RESUMO
Our objective was to measure the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) and benzimidazoles (BZ, i.e. fenbendazole and albendazole) in 15 cattle farms in western France and southern Italy. A total of 11 groups were treated with IVM and 11 with BZ. Efficacy was assessed by calculating the percentage of faecal egg count reduction (%FECR) using the pre- and post-treatment arithmetic means. Anthelmintic resistance was considered to be present when the %FECR was <95% and the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval <90%. For IVM, the percentages of FECR ranged from 73% to 100%. Lack of efficacy to IVM was detected in two farms out of four in France, but was not detected in any of the seven farms in Italy. For BZ, the percentages of FECR ranged from 95% to 100%. No case of BZ resistance was detected in the five farms in France and the six farms in Italy.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Nematoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Animais , Benzimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Fazendas , Fezes/parasitologia , França , Gastroenteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Itália , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Nematoides/tratamento farmacológico , Contagem de Ovos de ParasitasRESUMO
A new anamorphic heterobasidiomycetous yeast species, Kurtzmanomyces insolitus, is described using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The new species has the salient characteristics of the genus Kurtzmanomyces and, additionally, the ability to produce ballistoconidia. Data derived from comparative micromorphological studies, physiological characterisation, ultrastructure and nucleic acid analyses led to assigning the new species to Kurtzmanomyces rather than to the currently accepted genera of ballistoconidia-forming fungi. An emendation of the genus Kurtzmanomyces is proposed to allow the inclusion of the new species.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/classificação , Basidiomycota/genética , Basidiomycota/fisiologia , Basidiomycota/ultraestrutura , DNA Fúngico/análise , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/análise , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Microscopia Eletrônica , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Esporos Fúngicos/fisiologiaRESUMO
Two new genera, Bulleribasidium and Papiliotrema, and three new species, B. oberjochense, P. bandonii and Fibulobasidium murrhardtense are described. An integrated analysis of morphological, ultrastructural, physiological, and molecular data indicates that the new taxa belong to the Tremellales (Basidiomycota). Relevant characteristics of the new genera and species are discussed and compared with those of closely related taxa.
RESUMO
A new species of the genus Cystofilobasidium is described as Cystofilobasidium ferigula sp. nov. The new taxon represents the teleomorphic stage of Cryptococcus ferigula and was obtained in mating experiments using three strains deposited in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection (mating types A1) and a recent isolate (mating type A2). Cystofilobasidium ferigula is characterized using an integrated approach encompassing morphological studies, investigation of the ultrastructure of the septal pore, a comparative study of physiological traits, determination of the DNA base composition, DNA reassociation experiments and PCR fingerprinting. During the course of this study, a close similarity of microsatellite-primed PCR fingerprints was detected between Cystofilobasidium lari-marini and Cystofilobasidium capitatum. DNA-DNA reassociation experiments gave high homology values, which indicates that Cystofilobasidium lari-marini must be regarded as a synonym of Cystofilobasidium capitatum.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/classificação , Animais , Composição de Bases , Basidiomycota/genética , Basidiomycota/fisiologia , Basidiomycota/ultraestrutura , Impressões Digitais de DNA/métodos , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , Microscopia Eletrônica , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
This report presents the description of a new heterothallic Rhodosporidium species, R. azoricum sp. nov. The new species is based on two strains previously identified as Rhodotorula glutinis, which were isolated from soil in São Miguel island, Azores, Portugal. Evidence that the two strains were conspecific and distinct from Rhodotorula glutinis was obtained in DNA fingerprinting experiments using the microsatellite-primed PCR approach (MSP-PCR) and the primers M13 and (GTG)5. In order to determine the phylogenetic position of the new species, the nucleotide sequence of the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA was analysed and Rhodosporidium azoricum was found to belong to a cluster including R. fluviale, R. lusitaniae, Sporidiobolus microsporus, and S. ruineniae. The life cycle of R. azoricum was investigated and comparisons integrating physiological, morphological, and molecular data were made with related species.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/classificação , Leveduras/classificação , Açores , Composição de Bases , Basidiomycota/citologia , Classificação , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Microbiologia do Solo , Leveduras/citologiaRESUMO
Metronidazole susceptibility of 100 Helicobacter pylori strains was assessed by determining the inhibition zone diameters by disk diffusion test and the MICs by agar dilution and PDM Epsilometer test (E test). Linear regression analysis was performed, allowing the definition of significant linear relations, and revealed correlations of disk diffusion results with both E-test and agar dilution results (r2 = 0.88 and 0.81, respectively). No significant differences (P = 0.84) were found between MICs defined by E test and those defined by agar dilution, taken as a standard. Reproducibility comparison between E-test and disk diffusion tests showed that they are equivalent and with good precision. Two interpretative susceptibility schemes (with or without an intermediate class) were compared by an interpretative error rate analysis method. The susceptibility classification scheme that included the intermediate category was retained, and breakpoints were assessed for diffusion assay with 5-microg metronidazole disks. Strains with inhibition zone diameters less than 16 mm were defined as resistant (MIC > 8 microg/ml), those with zone diameters equal to or greater than 16 mm but less than 21 mm were considered intermediate (4 microg/ml < MIC = 8 microg/ml), and those with zone diameters of 21 mm or greater were regarded as susceptible (MIC = 4 microg/ml). Error rate analysis applied to this classification scheme showed occurrence frequencies of 1% for major errors and 7% for minor errors, when the results were compared to those obtained by agar dilution. No very major errors were detected, suggesting that disk diffusion might be a good alternative for determining the metronidazole sensitivity of H. pylori strains.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Difusão , Análise de Regressão , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
In a study of the mycobiota associated with bark beetles, a dimorphic fungus producing longitudinally septate basidia of the Tremella-type and yeast cells budding off from stalks, was collected. Detailed morphological, physiological and molecular studies revealed that this fungus represents the teleomorph of Sterigmatosporidium polymorphum. Consequently, a new genus, Cuniculitrema gen. nov., and a new species, C. polymorpha sp. nov., are proposed. Comparative morphological and molecular studies indicated that the new taxon belongs to a group that also comprises species of the stalk-forming anamorphic genera Fellomyces and Kockovaella. The new family Cuniculitremaceae is proposed for this group.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/classificação , Besouros/microbiologia , Animais , Basidiomycota/genética , Basidiomycota/isolamento & purificação , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Fúngico/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of the basidiomycetous yeast species Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae was investigated in a group of recent isolates and collection strains. A polyphasic taxonomic approach was followed which included micromorphological studies, nuclear staining, determination of sexual compatibility, physiological characterization, comparison of electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns, PCR fingerprinting, determination of mol% G+C, DNA-DNA reassociation experiments and 26S and ITS rDNA sequence analysis. The results allowed a more natural circumscription of the species, both from the genetic and phenotypic perspectives. The relationships with anamorphic species of the genus Rhodotorula were studied and isolates previously identified as Rhodotorula glutinis were found to belong to Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae. Other isolates included in the study were found to represent members of Rhodotorula glutinis var. dairenensis. Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae was found to include heterothallic strains, besides those already known to be self-sporulating. A total of 17 isolates, which were found to belong to this species, were heterothallic, self-sporulating and anamorphic strains. It is anticipated that integrated polyphasic studies of basidiomycetous yeasts will provide a more coherent classification system and the basis for accurate identification schemes, which in turn are essential for detailed ecological studies.