[Prevalence of speech disorders in schoolchildren and its associated factors]. / Prevalência de desordens de fala em escolares e fatores associados.

OBJECTIVE: To assess prevalence of speech disorders in schoolchildren and its associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study comprising a random sample of 1,810 schoolchildren attending the first grade in public schools in a city of Southern Brazil, in 2001. Schoolchildren aged between five and 11 years were evaluated using a previously validated speech screening test for phonetic and/or phonologic disorders. Data on school failure, gender, age and maternal and paternal schooling were collected to test associations. Associations between variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The prevalence of speech disorders in the children studied was 24.6% and they were more prevalent in younger children aged five and six compared to children aged ten or more. Speech disorders prevalence around five years old was 57% and between eight and ten years old was 42%. Speech disorders frequency was similar in both sexes. The prevalence of disorders was associated to maternal and paternal schooling, 79.5% and 78.6%, respectively, when parents had less then one year of study. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of speech disorders among schoolchildren studied was higher than that described in the literature. Parental schooling was a major factor associated to these disorders.

Controle sanitário em serviços de saúde: uma dimensão da universalidade / Sanitary control of health services: a dimension of universality / Control sanitario de los servicios de salud: una dimensión de la universalidad

RESUMO O controle sanitário de serviços de saúde constitui uma das atividades da vigilância sanitária, estabelecendo às condições ambientais, de procedimentos, de recursos humanos ou gerenciais do próprio sistema de controle de riscos destes serviços. No Brasil, todos cidadãos estão sujeitos às normas e benefícios do adequado controle sanitário. Apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre o cenário atual da Vigilância Sanitária de Serviços de Saúde no contexto brasileiro, suas limitações, bem como potencialidades para o desenvolvimento mais efetivo destas ações à luz da universalidade.(AU)

ABSTRACT The sanitary control of health services is one of the activities related to health surveillance, which establishes environmental, procedures, human resources and management conditions of risk control system of these services. In Brazil, all citizens are subjected to the rules and benefits of proper sanitary control. This paper presents a reflection on the current scenario of Health Surveillance of the Brazilian Health Services, as well as its limitations and potentialities for more effective development of these actions in the light of universality.(AU)

RESUMEN El control sanitario de servicios de salud es una de las actividades de la vigilancia sanitaria, para lo cual se requiere establecer las condiciones ambientales, procedimientos, recursos humanos o de gerencia del propio sistema de control de riesgos. En Brasil, todos los ciudadanos están sujetos a las normas y beneficios de un adecuado control sanitario. Se presenta una reflexión sobre el escenario actual de la Vigilancia Sanitaria de Servicios de Salud en el contexto brasileño, sus límites y potencialidades para el desarrollo más efectivo de estas acciones a la luz de la universalidad.(AU)