[Morphological and biochemical characterization during seed development of Notopterygium incisum].

This study aimed to examine the morphological, physiological, and biochemical alterations occurring in Notopterygium incisum seeds throughout their developmental stages, with the objective of establishing a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of superior quality seeds. The experimental materials utilized in this study were the seeds of N. incisum at various stages of development following anthesis. Through the employment of morphological observation and plant physiology techniques, the external morphology, nutrients, enzyme activity, and endogenous hormones of the seeds were assessed. The results revealed a transition in seed coat color from light green to brown during the growth and development of N. incisum seeds. Additionally, as the seeds matured, a decrease in water content was observed. Conversely, starch content exhibited a progressive increase, while sucrose content displayed fluctuations. At 7 days after anthesis, the soluble sugar content attained its highest level of 4.52 mg·g~(-1), whereas the soluble protein content reached its maximum of 6.00 mg·g~(-1) at 14 days after anthesis and its minimum of 4.94 mg·g~(-1) at 42 days after anthesis. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) exhibited an initial increase, followed by a decrease, and eventually reached a stable state. Conversely, the activities of catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) demonstrated a decrease initially, followed by an increase, and then another decrease. The levels of the four endogenous hormones, namely gibberellin(GA_3), zeatin riboside(ZR), auxin(IAA), and abscisic acid(ABA), in the seeds displayed significant variations, with IAA and ABA exhibiting considerably higher levels compared to the other hormones. The levels of plant growth-promoting hormones, represented by IAA, generally displayed a pattern of initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease during seed development, while the plant growth-inhibiting hormone ABA showed the opposite trend. The findings indicate that the alterations in nutrient composition, antioxidant enzyme activity, and endogenous hormone levels vary throughout the maturation process of N. incisum seeds. These observations hold relevance for the cultivation of N. incisum seeds.

A systematic review on the cultural factors associated with stigma during pandemics.

Both public stigma and perceived self-stigma are prevalent during pandemics threatening a divide among the global community. This systematic review examined the cultural factors associated with viral respiratory-related pandemic stigma. Following PRISMA guidelines, the keywords, "culture, stigma, and pandemic" were searched across relevant databases for empirical papers between January 2000 to March 2022. Quality assessment and coding were adopted in the screening process. Thirty-one articles were included in the final analysis. Themes revealed that collectivistic values, cultural identities, and non-western regions were associated with public (others) stigma; mismatch of cultural values, minority groups, and North America, Asia, Oceania, and African regions were associated with higher perceived and self-stigma. We further mapped the themes into a proposed systemic cultural stigma model to integrate the dynamic intersection of cultural values, identity, and ecology. The cultural factors and their influence on stigma were then explained by drawing on two evolutionary theories: Cultural rationality theory and scapegoating theory. Lastly, we proposed culturally sensitive and responsive practices for stigma management at the community level, especially in non-Western regions during the pandemic recovery phase.

Endothelial GATA5 positively regulates angiogenesis via cathepsin S-mediated Angpt2/Flk1 and MMP2/9 signaling pathways.

Although GATA5 is vital in maintaining the function of endothelial cells, the relationship between GATA5 and angiogenesis, however, remains unclear. Our study aims to determine how endothelial GATA5 mediates angiogenesis. Using the ischemic hindlimb of mice with GATA5 overexpression in the endothelia (EC-Ad mice), we showed that GATA5 overexpression could improve blood perfusion and increase capillary density. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of GATA5 can increase the protein and mRNA levels of angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2) and fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk1) in the endothelia of EC-Ad mice, while GATA5 knockdown can inhibit the VEGF-165-induced proliferation, tube formation, and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, we observed a decrease in the Angpt2 and Flk1, and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family proteins: MMP2 and MMP9 while GATA5 was decreased. Meanwhile, our study also demonstrated that the expression of cathepsin S (Cat S) decreases when GATA5 is downregulated. Immunoprecipitation assay indicated that GATA5 could bind to Cat S directly. Furthermore, GATA5 or Cat S overexpression can promote tube formation and migration of HUVECs, restore the Angpt2 and Flk1 expression levels in the GATA5 knockdown HUVECs, and upregulate MMP2 and MMP9 protein levels. In summary, our study demonstrated that endothelial GATA5 could mediate angiogenesis by inducing the expression of Cat S, which mediates the Angpt2/Flk1 and MMP2/9 signaling pathways.

