[Evidence of early oral feeding in colorectal surgery]. / Evidencia de la alimentación enteral precoz en la cirugía colorrectal.

There is much variability regarding time to start of enteral nutrition in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. In many instances such patients are postoperatively maintained with nasogastric intubation with the aim of preventing complications such as dehiscence, evisceration or eventration. We examine the clinical evidence regarding nasogastric tube placement and early feeding with reference to the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases.Ia and Ib evidence was obtained from meta-analyses and prospective randomized studies, where the systematic use of a gastric decompression catheter is advised against and initiation of early feeding for colorectal surgery is recommended. Fasting does not provide any benefit after gastrointestinal surgery, and the use of nasogastric tubes does not decrease postoperative complications. However, less invasive surgery and new advances in anesthesia and analgesia are contributing to a reduction in postoperative ileus.

Rubber-band ligation for hemorrhoids in a colorectal unit. A prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays the rubber band ligation technique is one of the most worldwide used and effective treatment of the hemorrhoidal disease. OBJECTIVES: Our study has as a goal to analyze the success or failure of the rubber band ligation in hemorrhoids grade 1,2 and 3, to analyze their complications and to see if all symptomatic hemorrhoids should be treated with ligation at the first visit. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective and descriptive study was designed for patients who came to the Colorectal Unit with hemorrhoidal disease from September 1997 to December 2001. First, second and third degree patients were treated according to the classification of hemorrhoids of St. Mark's Hospital. The technique of ligation after Barron was applied. RESULTS: From 261 patients with a mean age of 48.3 (range: 16-86), 181 (99 M/82 W) have been treated with Barron's method and 80 with rich fiber diet and water. Rectal bleeding was the most common symptom (91.16%). Anuscopy showed hemorrhoidal disease in all the cases. From 181 patients, 19.33% were hemorrhoids degree I, 51.93% degree II and 29.83% degree III. Two hundred and eighty-seven ligation sessions were done and the balance of ligations per patient was 2.45 and 1.5 rubber band per session. The 32% of the patients referred pain after ligation. A 13.81% of cases were operated due to persistent rectal bleeding or hemorrhoidal prolapse. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic hemorrhoids degree I and II with a short clinical history should be treated initially with a rich fiber and water diet. The technique of Barron is an effective therapy to treat the hemorrhoids degree 1, 2 and in 74% of success in cases with degree 3.

[The first year of life of children with myelodysplasia: a multicenter study of 393 cases]. / El primer año de la vida del niño con mielodisplasia. Estudio multicéntrico sobre 393 casos.

A multicentric study about the first year of life of myelodisplastic children, was done. Family, pregnancy, delivery, newborn somatometry, and anatomical-pathological and terapeuthical aspects were review in 393 patients born before july 1992. Annual prevalence vary from 6 (1973) to 28 (1984). The families clinical history was not significant. There were 9 (2,3%) gemelar pregnancies, but both children were affected only in one case. Prenatal ultrasound was not diagnostic in 61%-84% of patients are meningomyeloceles, the anatomical level of myelodisplasia was lumbar and or sacral in 98%. There was hydrocephalus in 59%, hip dislocation in 24%, feet deformities in 50%, upper urinary tract dilatation in 12%, vesicoureteral reflux in 15%. In total 825 surgical procedures were performed (M = 2); the neurosurgery was 94% of them.

[Clinical and anatomopathologic study of 800 cryptorchid testis]. / Estudio clínico y anatomopatológico de 800 testes criptórquidos.

662 children (800 cryptorchid testes) has been studied in order to check if the age and location were important factors in the degree of the lesion found in the biopsy. We have related in this survey the tubular fertility index (IFT) and tubular diameter (DT) to the age and location of the testes and we have not proved statistically their relationship, for which reason we do not advise to plan the age of surgery in terms of possible anatomopathologic damage.

[Chronology of dental eruption in school children]. / Cronología de la erupción dentaria en escolares.

The objective of this survey was to establish chronological patterns of eruption of permanent teeth in school children of the Los Reyes la Paz municipality in the State of Mexico. We examined 484 children -242 males and 242 females-between ages 5 and 15, who were attending government schools. A random stratified sample by age and sex was used for the survey. The dental examinations were carried out utilizing oral mirrors and daylight. The data collected was: age, sex, school name, group, school grade, date and permanent teeth already erupted at the moment of the examination. The mean age and range of permanent teeth erupted were determined and the results were presented in tables by sex and age. Results of permanent dental eruption were compared between sexes and they showed statistically significant differences (P less than 0.05), in 86 percent of the examined teeth. Earlier eruption was found more frequently in females than in males. We observed that lower teeth erupt before upper teeth, and that the first permanent tooth that appears in the mouth is the first lower molar.

[Atresia of the esophagus caused by bands]. / Atresia de esófago cordonal.

Authors report clinical and anatomopathological findings in two cases esophageal atresia. Authors found in one of them an anomalous vessel crossing the atresic cord and gastric epithelium in the lower pouch. Authors try to explain the pathogenesis of this atresia.

[Ingestion of batteries: treatment with water overload. Review of 175 cases]. / Ingestión de pilas: tratamiento por sobrecarga hídrica. Revisión de 175 casos.

The authors have treated 6 cases of childhood ingestion of disk batteries with bowel irrigation by nasogastric sonde. The disk was expeled with faeces in less than 12 hours without complications. The world literature (169 cases) on this subject is reviewed.