Comparative Study of Two Infrared Meibographers in Evaporative Dry Eye Versus Nondry Eye Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the measurement of the meibomian gland (MG) dropout between two infrared meibographers in patients with and without dry eye. METHODS: The right eyelids of each patient were imaged using the Antares and Cobra meibography devices. All images were analyzed using Phoenix software to calculate the percentage of the MG dropout. Lipid layer thickness, eyelid margin characteristics, ocular surface staining, MG secretion, number of expressible glands, and noninvasive tear breakup time were also evaluated. A comparison between nondry eye and evaporative dry eye was performed. RESULTS: Eighty participants (mean age, 36.93 years and 51.3% women) were included, of which 67.5% had nondry eye. A significant difference was observed in the dropout percentage of the superior eyelid between the Antares and Cobra devices (P=0.007) for all participants and when only the nondry eye patients were examined. In patients with dry eye, no significant differences were found in the dropout measurements of both eyelids. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences in the MG dropout percentage in the upper eyelid of nondry eye patients were obtained from both meibographers. The measurements were similar in patients with dry eye, suggesting that the two instruments can be interchanged.

Oral clefts: a retrospective study of prevalence and predisposal factors in the State of Mexico.

The purpose of this study was to up-date the records concerning oral clefts (OCs) encountered at the Child Hospital of the Maternal Infantile Institute of the State of México, and to examine the association of predisposing factors. A retrospective study of the medical records of patients generated over a 5-year period was carried out. A total of 835 files were reviewed, representing 504 boys and 331 girls. The studied variables were the type of oral clefts and predisposing factors. Kendal correlations at P < or = 0.05 and chi-squared at P < or = 0.05 were used to find any associations between variables. The distribution of oral cleft was: cleft lip and palate (CLP) 70%, cleft palate (CP) 21%, cleft lip (CL) 8%, separate cleft lip and cleft palate 1%. The sex ratios were 1.7 for CLP, 1.7 for CL, and 1 for CP. Municipalities with ethnic groups as well as industrial, agricultural and pottery activities showed a high rate of prevalence. Although there was no significant association with birth weight, familial history of clefting, consanguinity, medication usage during pregnancy, or paternal occupational risk, the results suggested that the most severe clefts were proportionally related to these factors. A significant association with maternal and paternal age, abortion rate, and parity was found. Additionally, maternal agricultural activities suggested that pesticide exposure might be a factor.

Suicidio y depresión en adolescentes: una revisión de la literatura Autores/as / Suicide and depress ion in adolescents: a literature review

ANTECEDENTES: Aunque el suicidio es un problema secular de la salud pública, la reciente preocupación es la edad y magnitud de ocurrencia, particularmente al asociarse a depresión. OBJETIVO: Revisar el estado del arte sobre el fenómeno del suicidio, sus vínculos con depresión en población adolescente y de adultos jóvenes e identificar los principales aspectos asociados, con el propósito de plantear estrategias de prevención. MÉTODO: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura usando las bases de datos científicas Scielo, Redalyc y Pubmed y los descriptores adolescencia, jóvenes, depresión, intento suicida, conducta suicida, suicidio, tanto en castellano como en inglés. Se incluyó un total de 53 artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2017 y se atendió fundamentalmente a la epidemiología y los factores asociados. RESULTADOS: Se reporta un amplio rango de prevalencia en el mundo, que va de 2.4 (Egipto) hasta 46.5 (Lituania) suicidas de entre 15 y 29 años por cada 100 mil habitantes, con un predominio de hombres. Además, se registra ideación suicida en hasta un tercio de la población menor de 20 años. Se reportan asociaciones con atributos de personalidad, adicciones, ambientes familiares y sociales hostiles, y carencia de credo religioso. DISCUSIÓN: El suicidio en jóvenes se percibe vinculado a violencia de tipo estructural, lo cual obliga a reflexionar sobre las opciones viables de desarrollo humano.

BACKGROUND: Although suicide has long been a public health concern, recent attention has focused on its elevated prevalence, particularly when associated with depression, and the age of the affected individuals. OBJECTIVE: To review literature related to the phenomenon of suicide and its association with depression in the adolescent population and to identify the principal associated factors, in order to propose prevention strategies. METHODS: A literature review was conducted using the databases Scielo, Redalyc and Pubmed and the keywords adolescence, youth, depression, suicide attempt, suicidal behavior, and suicide, in Spanish and in English. A total of 53 articles, published between 2013 and 2017, were included, and the analysis focused on the phenomenon's epidemiology and related associated factors. RESULTS: Suicide prevalence rates range widely worldwide, from 2.4 (Egypt) to 46.5 (Lithuania) per 100,00 inhabitants between 15 and 29 years of age, affecting more men than women. Additionally, approximately a third of individuals under 20 years of age have presented suicide ideation. There are reported associations between suicide and personality attributes, addictions, hostile family and social environments, and the absence of religious beliefs. DISCUSSIONS: Suicide in young adults is perceived to be linked to structural violence, which necessitates the exploration of viable options for human development.