[Association of beverages intake with myopia among 11-14-year-old Chinese children in 2019-2021].

OBJECTIVE: To describe beverages intake and its association with myopia among 11-14-year-old children in China. METHODS: Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used and children aged 11 to 14 years were selected from 28 cities and rural areas in 14 provinces in China, and a total of 12 397 children were included in this study. Information including demographic characteristics, myopia status, dietary intake, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration were collected from questionnaire survey. RESULTS: During 2019-2021, the prevalence of myopia among children aged 11 to 14 in China was 45.0%. The median beverages intake was 42.7 g/d. Children who did not drink beverages and whose beverages intake was <150 g/d and ≥150 g/d accounted for 42.8%, 44.8% and 48.4%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls' beverages intake ≥150 g/d was still a risk factor for the prevalence of myopia after controlling for confounding factors such as age, area, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration and intake of sugary food(OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.08-1.42, P<0.05). Among children with myopia, mild myopia, moderate and above myopia accounted for 71.6% and 28.4% among boys and 73.8% and 26.3% among girls, respectively. There was no statistically significant regression between beverages intake and myopia in boys and girls regardless of whether confounding factors were adjusted(P >0.05). CONCLUSION: Children's beverages intake was generally common in China in 2019-2021. Children who consumed higher beverages were more likely to have myopia than that did not consume beverages.

Effect of host breeds on gut microbiome and serum metabolome in meat rabbits.

BACKGROUND: Gut microbial compositional and functional variation can affect health and production performance of farm animals. Analysing metabolites in biological samples provides information on the basic mechanisms that affect the well-being and production traits in farm animals. However, the extent to which host breeds affect the gut microbiome and serum metabolome in meat rabbits is still unknown. In this study, the differences in phylogenetic composition and functional capacities of gut microbiota in two commercial rabbit breeds Elco and Ira were determined by 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing. The alternations in serum metabolome in the two rabbit breeds were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS). RESULTS: Sequencing results revealed that there were significant differences in the gut microbiota of the two breeds studied, suggesting that host breeds affect structure and diversity of gut microbiota. Numerous breed-associated microorganisms were identified at different taxonomic levels and most microbial taxa belonged to the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. In particular, several short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing species including Coprococcus comes, Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus callidus, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium NK4A136 could be considered as biomarkers for improving the health and production performance in meat rabbits. Additionally, gut microbial functional capacities related to bacterial chemotaxis, ABC transporters, and metabolism of different carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids varied greatly between rabbit breeds. Several fatty acids, amino acids, and organic acids in the serum were identified as breed-associated, where certain metabolites could be regarded as biomarkers correlated with the well-being and production traits of meat rabbits. Correlation analysis between breed-associated microbial species and serum metabolites revealed significant co-variations, indicating the existence of cross-talk among host-gut microbiome-serum metabolome. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides insight into how gut microbiome and serum metabolome of meat rabbits are affected by host breeds and uncovers potential biomarkers important for breed improvement of meat rabbits.

Dynamic distribution of gut microbiota in meat rabbits at different growth stages and relationship with average daily gain (ADG).

