cirrhotics. Gender, INR, bilirubin, and albumin levels were associated with liver function changes after response to DAAs.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Cirrose Hepática/virologia , Fígado/fisiologia , Administração Oral , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/virologia , Humanos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Função Hepática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais
9.
Liver Int ; 39(10): 1918-1926, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31206233

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A low proportion of individuals repeatedly exposed to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain uninfected. This condition could have a genetic basis but it is not known whether or not it is mainly driven by a high-penetrance common allele. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether low susceptibility to HCV infection is mainly driven by a high-penetrance common allele. METHODS: In this genome-wide association study (GWAS), a total of 804 HCV-seropositive individuals and 27 high-risk HCV-seronegative (HRSN) subjects were included. Plink and Magma software were used to carry out single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based and gene-based association analyses respectively. RESULTS: No SNP nor any gene was associated with low susceptibility to HCV infection after multiple testing correction. However, SNPs previously associated with this trait and allocated within the LDLR gene, rs5925 and rs688, were also associated with this condition in our study under a dominant model (24 out of 27 [88.9%] rs5925-C carriers in the HRSN group vs 560 of 804 [69.6%] rs5925-C carriers in the HCV-seropositive group, P = 0.031, odds ratio [OR] = 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-11.58; and 24 out of 27 [88.9%] rs688-T carriers in the HRSN group vs 556 of 804 [69.1%] rs688-T carriers in the HCV-seropositive group, P = 0.028, OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.65-11.96). CONCLUSIONS: Low susceptibility to HCV infection does not seem to be mainly driven by a high-penetrant common allele. By contrast, it seems a multifactorial trait where genes such as LDLR could be involved.


Assuntos
Hepatite C/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores de LDL/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Hepacivirus , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha
10.
BMC Vet Res ; 14(1): 54, 2018 Feb 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29482645

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that wildlife can serve as natural reservoirs of hepatitis E virus (HEV). The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is probably the main natural reservoir of HEV and could therefore represent an important route of transmission in Europe, especially in regions where game meat is widely consumed. We evaluated the prevalence of HEV infection in wild boar in the south of Spain, with the aim of identifying associated risk factors. A cross-sectional study that included hunted wild boar was carried out during the 2015/2016 hunting season (October 15 to February 15) in Andalusia (southern Spain). The outcome variable was HEV infection, defined as amplification of HEV RNA in serum by RT-PCR. RESULTS: A total of 142 animals, selected from 12 hunting areas, were included and formed the study population. Thirty-three wild boars (23.2%; 95% CI: 16.8%-30.7%) were positive for HEV infection. Prevalence peaked in October and November, then gradually declined until the end of December. After multivariate analysis, only hunting date was independently associated with HEV infection across sex and age. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found a relatively high prevalence of HEV infection in wild boar in the south of Spain, suggesting that prevalence may depend on the season when the animal is hunted. In consequence, the potential risk of zoonotic transmission could fluctuate.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Feminino , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Hepatite E/virologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Estações do Ano , Espanha/epidemiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia
11.
Clin Infect Dis ; 64(7): 964-966, 2017 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28077520

RESUMO

Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) is regarded as a self-limiting infection and anti-HEV antibodies seem to protect against reinfection, its pathogenesis is not well established. We describe 2 cases of acute symptomatic HEV infection after hepatitis C therapy in patients carrying anti-HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies, raising 2 major questions: reactivation or reinfection?


