Zinc-Based ROS Amplifiers Trigger Cancer Chemodynamic/Ion Interference Therapy Through Self-Cascade Catalysis.

Nanozyme-mediated chemodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising strategy due to its tumor specificity and controlled catalytic activity. However, the poor efficacy caused by low hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME) poses challenges. Herein, an H2O2 self-supplying nanozyme is constructed through loading peroxide-like active platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) on zinc peroxide (ZnO2) (denoted as ZnO2@Pt). ZnO2 releases H2O2 in response to the acidic TME. Pt NPs catalyze the hydroxyl radical generation from H2O2 while reducing the mitigation of oxidative stress by glutathione, serving as a reactive oxygen (ROS) amplifier through self-cascade catalysis. In addition, Zn2+ released from ZnO2 interferes with tumor cell energy supply and metabolism, enabling ion interference therapy to synergize with chemodynamic therapy. In vitro studies demonstrate that ZnO2@Pt induces cellular oxidative stress injury through enhanced ROS generation and Zn2+ release, downregulating ATP and NAD+ levels. In vivo assessment of anticancer effects showed that ZnO2@Pt could generate ROS at tumor sites to induce apoptosis and downregulate energy supply pathways associated with glycolysis, resulting in an 89.7% reduction in tumor cell growth. This study presents a TME-responsive nanozyme capable of H2O2 self-supply and ion interference therapy, providing a paradigm for tumor-specific nanozyme design.

Supply chain management with uncertainty in consumer perception of product greenness under an eco-label policy.

The urgency of environmental preservation necessitates green manufacturing and supply chain advancements. This research examines a green supply chain problem influenced by eco-label policies, focusing on two prevalent market eco-label types. One allows the manufacturer to determine product greenness, while the other requires compliance with standards set by a non-governmental organization (NGO). We also explore the variability in consumer comprehension of eco-label implications and purchasing behaviors with different eco-labeled products. Through consumer utility and manufacturer profit models, we discover that the manufacturer's production and pricing choices significantly impact consumer behavior. Increased investigation costs may enhance consumer utility through improved product greenness, potentially boosting manufacturer profit via price hikes. However, if investigation costs are minimal, the NGO-label may be rejected due to decreased utility and profit. These insights could help direct supply chains by providing a theoretical foundation for green production decisions and future eco-label policies, whether determined by an NGO or the manufacturer.