BACKGROUND: The mammalian intestinal tract harbors diverse and dynamic microbial communities that play pivotal roles in host health, metabolism, immunity, and development. Average daily gain (ADG) is an important growth trait in meat rabbit industry. The effects of gut microbiota on ADG in meat rabbits are still unknown. RESULTS: In this study, we investigated the dynamic distribution of gut microbiota in commercial Ira rabbits from weaning to finishing and uncover the relationship between the microbiota and average daily gain (ADG) via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results indicated that the richness and diversity of gut microbiota significantly increased with age. Gut microbial structure was less variable among finishing rabbits than among weaning rabbits. The relative abundances of the dominant phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria, and the 15 predominant genera significantly varied with age. Metagenomic prediction analysis showed that both KOs and KEGG pathways related to the metabolism of monosaccharides and vitamins were enriched in the weaning rabbits, while those related to the metabolism of amino acids and polysaccharides were more abundant in the finishing rabbits. We identified 34 OTUs, 125 KOs, and 25 KEGG pathways that were significantly associated with ADG. OTUs annotation suggested that butyrate producing bacteria belong to the family Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroidales_S24-7_group were positively associated with ADG. Conversely, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and opportunistic pathogens were negatively associated with ADG. Both KOs and KEGG pathways correlated with the metabolism of vitamins, basic amino acids, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) showed positive correlations with ADG, while those correlated with aromatic amino acids metabolism and immune response exhibited negative correlations with ADG. In addition, our results suggested that 10.42% of the variation in weaning weight could be explained by the gut microbiome. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings give a glimpse into the dynamic shifts in gut microbiota of meat rabbits and provide a theoretical basis for gut microbiota modulation to improve ADG in the meat rabbit industry.

Chemical renal denervation-induced upregulation of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis attenuates blood pressure elevation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

OBJECTIVE: Evidence has shown that the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis plays an important role in the control of hypertension. Thus, we hypothesized that chemical renal denervation (RDN) could reduce blood pressure by regulating the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS: Twelve rats were randomly divided into sham group and chemical RDN group. All the rats were sacrificed 4 weeks later. Plasma samples were collected to measure the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activities and reactive oxygen species levels by radioimmunoassay, chromatometry and ELISA. Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) tissues were collected to examine the expression of the components of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis by western bolt and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The systolic blood pressure (169.33 ± 7.50 vs 182.67 ± 7.00 mmHg, p < .05) and the diastolic blood pressure (97.50 ± 4.68 vs 109.33 ± 4.41 mmHg, p < .05) in the RDN group were obviously lower than the baseline levels, whereas the opposite results were observed in the sham group. The RDN group exhibited a significant reduction in the plasma ROS (91.59 ± 13.12 vs 72.34 ± 11.76 U/ml, p < .05) and NADPH oxidase (171.86 ± 1.14 vs 175.75 ± 1.74 nmol/ml, p < .001) compared with the sham group, while the plasma eNOS (3.47 ± 0.42 vs 2.49 ± 0.51 U/ml, p < .05) and NO (55.92 ± 8.10 vs 43.53 ± 4.58 µmol/L, p < .05) were increased. The expression of the components of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis was upregulated while the expression of the components of the ACE/Ang II/AT1 R axis was downregulated in the plasma and PVN in the RDN group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that the reduction in blood pressure was regulated by chemical RDN-induced upregulation of the components of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis.

Association between milk consumption and the nutritional status of poor rural Chinese students in 2016.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Milk promotes the growth of children's height. However, the relationship between milk consumption and anemia or obesity remain unclear. We explored the association between milk consumption and the nutritional status of poor rural Chinese students, including anemia, height, weight, malnutrition, and overweight/obesity. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A total of 22,315 students aged 8-16 years were recruited. The frequency of milk consumption and other information were investigated using the questionnaire. Students' morning fasting height, weight, and whole-blood hemoglobin were measured. The children were classified as malnutrition, normal weight, and overweight/obesity according to their age-specific height and BMI. Multivariate linear and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the association between milk consumption and nutritional status. RESULTS: In total, 10.6% of students drank milk at least once a day. Compared to students who drank milk <1 time/week, The heights and weights of students who consumed milk 1-3 times/week, 4-6 times/week, and at least once per day were 0.8, 0.9, and 1.3 cm greater and 0.8, 0.6, and 1.0 kg heavier. Students who drank milk at least once a day (OR=0.817), and 1-3 times/week (OR=0.868) had a significantly lower prevalence of malnutrition. Students who drank milk 4-6 times/week (OR=0.472) had a significantly lower prevalence of anemia. However, no significant association was identified between milk consumption and overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent consumption of milk was associated with these students having a lower risk of malnutrition and anemia, being taller, and being heavier.