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite E/virologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Idoso , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Coinfecção , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C/virologia , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carga Viral , Ativação Viral
12.
J Virol Methods ; 326: 114915, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38479590

RESUMO

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic orthonairovirus of public health concern and widespread geographic distribution. Several animal species are known to seroconvert after infection with CCHFV without showing clinical symptoms. The commercial availability of a multi-species ELISA has led to an increase in recent serosurveillance studies as well as in the range of species reported to be exposed to CCHFV in the field, including wild boar (Sus scrofa). However, development and validation of confirmatory serological tests for swine based on different CCHFV antigens or test principles are hampered by the lack of defined control sera from infected and non-infected animals. For the detection of anti-CCHFV antibodies in swine, we established a swine-specific in-house ELISA using a panel of swine sera from CCHFV-free regions and regions with reported CCHFV circulation. We initially screened more than 700 serum samples from wild boar and domestic pigs and observed a correlation of ≃67% between the commercial and the in-house test. From these sera, we selected a panel of 60 samples that were further analyzed in a newly established indirect immunofluorescence assay (iIFA) and virus neutralization test. ELISA-non-reactive samples tested negative. Interestingly, only a subset of samples reactive in both ELISA and iIFA displayed CCHFV-neutralizing antibodies. The observed partial discrepancy between the tests may be explained by different test sensitivities, antibody cross-reactivities or suggests that the immune response to CCHFV in swine is not necessarily associated with eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Overall, this study highlights that meaningful CCHFV serology in swine, and possibly other species, should involve the performance of multiple tests and careful interpretation of the results.


Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia-Congo , Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia , Animais , Suínos , Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia/diagnóstico , Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia/veterinária , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Testes Sorológicos , Sus scrofa , Anticorpos Antivirais
13.
One Health ; 18: 100690, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39010960

RESUMO

Paslahepevirus balayani (formerly known as hepatitis E virus) is an emerging cause of foodborne disease in Europe, transmitted mainly by the consumption of raw or undercooked pork. Since little is known about the presence of the virus in several pork products that are eaten uncooked, our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of Paslahepevirus balayani in groups of commercial pork products intended for human consumption subjected to different processing techniques. A total of 1265 samples of pork products from Spain were divided into four groups and tested for the presence of Paslahepevirus balayani RNA: unprocessed pig and wild boar meat frozen at -20 °C (n = 389), dry-cured pork products (n = 391), dry-cured and salted pork products (n = 219), and boiled products (n = 266) (none of these products contained pork liver). Five samples were positive for Paslahepevirus balayani RNA (overall prevalence: 0.4%; 95% CI: 0.17% - 0.92%). All positive samples were from unprocessed meat stored at -20 °C, with a prevalence in this group of 1.3% (95% CI: 0.42-3.44); two samples came from pigs (1.1%; 95% CI: 0.13-3.81) and three from wild boar (1.5%; 95% CI: 0.31-4.28). None of the pork samples in the other groups was positive. In conclusion, Paslahepevirus balayani was found in unprocessed swine products form Spain, but not in processed products intended to be consumed undercooked, demonstrating that transmission of this zoonotic virus by eating these pork products should be more seriously considered.

14.
J Clin Invest ; 134(8)2024 Feb 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38376918

RESUMO

BACKGROUNDPersistent controllers (PCs) maintain antiretroviral-free HIV-1 control indefinitely over time, while transient controllers (TCs) eventually lose virological control. It is essential to characterize the quality of the HIV reservoir in terms of these phenotypes in order to identify the factors that lead to HIV progression and to open new avenues toward an HIV cure.METHODSThe characterization of HIV-1 reservoir from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using next-generation sequencing techniques, such as full-length individual and matched integration site proviral sequencing (FLIP-Seq; MIP-Seq).RESULTSPCs and TCs, before losing virological control, presented significantly lower total, intact, and defective proviruses compared with those of participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART). No differences were found in total and defective proviruses between PCs and TCs. However, intact provirus levels were lower in PCs compared with TCs; indeed the intact/defective HIV-DNA ratio was significantly higher in TCs. Clonally expanded intact proviruses were found only in PCs and located in centromeric satellite DNA or zinc-finger genes, both associated with heterochromatin features. In contrast, sampled intact proviruses were located in permissive genic euchromatic positions in TCs.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest the need for, and can give guidance to, the design of future research to identify a distinct proviral landscape that may be associated with the persistent control of HIV-1 without ART.FUNDINGInstituto de Salud Carlos III (FI17/00186, FI19/00083, MV20/00057, PI18/01532, PI19/01127 and PI22/01796), Gilead Fellowships (GLD22/00147). NIH grants AI155171, AI116228, AI078799, HL134539, DA047034, MH134823, amfAR ARCHE and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , HIV-1 , Humanos , HIV-1/genética , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Provírus/genética , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico
15.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 14: 1230046, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37810880

