Effect of kombucha intake on the gut microbiota and obesity-related comorbidities: A systematic review.

Kombucha is a fermented nonalcoholic tea-based beverage produced through a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts. In vitro studies have demonstrated antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-carcinogenic properties of kombucha. However, no systematic reviews have evaluated the effects of kombucha in vivo. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the evidence that exists so far about kombucha consumption on comorbidities associated with obesity as well as on the gut microbiota. The search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020158917). The MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were used in the search considering the following terms: "kombucha" OR "kombucha tea" OR "kombucha teas" OR "tea, kombucha" OR "teas, kombucha" NOT "review." Fifteen studies were included in this review. The results suggest that kombucha consumption attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation, improves the liver detoxification process, and reduces intestinal dysbiosis. There is evidence that kombucha consumption is beneficial for the control and treatment of obesity and associated comorbidities, as well as for the modulation of the gut microbiota in vivo.

Can resveratrol modulate sirtuins in obesity and related diseases? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

PURPOSE: Human sirtuins can be a powerful therapeutic target in preventing and treating obesity and age-related diseases. Some dietary components can modulate sirtuins' activity, such as resveratrol. This systematic review aimed to assess whether resveratrol (RSV), without other interventions, can stimulate sirtuins in the treatment of excess weight and its comorbidities. METHODS: MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were used for search eligible articles. Randomized clinical trials assessing RSV supplementation on changes in the sirtuins' gene expression/protein levels was the primary outcome. Other possible changes in cardiometabolic markers were considered the second outcome. Following PRISMA guidelines and using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently and in parallel screened, assessed the studies' quality, and compiled data. Disagreements were resolved by consensus or consulting a third author. RESULTS: This review included seven randomized control trials. Four articles demonstrated a significant increase in SIRT-1 with different RSV dosages and interventions time. The secondary outcomes showed improvements in insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, metabolic flexibility, total antioxidant capacity, energy expenditure changes, and reduction of ectopic accumulation of fat. CONCLUSION: Data from RCTs studies showed that RSV supplementation could stimulate SIRT-1 in humans, and therefore contribute to the treatment of excess weight and its comorbidities. However, more research is needed because it was not possible to confirm this effect truly. [PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020205571].

Food insecurity and sociodemographic factors among children in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil, 2017: a cross-sectional study. / Insegurança alimentar e fatores sociodemográficos em crianças de São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, 2017: estudo transversal.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze association between food insecurity (FI) and sociodemographic factors among children. METHODS: The study was carried out from May to November 2017 with mothers of children (18 - 35 months old) enrolled at public education facilities in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. FI was determined by the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale. Multinomial logistic regression was used with a hierarchical model. RESULTS: 395 mothers/children participated. Overall FI prevalence was 34.7% (95%CI 28.5;41.5), with prevalence of 25.7% (95%CI 19.2;32.3) for mild FI (MFI) and 9.0% (95%CI 8.5;9.4) for moderate/severe FI (MSFI). Families in the lowest income tercile had higher likelihood of MFI (OR=3.06 - 95%CI 1.26;7.41) or MSFI (OR=6.35 - 95%CI 1.89;21.4) when compared to the highest tercile. Higher MFI prevalence was identified in male children (OR=2.34 - 95%CI 1.49;3.68). CONCLUSION: FI was associated with lower income and MFI with male children. Public policies to increase income must be included in FI reduction strategies.

Insegurança alimentar e fatores sociodemográficos em crianças de São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, 2017: estudo transversal / Inseguridad alimentaria y factores sociodemográficos en niños de São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brasil, 2017: estudio transversal / Food insecurity and sociodemographic factors among children in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil, 2017: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre insegurança alimentar (IA) e fatores sociodemográficos em crianças. Métodos: Estudo realizado no período maio-novembro de 2017, com mães de crianças (18-35 meses) matriculadas na rede pública de ensino de São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brasil. A IA foi acessada pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Utilizou-se regressão logística multinomial com modelo hierárquico. Resultados: Participaram 395 mães/crianças. A prevalência da IA foi de 34,7% (IC95% 28,5;41,5), sendo 25,7% (IC95% 19,2;32,3) para IA leve (IAL) e 9,0% (IC95% 8,5;9,4) para IA moderada/grave (IAMG). Famílias pertencentes ao menor tercil de renda tiveram maior chance de IAL (OR=3,06 - IC95% 1,26;7,41) ou IAMG (OR=6,35 - IC95% 1,89;21,4), comparadas ao maior tercil. Maior prevalência de IAL foi identificada em meninos (OR=2,34 - IC95% 1,49;3,68). Conclusão: IA foi associada a menor renda; e IAL, ao sexo masculino da criança. Políticas públicas de aumento de renda devem ser incluídas nas estratégias de redução da IA.