[Breakfast food varieties of children aged 6-17 in China from 2010 to 2012].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze breakfast food varieties among children aged 6-17 in China from 2010 to 2012. METHODS: Data came from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. By using multi-stage stratified sampling and population proportional stratified random sampling method, 5822 children aged 6-17 from 150 sites in 31 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities in China were selected as subjects. Information on breakfast food varieties was collected by using the 24 h recall method for 3 consecutive days, and compared by different ages, genders and regions. RESULTS: The rate of school-aged children aged 6 to 17 years in China who ingested cereals, vegetables and fruits, meat, fish and eggs, milk, soy bean and nuts was 88.1%, 47.8%, 49.5% and 33.1% respectively. The rate of breakfast food reaching 3 kinds or above was 41.7%, and the rate of breakfast food varieties reached 3 kinds or above among children aged 15-17 years and poor rural children were lower than other groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in different gender. CONCLUSION: It is common that the kinds of breakfast food for school-age children cannot reach 3 or above. More attention and improvement measures are needed for children of high age groups and poor rural areas.

CYP2C19 and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms correlate with the recurrence of ischemic cardiovascular adverse events after clopidogrel treatment.

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to investigate the correlation between CYP2C19 and ABCB1 polymorphisms and the recurrence of ischemic cardiovascular adverse events in patients with coronary artery disease treated with clopidogrel. METHODS: A total of 168 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent PCI operation and received clopidogrel treatment were enrolled. Dual antiplatelet therapy was applied to the treatment of patients for 2 years. Thromboelastography was used to test the efficiency of blood coagulation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect CYP2C19 and ABCB1 3435CT polymorphisms. One-year follow-up visit was carried out to record the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events after drug-eluting stent implantation was inset. RESULTS: Follow-up visit results suggested that the patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) had a higher recurrence rate of cardiovascular adverse events after PCI operation and clopidogrel treatment. Gene polymorphism testing results indicated that patients with CYP2C19*3 had a significantly higher incidence of HPR, whereas CYP2C19*2 and ABCB1 3435CT were not significantly correlated with HPR. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that CYP2C19*3 might be an independent predictive factor of post-PCI HPR. In addition, CYP2C19*3 as well as post-PCI HPR could function as independent predictive factors of cardiovascular adverse events. CONCLUSION: CYP2C19*3 polymorphism could be an important predictive factor of HPR and ischemic cardiovascular adverse events after clopidogrel treatment.

[Relationship between breakfast and nutrition status study of children aged 6-17 in China from 2010 to 2012].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the frequency of breakfast and nutrition status of children aged 6-17 in China. METHODS: Data were collected from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. By using multi-stage stratified sampling and population proportional stratified random sampling method, the research objects were 28 431 children aged 6-17 years. The information of breakfast frequency in the past week were collected by questionnaire, the child's height, weight and personal basic information were also collected. RESULTS: The rate of malnutrition for children who did not eat breakfast in the past week was 16. 5%( 59/356), the rates of stunting and wasting were 5. 6%( 20/358) and 11. 0%( 39/356) respectively, which were significantly higher than the rates of children who ate breakfast everyday( P <0. 05). The risks of stunting, wasting and malnutrition in children who did not have breakfast were 1. 855( 95% CI 1. 149-2. 995), 1. 449( 95% CI 1. 017-2. 065) and1. 646( 95% CI 1. 220-2. 221) times, respectively, of the ones who had breakfast every day. The overall rate of overweight and obesity for children who had breakfast every day was 17. 1%( 4347/25360), which was significantly higher than the rate of children who did not eat breakfast( P < 0. 001), Logistic regression analysis showed that breakfast frequency was not a factor affecting children's overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION: The risks of malnutrition prevalence for the children who don't have breakfast are more than the ones who have breakfast every day. Breakfast skipping is an independent factor to malnutrition that can increase risk of malnutrition.