RESUMO

Background & objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) and the expression of some microRNAs could be useful as biomarkers for the diagnosis of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to identify patterns of differential expression of microRNAs in PLWH and assess their diagnostic value for NALFD. Methods: A discovery case-control study with PLWH was carried out. The expression of miRNAs was determined using HTG EdgeSeq technology. Cases were defined as patients with severe NAFLD and controls as patients without NAFLD, characterized using the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Cases and controls were matched 1:1 for age, sex, BMI, CD4+ lymphocyte count, active HCV infection, and ART regimen. Results: Serum 2,083 simultaneous microRNA transcripts were analyzed using HTG technology and compared between cases and controls. Forty-five patients, 23 cases, and 22 controls were included in the study. In the analysis of the expression pattern of the 2,083 microRNAs, no differential expression patterns were found between both groups of patients included in the study. Conclusion: Analysis of the microRNA transcriptome profile of nonobese PLWH with severe NAFLD did not appear to differ from that of patients without NAFLD. Thus, microRNA might not serve as a proper biomarker for predicting severe NALFD in this population.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , MicroRNAs , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , MicroRNAs/genética , HIV , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/genética , Biomarcadores
16.
Microb Biotechnol ; 16(6): 1325-1332, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36965117

RESUMO

To evaluate the diagnostic value of the combination of two broad-range PCR assays targeting two different and conserved regions of the viral genome for the diagnosis of acute Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Patients with acute hepatitis were prospectively recruited. In all, HEV-IgM antibodies were tested together with evaluation of HEV viraemia by two PCR assays (ORF3 and ORF1). The number of individuals exhibiting negative IgM antibody results but carrying viral RNA was calculated by each PCR assay. Four-hundred and seventy individuals were included, of whom 145 (30.8%) were diagnosed as having acute HEV. Of them, 122 (84.1%) exhibited HEV-IgM antibodies, and 81 (55.8%) had detectable viral RNA for at least one PCR. Using the ORF3 molecular assay, 70 (48.3%) individuals were identified with HEV infection. When the ORF1 molecular assay was applied, 49 (33.8%) individuals were identified. The ORF3 assay detected viral RNA in 32 patients not detected by the ORF1 assay. In contrast, the ORF1 assay could amplify viral RNA in 11 patients who were not detected by the ORF3 assay. The parallel use of two broad-range PCR assays significantly increased the performance of the molecular diagnosis of HEV.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E , Humanos , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite , Imunoglobulina M , RNA Viral/genética
17.
One Health ; 16: 100539, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37363253

RESUMO

Introduction: Paslahepevirus balayani (HEV) is an endemic zoonotic disease ranked as a major cause of acute hepatitis in Europe. Most infections occurring in Europe are due to the endemic several subtypes of genotype 3, through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork, observing a genotype geographical distribution pattern among countries Because of global changes in the pig and pork trading markets, subtype distribution might vary. We aimed to evaluate the temporal distribution of HEV genotypes in patients from southern Spain with acute hepatitis to determine whether these changes were related to the pig import trade during the study period between 2018 and 2022. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study including patients with acute hepatitis from southern Spain between 2018 and 2022. HEV RNA and antibodies was tested in all patients. In patients with detectable HEV RNA, genotype was obtained. To determine the number of imported pigs and their origins, we checked the official data from the Spanish statistics on international trade of Spanish Minister of Industry during by country of origin during the same study period. Results: A total of 659 patients with acute hepatitis were included in the study. Among them, 162 (24.5%) had at least one marker (IgM or RNA) of acute HEV infection. Among the 71 patients with detectable viral RNA, genotypes could be obtained for 58 (81.6%). The most prevalent HEV genotype was 3f (n = 48; 78.6%), showing a decreasing prevalence of over time, from 100% in 2018 to 70.6% in 2022. Since 2021, the emergence of other genotypes has been determined. A significant increase in the number of animals imported was observed since the beginning of the study. Denmark experienced a significant rise, from 0.03% in 2018 of total imports to 10.4% in 2022. Conclusions: HEV molecular diversity is changing in Spain, could be linked to changes in fattening pig import origin.

