Ocular Radiation Threshold Projection Based off of Fluoroscopy Time During ERCP.

OBJECTIVES: Current international guidelines for ocular radiation exposure suggest a threshold of 20 millisieverts (mSv)/year. Although endoscopists wear lead aprons, use of protective eye wear is optional. This study was conducted to analyze the lens radiation exposure during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for endoscopists to determine the time of fluoroscopy needed to warrant using lens protection during ERCP. METHODS: ERCP patients were prospectively enrolled. Indications, interventions, fluoroscopy time, dose, and attending ± fellow involvement were recorded. Radiation exposure was collected from body dosimeters and dosimeters placed between the eyes. Cumulative radiation doses were obtained at study completion and averaged over the total fluoroscopy time to determine the mSv/hour exposure. RESULTS: A total of 187 cases were included. Attendings and fellows wore lens dosimeters in 178 and 126 cases, respectively, and body dosimeters in 174 and 128 cases, respectively. Attendings and fellows wore lens dosimeters throughout 15.89 and 11.24 h of fluoroscopy, respectively. The cumulative radiation dose absorbed per lens dosimeters was 5.35 mSv for attendings and 2.55 mSv for fellows. The projected lens absorption by the body dosimeters was 19.03 mSv for attendings and 5.21 mSv for fellows. The hourly fluoroscopy lens exposure was 0.34 mSv/hour for attendings and 0.23 mSv/hour for fellows. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of fluoroscopy hours needed to reach the currently suggested lens threshold limit (20 mSv/year) was 59.41 h for attendings and 88.17 h for fellows. Radioprotective eye wear should be worn by physicians with yearly fluoroscopy times in similarly structured practices that meet or exceed these thresholds.

Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm of the pancreas: a case of a second neoplasm in a pancreas cancer survivor.

CONTEXT: Cystic neoplasms, which are less common forms of exocrine pancreatic neoplasms, consist of mainly intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) and mucinous cystic neoplasms. Mucinous cystic neoplasms, unlike IPMN, are not associated with ductal growth, are usually multilocular in nature, and have ovarian type stroma. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a type of mucinous cystic neoplasm more commonly found in women. Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms of the pancreas are the least common variant of IPMN. Despite this classification, intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms have been compared to mucinous cystic neoplasms in previous studies and the classification is still questioned. CASE REPORT: We report a rare case of an intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm of the pancreas occurring in a 52-year-old male with a prior history of surgically excised mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. This is the first known case of an intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm occurring after a prior pancreatic neoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: As the diagnosis of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms are rare, having only a few case reports and small series on which to understand its disease process, it is imperative to discuss each case and detail possible correlations with other pancreatic cystic neoplasms as well as distinctions from its current association within IPMN.

Fluoroscopy Dose and Time Characteristics During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Radiation exposure during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is known, however, data in relation to radiation usage is unclear. We evaluate radiation exposure using fluoroscopy dose (FD) and time (FT). A prospective analysis of 197 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was completed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine characteristics associated with higher FD and FT. The mean FT was 307 seconds; the mean FD was 16.5 centigray. On univariate and multivariate analysis, indication of common bile duct stricture and pancreatic stricture, interventions including dilation and the use of plastic stents placement, procedures that were moderately or very difficult, and procedures that used magnification and high-resolution images were associated with higher FD± and longer FT. Indications of common bile duct stricture and pancreatic stricture as well as interventions of dilation, plastic stents placement, and procedures that are moderately or very difficult, involve high-resolution image leading to a higher radiation exposure. Special care should be considered in these settings.