[Changes in body composition of primary school students from Tianyang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region after two years' nutrition intervention].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of two years'nutrition intervention with eggs and milk on the body composition of rural primary school students in Tianyang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. METHODS: Four intervention schools and four control schools were selected randomly from Tianyang County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Both intervention schools and control schools were similar in socialeconomic level, teaching standards, and school size. A total of 672 students(380students in the intervention group and 292 students in the control group)were recruited from the 2nd to the 4th Grade in primary school. Students in the intervention group were provided 200 g school milk and 50 g halogen eggs per school day. For students in the control group, no intervention was provided. Their height and weight were collected, and body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance method at baseline, after oneyear and two-year intervention. The mixed linear model of repeated measurements was adopted for the comparison of each index. According to their weights by gender and age at baseline, students were divided into low weight group, medium weight group, and high weight group. Changes in body composition of students in each weight groups after two years'intervention were analyzed. RESULTS: The increase of lean body mass of the male students in the intervention group was 0. 5 kg higher compared to those in the control group after one-year intervention(t=3. 66, P<0. 001). However, the difference was not significant between two groups after two years of intervention. In terms of body fat, the intervention group gained 0. 2 kg more body fat after one year(t=2. 12, P=0. 034)and0. 5 kg more after two years(t=3. 23, P=0. 001)compared to the control group. Differences in body fat or lean body weight in boys between intervention and control group were still present after controlling age, height and weight. At the same time, those effects on lean body mass were only found among boys with low and medium baseline weight level, and the effects on body fat were found among boys with high weight level. No effects were found in girls neither after one year or two years of intervention. CONCLUSION: Two-year supplementation with eggs and milk had promoted lean body weight increase and body fat increase of poor rural primary school male students in Guangxi. However, no significant effects were found in female students.

Two New Mononuclear Copper(II)-Dipeptide Complexes of 2-(2'-Pyridyl)Benzoxazole: DNA Interaction, Antioxidation and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies.

Two new mononuclear mixed ligand copper(II) complexes [Cu(PBO)(Gly-gly)(H2O)]·ClO4·1.5H2O (1) and [Cu(PBO)(Gly-L-leu)(H2O)]·ClO4 (2) (PBO is 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzoxazole, Gly-gly and Gly-L-leu are Glycyl-glycine anion and Glycyl-L-leucine anion, respectively), have been prepared and characterized by various analytical and spectral techniques. The interactions of the complexes with DNA were investigated using multi-spectroscopic methods (absorption, emission, circular dichroism), viscometry and electrochemical titration as well as molecular docking technique. The results indicated that 1 and 2 are bound to calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) through an intercalative mode. The thermodynamic analyses revealed that the reactions between the Cu(II) complexes with DNA are spontaneous with negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG). The positive changes of enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) suggested that the binding processes are dominated by hydrophobic interaction accompanying with endothermic. Also, the complexes exhibited efficient oxidative cleavage of pBR322 plasmid DNA in the presence of ascorbic acid, probably induced by •OH as reactive oxygen species. In addition, 1 and 2 displayed excellent antioxidant activities with the IC50 values of 0.112 and 0.191 µM, respectively, using the mean of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) photochemical reduction under a nonenzymatic condition. Moreover, the complexes were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against three human carcinoma cell lines (HeLa, PC-3 and A549), in which 2 owns higher cytotoxicity, which was consistent with DNA binding and cleavage ability order of the complexes. This results showed the in vitro biochemical potentials of the Cu(II)-dipeptide complexes with aromatic heterocyclic, viz. effective metallopeptide-nucleases, SOD mimics and non-platinum chemotherapeutic metallopharmaceuticals and their structure-activity relationship, which may contribute to the rational molecular design of new metallopeptide based chemotherapeutic agents.

