RESUMO
Cardiovascular toxicity is one of the important problems of clinical oncology. Atherosclerosis progression was demonstrated in patients with cancer and chemotherapy.Te aim - to evaluate the vascular wall characteristics and to determine the predictors of AS of brachiocephalic arteries progression during anticancer therapy in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: Te study involved 43 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) (II-III stage) with overexpression of HER2; median age 50 (40;57) years. All patients underwent neoadjuvant drug therapy with antracyclines, taxanes and trastuzumab followed by surgery, radiation and hormone therapy according to the indications. Before anticancer therapy the general clinical examination was conducted and lipid profle, plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] level, titres of autoantibodies IgM and IgG to lipoproteins and their oxidized derivatives were estimated. Te vascular wall stiï¬ness (pulse wave velocity on the carotid-femoral (PWVcf) and shoulder-ankle (PWVsa) segments, the central pressure, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the degree of stenosis of the brachiocephalic arteries) were determined at baseline and at each stage of anticancer therapy. Te atherosclerosis progression was determined if the new stenosis (≥15%) or increase of preexisting stenosis (≥5%) were revealed; CIMT increase ≥ 0.1 mm. Te parameters of cellular immunity (peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotyping via direct immunoï¬uorescence and ï¬ow cytometry), lipid spectrum parameters, serum concentration of Lp (a), autoantibodies IgM and IgG against lipoproteins and their oxidized derivatives, as well as PWVÑf and PWVsa were assessed in 17 BC patients before the onset of neoadjuvant therapy and in 20 healthy women. RESULTS: BC patients and healthy women were comparable in traditional cardiovascular risk factors but diï¬ered in PWVsa and PWVcf levels (p<0.05). In BC patients the activation of T-cell immunity with the stimulation of both subpopulations with pro-inï¬ammatory and regulatory properties was observed (p<0.05). Te direct correlations between the content of activated T-lymphocytes (T-act), T-helpers (T) 1 and PWVsa (p<0.05), as well as T-act, T1 and T2 and PWVcf (p<0.05) were revealed in the general group. Te decrease of systolic blood pressure (SBP), central SBP (SBPc), central diastolic blood pressure (DBPc), PWVcf and PWVsa levels accompanied with a temporary heart rate increase were observed during anticancer therapy; SBP, SBPc, PWVcf levels restored by the end of the follow-up period. Te CIMT increase was detected in 22 (51%), and the atherosclerosis progression in 26 (60%) BC patients during anticancer therapy. Lp (a) level above 12.8 mg/dl was associated with CIMT increase (p<0.05). Age > 48 years and radiation therapy were risk factors for CIMT increase and atherosclerosis progression (p<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Te vascular stiï¬ness is increased in BC patients, which is associated with the activation of eï¬ector subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and the elevation of circulating level of both pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic T-cells. Te level of Lp (a) above 12.8 mg/dl is associated with atherosclerosis progression, which requires further research. Age and radiation therapy are the risk factors for atherosclerosis progression during anticancer therapy.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose , Neoplasias da Mama , Rigidez Vascular , Adulto , Artérias , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
High-molecular weight chitosan (200 kDa, 75% deacetylated) and N-succinoyl chitosan (300 kDa, 75% deacetylated) were shown to have a preadaptive effect and increase the lifespan of honeybees due to the induction of protective antioxidant and immune mechanisms. Chitosan with a molecular weight of 200 kDa had a fungistatic effect on a pathogenic fungus that causes ascospherosis, a disease of bee larvae and pupae.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Abelhas/imunologia , Quitosana/farmacocinética , Animais , Larva/imunologiaRESUMO
The presence of circulating tumor cells in the blood of patients with triple negative breast cancer (early and locally advanced cancer) before and after preoperative chemotherapy was assessed using expression markers. Before therapy, circulating tumor cells were detected in 5 of 13 (38%) patients with early cancer and in 7 of 17 (41.2%) patients with locally advanced cancer. After therapy, the circulating immune cells were detected in one patient with locally advanced cancer, who had no circulating cells before therapy. The tumor was resistant to chemotherapy and the disease progressed. The detected circulating tumor cells were HER-2-positive, while the primary tumor was HER-2-negative. It was concluded that the circulating immune cells can be a potential marker of the efficiency of therapy and predictors of the disease course, while their phenotype can differ from the phenotype of the primary tumor.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma in Situ/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/diagnóstico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma in Situ/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma in Situ/genética , Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/genética , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Genótipo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Fenótipo , Prognóstico , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/genética , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/genética , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologiaRESUMO
Experiments were conducted on guinea pigs with the use of cell migration inhibition test of the peritoneal exudate; stimulation of a definite level of cell immunity in response to the administration of both live and of inactivated vaccine virus was shown. The results obtained are used for the interpretation of the action mechanism of the inactivated preparation in two-stage smallpox vaccination.
