RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Globally, waste management has been a major public health problem. Public knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) and participation are key elements of any waste management program. In Ethiopia, however, the level of KAP and associated factors regarding wastewater management (WWM) at the household level are not well studied and understood. This study was, therefore, conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors of wastewater management (WWM) among the residents in Gondar town, Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted during March and April, 2016. A total of 422 participants were selected using the systematic random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data which were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the significance of associations at <0.05 p-value and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Among 422 study participants included, 63.5%, 43.4%, and 48.6% of them had good knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices regarding WWM, respectively. Knowledge of participants was significantly associated with house rent (AOR 1.12, 95% CI (1.22, 3.69), civil servant (AOR 5.47, 95% CI (1.87, 8.02), and positive attitudes (AOR 2.69, 95% CI (1.68, 4.30), while space availability (AOR 1.84, 95% CI (1.23, 2.75), and good knowledge (AOR 2.46, 95% CI (1.61, 3.77) were associated factors of attitudes. Moreover, good knowledge (AOR 1.32, 95% CI (1.87, 2.02), and positive attitudes (AOR 1.03, 95% CI (1.01, 2.34) were significantly associated factors of self-reported practices. CONCLUSION: Limited knowledge, attitudes and practices were seen among study population. A great emphasis on improvement of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards WWM is necessary. Moreover, it would be better to qualitatively explore variables which explain the qualitative attributes of the community, like community Attitudes and knowledge.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the sub-Saharan countries, many of the children including found in health facilities are not having sufficient care of diarrhea. Diarrheal disease in these countries is one of the main causes of deaths for under-five children. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from May-June, 2016 to determine environmental factors of diarrhea prevalence among under five children in North Gondar Zone. Structured interview questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect data. Using probability proportion to size, number of households was determined in each district. The multivariable binary logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05.was used to identify environmental factors associated with childhood diarrheal disease. RESULTS: Of the total 736 individuals surveyed from 736 households, a total of 163 (22.1%) with [95% CI (19.1-25.1)] under -five children had 2 week period diarrhea prevalence. Roof material [AOR: 1.99, 95% CI (1.1-3.82)], hand washing facility [AOR: 0.52, 95%CI (0.33-0.82)], presence of Latrine facility [AOR: 1.65, 95% CI (1.01-2.72)], presence of feces around the pit hole [AOR: 1.65, 95% CI (1.01-2.72)], presence of feces around the house compound [AOR: 1.65, 95% CI (1.01-2.72)] and risk of contamination of household storage had significant associations with diarrheal morbidity. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of childhood diarrheal disease among under - five children in rural settings of northwest Ethiopia was high. Type of roof material, hand washing facility, presence of Latrine facility, presence of feces around the pit hole, presence of feces around the house compound and risk of contamination of household storage had significant associations with diarrheal morbidity.