[Scheme of the "Nutrition Campus" pilot program].

The "Nutrition Campus "pilot program is based on findings from"Nutritional status and intervention strategy study for urban primary and secondary students". The "Campus nutrition education strategy study in urban primary and secondary students"in Shunyi, Beijing was launched in the first place as a leading part of the pilot program. A total of 12 primary and secondary schools from 8 pilot districts/counties of 8 provinces/cities are involved in the program to prevent and control child malnutrition in all kinds. The students, parents, teachers, kitchen staff, and school administrators are intervened in the forms of a series of activities of nutrition and health education, physical activity promotion, and healthy school meal support. The supportive school nutrition environment is created in the mean time. The first phase of the program is Year 2017. The ultimate purpose of the program is to explore an effective, generalizable, referenceable model adopting comprehensive intervention methods to promote nutrition and health of children in the school setting for different regions.

Synthesis, DNA/HSA Interaction Spectroscopic Studies and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of a New Mixed Ligand Cu(II) Complex.

A new mixed ligand copper(II)-dipeptide complex with 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzothiazole (pbt), [Cu(Gly-L-leu)(pbt)(H2O)]·ClO4 (Gly-L-leu = Glycyl-L-leucine anion) was synthesized and characterized by various physico-chemical means. The DNA binding and cleavage properties of the complex investigated by viscosity, agarose gel electrophoresis and multi-spectroscopic techniques (UV, circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence) showed that the complex was bound to CT-DNA through intercalation mode with moderate binding constant (K b = 3.132 × 10(4) M(-1)), and cleaved pBR322 DNA efficiently (~ 5 µM) in the presence of Vc, probably via an oxidative mechanism induced by •OH. Additionally, the interaction of the complex with human serum albumin (HSA) was explored by UV-visible, CD, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy. The complex exhibits desired affinity to HSA through hydrophobic interaction. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the complex against three human carcinoma cell lines (HeLa, HepG2 and A549) was evaluated by MTT assay, which showed that the complex had effective cytotoxicity and higher inhibition toward A549 cell lines with IC50 of 38.0 ± 3.2 µM.

Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Children Aged 6 to 17 Years - Western and Central Rural Areas, China, 2012-2021.

What is already known about this topic?: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a leading global nutritional concern, ranking among the top four major nutritional deficiencies worldwide. The prevalence of VAD is unevenly distributed across various regions, both within China and globally. What is added by this report?: The report adds valuable insights into the vitamin A nutritional status of rural students aged 6-17 years who participated in the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES). Over the decade from 2012 to 2021, there was a modest improvement in vitamin A status. The prevalence of VAD and sub-clinical VAD (SVAD) declined as the students aged. Throughout the majority of the survey years, the incidence of VAD was higher among males and western regions compared to females and central regions, respectively. What are the implications for public health practice?: A comprehensive approach, incorporating dietary diversification, nutrition education, and food fortification, should be implemented to prevent VAD and SVAD especially in males, younger children and children in western areas.

Reperfusion strategies on the clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients over 80 years old in China.

BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: This study aims to explore the efficacy of reperfusion strategies on the clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients over 80 years old in China. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed on STEMI patients over 80 years old who underwent reperfusion strategies and no reperfusion between January 2014 and December 2021 based on the China Cardiovascular Association (CCA) Database-Chest Pain Center. RESULTS: This study included a total of 42,699 patients (mean age 84.1 ± 3.6 years, 52.2% male) among which 19,280 (45.2%) underwent no reperfusion, 20,924 (49.0%) underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 2,495 (5.8%) underwent thrombolytic therapy. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that patients who underwent primary PCI strategy showed a significantly lower risk of in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.57-0.67, P < 0.001) and the composite outcome (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.79-0.87, P < 0.001) compared to those received no reperfusion. In contrast, patients with thrombolytic therapy exhibited a non-significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.86-1.14, P = 0.890), and a significantly elevated risk of the composite outcome (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05-1.27, P = 0.004). During a median follow-up of 6.7 months post-hospital admission, there was a percentage 31.4% of patients died and patients in the primary PCI group consistently demonstrated a reduced incidence of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.56-0.61, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: STEMI patients over 80 years old who underwent the primary PCI strategy are more likely to have favorable clinical outcomes compared to those who received no reperfusion, whereas, thrombolytic therapy warrants careful assessment and monitoring.

Transcriptomic insights into the role of the spleen in a mouse model of Wiskott­Aldrich syndrome.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infection and increased incidence of autoimmune disorders and malignancy. WAS is caused by mutations in the was gene, which is expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells; the spleen serves an important role in hematopoiesis and red blood cell clearance. However, to the best of our knowledge, detailed comparative analysis of the spleen between WASp-knockout (WAS-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice, particularly at the transcriptomic level, have not been reported. The present study investigated the differences in the transcriptomes of spleen tissue of 10-week-old WAS-KO mice. Comparison of the gene expression profiles of WAS-KO and WT mice revealed 1,964 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among these genes, 996 DEGs were upregulated and 968 were downregulated in WAS-KO mice. To determine the functions of DEGs, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed for significantly upregulated and downregulated DEGs. The results showed that the levels of cell senescence and apoptosis-associated genes were increased, antigen processing and presentation mechanisms involved in the immune response were damaged and signal transduction processes were impaired in the spleen of WAS-KO mice. Thus, was gene deletion may lead to anemia and hemolysis-associated disease, primarily due to increased osmotic fragility of red blood cells, low hemoglobin and increased bilirubin levels and serum ferritin. These results indicated that senescence and apoptosis of blood cells also play an important role in the occurrence of WAS. Therefore, the present findings provide a theoretical basis for further study to improve the treatment of WAS.

Variations in Rope Skipping Counts Among Rural Primary and Secondary School Students - China, 2013-2021.

What is already known about this topic?: Physical fitness is closely associated with children's development. Limited research has been published on the changes in physical fitness among Chinese children during the implementation of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES). What is added by this report?: This research utilized data from the NIPRCES between 2013 and 2021 to examine alterations in children's physical fitness levels. Over this period, there was a significant increase in the number of rope skipping counts among children. In 2021, variations in these counts were observed, which depended on factors such as age, gender, geographic location, and region. What are the implications for public health practice?: Physical fitness has been linked to a multitude of non-communicable diseases. Enhanced nutritional measures for children lead to significant improvements in their overall physical fitness, as evidenced by NIPRCES findings. It is crucial for policymakers to implement comprehensive interventions aimed at promoting and advancing children's physical fitness.

Frequency of Food Consumption Among Students Aged 8-15 Years - China, 2019 and 2021.

What is already known about this topic?: Malnutrition continues to be the primary cause of delayed growth and development among students in economically disadvantaged rural areas of China. Ensuring adequate and appropriate dietary intake is crucial for promoting the healthy growth of these students. What is added by this report?: In rural areas of central and western regions in China, the weekly consumption frequencies of meat, eggs, milk, legumes, fruits, and vegetables in 2021 were higher than those in 2019. However, the consumption levels remained relatively low in economically underdeveloped rural areas in 2021. What are the implications for public health practice?: Understanding the frequency of food consumption among students can provide a solid evidence base for the development of policies and strategies aimed at controlling and preventing malnutrition.