Assuntos
Imunidade Celular , Vacina Antivariólica/imunologia , Animais , Líquido Ascítico/citologia , Inibição de Migração Celular , Cobaias , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/diagnóstico , Vacina Antivariólica/administração & dosagem , Vírus da Varíola/imunologiaRESUMO
A possibility of enhancement induction with the aid of a preparation of lymphocyte membranes of the spleen of donor specificity in its combination with antimouse horse globulin was studied on mice with heterotopic graft of the heart. As shown, in recipients with prolongation of the graft electrical activity lymphocytes retained their reaction to donor antigens, whereas the blood serum produced an enhancement effect in its administration to syngeneic recipients.
Assuntos
Sobrevivência de Enxerto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transplante de Coração , Imunologia de Transplantes , Animais , Soro Antilinfocitário/administração & dosagem , Membrana Celular/imunologia , Inibição de Migração Celular , Epitopos , Rejeição de Enxerto/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunização , Linfócitos/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Baço/imunologia , Imunologia de Transplantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
The indices of cellular and humoral immunity were studied in 46 patients with heart diseases of rheumatic origin prior to and alter operation for replacement of the heart valves with synthetic prostheses (in 19) and pig aortic valves treated with glutaraldehyde and methaperiodate solutions ater Karpantje (in 27). The indirect fluorescence method and the leukocyte migration inhibition test to the myocardial antigens showed that the operation for valve prosthetics causes an increase in the content of antibodies and activation of specific leukocyte sensitization to the antigens of the myocardium and heart valves. These changes do not depend on the type of the valve prosthesis and are normalized by the 6th month. The activation of immunological processes encountered in some patients in late periods after the operation (1-8 years) corresponded to an aggravation of their clinical condition which in most cases was not associated with impaired functioning of the biological prosthesis. The implantation of xenogenous valve prostheses treated by Karpantje's method did not cause the development of immunological processes which could have induced destruction of the prostheses.
Assuntos
Bioprótese , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Cardiopatia Reumática/imunologia , Anticorpos/análise , Formação de Anticorpos , Movimento Celular , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Miocárdio/imunologia , Período Pós-Operatório , Cardiopatia Reumática/cirurgia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The experiment has demonstrated a higher immunosuppressive activity of antilymphocytic serum, purified with the use of a placental immunoadsorbent, in comparison with the preparations exhausted by red blood cells and plasma. This fact experimentally substantiates the use of the immunoadsorbent prepared from human placenta for the purification of antilymphocytic immunoglobin preparations. Rabbit immunoglobulin to human lymphocytes obtained by means of the new method corresponds to the technical specifications for such preparations and is less reactogenic than antilymphocytic immunoglobulin prepared in accordance with the routine technology.
Assuntos
Soro Antilinfocitário , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Rejeição de Enxerto , Transplante de Coração , Humanos , Hibridização Genética , Imunoadsorventes , Imunossupressores , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Placenta/imunologia , Coelhos/imunologia , Transplante de PeleRESUMO
The authors studied the effect of adaptation to periodical exposure to hypoxia on the organism's immune status and the values of neurohumoral regulation in children with bronchial asthma and adults suffering from allergic dermatoses and autoimmune thyroiditis. It was found that adaptation facilitated normalization of humoral values of immunity in allergic and autoimmune disorders (the content of serum immunoglobulins increased while the level of circulating immune complexes reduced) and was attended by a stable therapeutic effect. The revealed changes of the immune values occurred in increase of the reserve potency of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal and sympathoadrenal systems and reduction of the blood histamine level.