18.
BMC Zool ; 7(1): 21, 2022 Apr 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37170157

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The 'snow-melt mosquito' aedes (rusticoidus) refiki is a rare species with a wide distribution in Europe that is usually defined as an aggressive mosquito for mammals, including humans. During a mosquito survey in a peri-urban area in south-central mainland Spain, adult Ae. refiki females were captured and identified by morphological traits. The presence of this species of mosquito has never been molecularly confirmed under continental dry Mediterranean climatic influence with scarce number of days with snow on soil. The aim of this study was to confirm by amplification and sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. RESULTS: We also successfully amplified and typed the species molecularly by COI and ITS2 regions. The peri-urban area where Ae. refiki was found contrasts with the reported cold, humid and snowy environments required by the species to breed. CONCLUSIONS: This finding suggests that the species is already adapted to continental dry Mediterranean environments, questioning whether it is a truly stenotopic species of cold snowy environments.

19.
Front Vet Sci ; 9: 874030, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35558890

RESUMO

An experimental infection approach was used to estimate the competence of the common mosquito, Culex pipiens, for hepatitis E virus replication and transmission, using an isolate of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 of human origin in varying infectious doses. The experimental approach was carried out in biosafety level 2 conditions on three batches of 120 Cx. pipiens females, each using an artificial feeding system containing the virus in aliquots of fresh avian blood. Mosquitoes from each batch were collected 1, 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection (dpi) and dissected. The proboscis was subjected to forced excretion of saliva to estimate potential virus transmission. HEV RNA presence in abdomen, thorax, and saliva samples was analyzed by PCR at the selected post-infection times. HEV RNA was detected in the abdomens of Cx. pipiens females collected 1 dpi in the two experimentally-infected batches, but not in the saliva or thorax. None of the samples collected 7-21 dpi were positive. Our results show that Cx. pipiens is not a competent vector for HEV, at least for zoonotic genotype 3.

20.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 69(6): 3317-3324, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35986711

RESUMO

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of viral acute hepatitis in the world, affecting more than 20 million people annually. During the acute phase of infection, HEV can be detected in various body fluids, which has a significant impact in terms of transmission, diagnosis or extrahepatic manifestations. Several studies have isolated HEV in the genitourinary tract of humans and animals, which could have important clinical and epidemiological implications. So, our main objective was to evaluate the presence of HEV in testis of naturally infected wild boars (Sus scrofa). For it, blood, liver, hepatic lymph node and testicle samples were collected from 191 male wild boars. The presence of HEV was evaluated in serum by PCR, as well as in tissues by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Four animals (2.09%; 95%CI: 0.82-5.26) showed detectable HEV RNA in serum, being confirmed the presence of HEV-3f genotype in three of them by phylogenetic analysis. HEV was also detected in liver and/or hepatic lymph nodes of the four animals by RT-PCR, as well as by immunohistochemistry analysis. Only one of these wild boars also showed detectable viral load in testis, observing HEV-specific labelling in a small number of fibroblasts and some Sertoli cells. Our results confirm the presence of HEV genotype 3 in naturally infected wild boar testis, although no associated tissue damage was evidenced. This study does not allow us to discard semen as a possible source of HEV transmission in suids. Future experimental studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of HEV genotype 3 on fertility and the possibility of transmission through sexual contact in this specie.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E , Doenças dos Suínos , Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Suínos , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Hepatite E/veterinária , Testículo , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Genótipo , Sus scrofa
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