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre inseguridad alimentaria (IA) y factores sociodemográficos en niños. Métodos: Estudio realizado de mayo a noviembre (2017) con madres de niños (18 - 35 meses) de escuelas públicas de São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brasil. AI fue medida por la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria. Se utilizó regresión logística multinomial, con un modelo jerárquico. Resultados: 395 madres/niños participaron. La prevalencia de IA fue 34,7% (IC95% 28,5;41,5), con 25,7% (IC95% 19,2;32,3) para IA leve (IAL) e 9,0% (IC95% 8,5;9,4) para IA moderada/grave (IAMG). Familias en el tercil de ingresos más bajo tenían mayor IAL (RO=3,06 - IC95% 1,26;7,41) o IAMG (RO=6,35 - IC95% 1,89;21,4) en comparación con el mayor tercil. Hubo mayor prevalencia de IAL en varones (RO=2,34 - IC95% 1,49;3,68). Conclusión: La IA se asoció con menores ingresos y la IAL con el sexo masculino del niño. Las políticas públicas para aumentar los ingresos deben incluirse en las estrategias de reducción de la IA.

Objective: To analyze association between food insecurity (FI) and sociodemographic factors among children. Methods: The study was carried out from May to November 2017 with mothers of children (18 - 35 months old) enrolled at public education facilities in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. FI was determined by the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale. Multinomial logistic regression was used with a hierarchical model. Results: 395 mothers/children participated. Overall FI prevalence was 34.7% (95%CI 28.5;41.5), with prevalence of 25.7% (95%CI 19.2;32.3) for mild FI (MFI) and 9.0% (95%CI 8.5;9.4) for moderate/severe FI (MSFI). Families in the lowest income tercile had higher likelihood of MFI (OR=3.06 - 95%CI 1.26;7.41) or MSFI (OR=6.35 - 95%CI 1.89;21.4) when compared to the highest tercile. Higher MFI prevalence was identified in male children (OR=2.34 - 95%CI 1.49;3.68). Conclusion: FI was associated with lower income and MFI with male children. Public policies to increase income must be included in FI reduction strategies.

Nutrition students beliefs on the nutritional information and nutritional claims in the pre-packaged food products: an application of the Theory of Planned Behavior / Crenças de estudantes de nutrição sobre informação e alegação nutricional em produtos alimentícios: uma aplicação da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado

This study identified the modal salient behavior, the normative and the control modal beliefs on the nutritional label use for the prepackaged food products among the college students. In November 2015, the exploratory qualitative research was conducted with 19 nutrition students, applying the concepts of Theory of Planned Behavior. Contents analysis of two organized focus groups and the statistical descriptive analysis of quantitative variables were performed. Both focus groups mentioned the advantages of the use of nutritional information, as the assistance for choosing the healthy food. A specific disadvantage associated with the mentioned nutritional claims was this influence on the purchase decisions (behavioral beliefs). The students mentioned their parents and siblings as the peoples who approve the use of this information, when they purchase a product (normative beliefs). Small lettering and difficulty to interpret the portions size indicated in the nutritional information on the labels were the factors, which could difficult their use. Making easy to read the nutritional claims tend to stimulate the purchasing decisions (control beliefs). Eleven salient modal beliefs were identified, which may explain participants' behavior when using information and nutrition claims. (AU)

O trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as crenças modais salientes comportamentais, normativas e de controle sobre o uso do rótulo nutricional de produtos alimentícios entre estudantes universitários. Em novembro de 2015, 19 estudantes de nutrição participaram de pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, que abordou conceitos da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. Foram realizadas a análise de conteúdo de dois grupos focais e a análise estatística descritiva das variáveis quantitativas. Ambos os grupos focais mencionaram vantagens do uso de informações nutricionais, como auxílio na realização de escolhas de alimentos saudáveis. Uma desvantagem específica associada às alegações nutricionais mencionada, foi a influência desta na decisão de compra (crenças comportamentais). Os alunos mencionaram seus pais e irmãos como pessoas que aprovam o uso dessa informação, quando compram um produto (crenças normativas). Quanto às letras pequenas e à dificuldade de interpretar o tamanho das porções, na informação nutricional nos rótulos, foram fatores que poderiam dificultar o uso. Em relação às alegações nutricionais, por serem fáceis de ler, tenderam a estimular as decisões de compra (crenças de controle). Foram identificadas 11 crenças modais salientes, que podem explicar o comportamento dos participantes ao usar a informação e as alegações nutricionais. (AU)

Nutrition students beliefs on the nutritional information and nutritional claims in the pre-packaged food products: an application of the Theory of Planned Behavior / Crenças de estudantes de nutrição sobre informação e alegação nutricional em produtos alimentícios: uma aplicação da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado

This study identified the modal salient behavior, the normative and the control modal beliefs on the nutritional label use for the prepackaged food products among the college students. In November 2015, the exploratory qualitative research was conducted with 19 nutrition students, applying the concepts of Theory of Planned Behavior. Contents analysis of two organized focus groups and the statistical descriptive analysis of quantitative variables were performed. Both focus groups mentioned the advantages of the use of nutritional information, as the assistance for choosing the healthy food. A specific disadvantage associated with the mentioned nutritional claims was this influence on the purchase decisions (behavioral beliefs). The students mentioned their parents and siblings as the peoples who approve the use of this information, when they purchase a product (normative beliefs). Small lettering and difficulty to interpret the portions size indicated in the nutritional information on the labels were the factors, which could difficult their use. Making easy to read the nutritional claims tend to stimulate the purchasing decisions (control beliefs). Eleven salient modal beliefs were identified, which may explain participants’ behavior when using information and nutrition claims.

O trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as crenças modais salientes comportamentais, normativas e de controle sobre o uso do rótulo nutricional de produtos alimentícios entre estudantes universitários. Em novembro de 2015, 19 estudantes de nutrição participaram de pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, que abordou conceitos da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. Foram realizadas a análise de conteúdo de dois grupos focais e a análise estatística descritiva das variáveis quantitativas. Ambos os grupos focais mencionaram vantagens do uso de informações nutricionais, como auxílio na realização de escolhas de alimentos saudáveis. Uma desvantagem específica associada às alegações nutricionais mencionada, foi a influência desta na decisão de compra (crenças comportamentais). Os alunos mencionaram seus pais e irmãos como pessoas que aprovam o uso dessa informação, quando compram um produto (crenças normativas). Quanto às letras pequenas e à dificuldade de interpretar o tamanho das porções, na informação nutricional nos rótulos, foram fatores que poderiam dificultar o uso. Em relação às alegações nutricionais, por serem fáceis de ler, tenderam a estimular as decisões de compra (crenças de controle). Foram identificadas 11 crenças modais salientes, que podem explicar o comportamento dos participantes ao usar a informação e as alegações nutricionais.

Excess Body Weight, Snack Limits and Dental Caries in Brazilian Preschoolers: A Population-Based Study

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between excess body weight (EBW) and the prevalence of dental caries in preschoolers considering parental control regarding snack consumption. Material and Methods: An observational, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at Municipal Child Education Centers in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, involving a representative sample of 686 preschool children aged four to five years and eleven months and their parents/caregivers. Dental caries was analyzed using the dmft index. Weight and height were measured for the determination of the body mass index, which was categorized for each zscore range considering age and sex. Children with overweight or obesity were considered to have EBW. The assessment of nutritional status was performed with the aid of the WHO Anthro and WHO Anthro Plus programs. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analysis with robust variance (α= 0.05). Results: The children with EBW had a lower prevalence rate of caries, but this association lost its significance when adjusted by the other variables included in the multivariate model. In the multivariate regression analysis, household income per capita (PR=0.804; 95%CI: 0.665-0.972), child's age (PR=1.015; 95%CI: 1.001-1.029) and snack limits (PR=0.839; 95%IC: 0.732-0.962) were associated with a greater prevalence rate of dental caries. Conclusion: Excess body weight was not significantly associated with dental caries, whereas a lower parental limit regarding snack consumption by the children was independently associated with a higher prevalence rate of dental caries.