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Hipóxia/imunologia , Periodicidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Asma/imunologia , Criança , Doença Crônica , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Masculino , Tireoidite Autoimune/imunologiaAssuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas , Infecções por Salmonella/prevenção & controle , Animais , Imunidade Celular , Intestino Delgado/imunologia , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Mutação , Anafilaxia Cutânea Passiva , Peritônio/imunologia , Infecções por Salmonella/imunologia , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , VacinaçãoAssuntos
Aortite/etiologia , Aortite/imunologia , Arterite/etiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos de Bactérias/análise , Aorta Abdominal/imunologia , Arteriosclerose/imunologia , Arterite/imunologia , Testes de Fixação de Complemento , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rickettsia prowazekii/imunologiaAssuntos
Endocardite Bacteriana/imunologia , Cardiopatia Reumática/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Complexo Antígeno-Anticorpo/análise , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Cardiopatia Reumática/cirurgia , Formação de Roseta , Linfócitos T/imunologiaAssuntos
Arteriosclerose Obliterante/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Amputação Cirúrgica , Arteriosclerose Obliterante/cirurgia , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Doenças Autoimunes/cirurgia , Prótese Vascular , Endarterectomia , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SimpatectomiaRESUMO
A study was made of strophanthin sensitivity and hemodynamic effect of glycosidein immunization of rabbits with a homocardiac antigen on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days after the reproduction of myocardial infarction. The titre of anticardiac autoantibodies proved to decrease on the 10th day after the ligation of the coronary artery, and also there was a sharp reduction of strophanthin sensitivity by the values of the minimal lethal dose and the toxic one (causing cardiac arrhthmia). Changes in strophanthin tolerance under conditions of administration of the antigen from the myocardium with infarction are associated with the intensive immunopathological shifts in the heart.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/complicações , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Miocárdio/imunologia , Estrofantinas , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/fisiopatologia , Chinchila , Coração/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , CoelhosRESUMO
The influence of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the immune response in mice, immunized intraperitoneally with sheep red blood cells, was studied. HBO was shown to reduce hemagglutinin and hemolysin titres in peripheral blood as well as to decrease the amount of antibody-forming cells in the spleen. The most pronounced immunodepressant HBO effect is seen when hyperbaric oxygenation is carried out under toxic conditions before immunization of the animals with low antigen doses. Relationship is shown between the immunodepressant HBO effect and reduced leucocyte and lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood of the animals.
Assuntos
Formação de Anticorpos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Animais , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos , Hemaglutininas/análise , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
The authors determined the quantitative and qualitative composition of the white blood and dehydrogenase activity of lymphocytes in the blood from the afferent and afferent vessels of the transplanted heart at the early postoperative periods in dogs. There was noted a reduction of the lymphocyte count in the blood flowing from the transplanted heart on account of retention of these cells in the transplant, and also an inversion of the mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity due to the lymphocyte contact with foreign antigens of the transplanted heart. A hypothesis is put forward that the inversion mechanism was connected with the lymphocyte functions in the capacity of immunocompetent cells.
Assuntos
Transplante de Coração , Linfócitos/imunologia , Imunologia de Transplantes , Animais , Cães , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Hipóxia/enzimologia , Contagem de Leucócitos , Linfócitos/enzimologia , Linfócitos/ultraestrutura , Mitocôndrias/enzimologia , Miocárdio/imunologia , Succinato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
Allotransplantation of the heart from newborn mice C57B1/6 into the pinna of adult CBA mice on the 3rd day after operation led to increased acid phosphatase activity and activation of the Golgi apparatus. Numerous lysosomes whose membrane became disrupted on the 7th-9th day from the time of implantation appeared later. At the same time histochemical study demonstrated local loss of acid phosphatase activity and a diffuse staining (brown) of the cytoplasm. No destruction of the lysosome membranes or release of the enzymes into the cytoplasm occurred in case of heart isografts (CBA-GBA).