Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation enhances nucleosome dynamics and organizes DNA damage repair components within biomolecular condensates.

Nucleosomes, the basic structural units of chromatin, hinder recruitment and activity of various DNA repair proteins, necessitating modifications that enhance DNA accessibility. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) of proteins near damage sites is an essential initiation step in several DNA-repair pathways; however, its effects on nucleosome structural dynamics and organization are unclear. Using NMR, cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), and biochemical assays, we show that PARylation enhances motions of the histone H3 tail and DNA, leaving the configuration of the core intact while also stimulating nuclease digestion and ligation of nicked nucleosomal DNA by LIG3. PARylation disrupted interactions between nucleosomes, preventing self-association. Addition of LIG3 and XRCC1 to PARylated nucleosomes generated condensates that selectively partition DNA repair-associated proteins in a PAR- and phosphorylation-dependent manner in vitro. Our results establish that PARylation influences nucleosomes across different length scales, extending from the atom-level motions of histone tails to the mesoscale formation of condensates with selective compositions.

Mozzarella Cheese Stretching: A Minireview.

Mozzarella cheese stretching is a thermomechanical treatment influenced by factors such as pH, acidity, stretching time and temperature. The aim of this minireview is to provide information about the stretching step and the effect of the main factors on the functional properties of mozzarella. The presented studies show that stretching under higher temperatures promotes more interactions in the protein matrix, and changes occur in the calcium balance throughout the storage period that influence water mobility, proteolysis and lead to changes in mozzarella properties. Therefore, the information presented in this minireview may facilitate the production of mozzarella cheese with specific functional properties.

The role of the perception of family environment in relation to body dissatisfaction, disordered eating and difficulties in close relationships.

PURPOSE: Invalidating childhood environments have been characterised as those in which caregivers do not validate a child's personal experiences and the communication of emotions is considered inappropriate, being either ignored or punished. The current study assessed the relationships among invalidating childhood environments, body dissatisfaction, disordered eating and difficulties in close relationships in a sample of college students. METHODS: In this study, 362 non-clinical participants with ages ranging from 17 to 25 years (M = 20.02, SD = 1.51) completed self-report measures. RESULTS: Difficulties in close relationships, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating were significantly higher in invalidating families than in validating families. Invalidating childhood environments were associated with higher body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, and both associations were mediated by difficulties in close relationships. Finally, body dissatisfaction mediates the effects of BMI and difficulties in close relationships on eating disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived experiences of invalidation in childhood may be associated with eating disorder symptomatology. In addition, difficulties in close relationships during adulthood possibly contribute to the emergence of eating disorder symptoms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, descriptive study.

Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Invalidating Childhood Environment Scale.

PURPOSE: The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the invalidating childhood environment scale (ICES) in a non-clinical and clinical sample of eating disorder (ED) patients. This study also investigated the between-sample differences regarding invalidating parental behaviors and family styles and explored the associations between invalidating childhood environments and eating pathology. METHODS: A sample of 410 high school and college students and 101 patients with a diagnosis of ED completed self-report measures. Principal component analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the factor structure of the ICES. The internal consistency and the between-sample differences and associations between invalidating childhood environments and eating pathology were also tested. RESULTS: Principal component analyses and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a two-factor solution for each parent. The ICES demonstrated high internal consistency and was able to differentiate between non-clinical and clinical samples. The perception of parental invalidation was higher in ED patients, and the clinical sample presented higher scores in the chaotic and perfect family styles and lower scores in the validating family style, in comparison with the non-clinical sample. Both maternal invalidation and invalidating styles were significantly associated with a higher ED symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: The Portuguese version of the ICES revealed adequate psychometric properties. Considering the relationship between invalidation in family and eating pathology, the ICES may be useful in clinical practice, especially among ED patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Morphometry and mixing regime of a tropical lake: Lake Nova (Southeastern Brazil).

Lake Nova (15.5 km2) is the second largest lake in the Lower Doce River Valley (Southeastern Brazil). A better understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning requires knowledge about lake morphometry, given that lake basin form influences water column stratification. The present study aims to contribute to the understanding of relationship between morphometry and mixing patterns of deep tropical lakes in Brazil. Water column profiles of temperature and dissolved oxygen were taken on four sampling sites along the lake major axis during 2011, 2012 and 2013. The bathymetric survey was carried out in July 2011, along 131.7 km of hydrographic tracks yield 51,692 depth points. Morphometric features of lake size and form factors describe the relative deep subrectangular elongated basin with maximum length of 15.7 km, shoreline development index 5.0, volume of 0.23 km3, volume development of 1.3, and maximum, mean and relative depths of 33.9 m, 14.7 m and 0.7 %, respectively. The deep basin induces a monomictic pattern, with thermal stratification during the wet/warm season associated with anoxic bottom waters (1/3 of lake volume), and mixing during dry and cool season. Based on in situ measurements of tributary river discharges, theoretical retention time (RT) has been estimated in 13.4 years. The morphometry of Lake Nova promote long water RT and the warm monomictic mixing pattern, which is in accordance to the deep tropical lakes in Brazil.

Aquatic therapy in congenital malformation during the use of external fixator for bone lengthening: It is possible?

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to describe the rehabilitation of individuals with Congenital Malformations (CMF) during the use of an External Fixator (EF) in Aquatic Therapy (AT) and to analyze the association between diagnosis, EF type and location with rehabilitation process outcomes, surgical intervention, and adverse effects. METHODS: This retrospective study included 29 medical records from which the personal and rehabilitation data of the patient were collected. The AT used was described and the outcome variables were associated. The medical records were selected by screening the database of the CMF clinic at the AACD. The inclusion criteria were participants with CMF who used EF treated between 2011 and 2019 of both genders and without age restriction. The exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record data or not undergoing AT while using EF. The extracted data included diagnosis, gender, age, EF type and location, objective of the surgery, adverse events, surgical interventions, time of rehabilitation in AT, physiotherapeutic objectives, and rehabilitation process outcomes in AT. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 12.1 ± 3.99 years, with male predominance (55 %) and hemimelia cases (37 %). The most used EF was circular (51 %), located in the femur (37 %), and the main objective of surgery was bone lengthening (52 %). The most recurrent adverse effect was infection (62 %) and 76 % completed AT. There was no association between the variables analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to describe CMF rehabilitation with EF in AT. There was no association between the variables analyzed.

Portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer and chemometrics for rapid identification of butter cheese adulteration.

Artisanal cheeses are highly valued around the world for their distinct sensory characteristics, thus being prone to adulteration by substituting authentic material for cheaper products, such as vegetable oil. In this work, we developed a method based on a portable NIR spectrometer as a non-destructive and low-cost alternative to identify adulteration in butter cheese. Dataset consisted of authentic and intentionally adulterated cheeses in the laboratory and commercial cheeses, which were identified as authentic and adulterated with vegetable oil after analysis of the fatty acid profile. PLS-DA classification models identified adulterated samples with an accuracy of 94.44%. PLS prediction models showed excellent performance (RPD > 3.0) to predict the adulterant level. These results demonstrate that NIR spectra can be used to identify the replacement of authentic fat by soybean oil in butter cheese and that the developed models can be used to identify adulteration in external samples with good performance.

Use of digital retinography to detect vascular changes in pre-diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of DM and may go unnoticed until irreversible damage occurs. Its screening can contribute to the early detection. Although, there are no studies which investigate the ability of digital retinography to detect vascular changes in pre-diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: Identify the prevalence and severity of RD in patients with pre-diabetes. METHODS: Cross-sectionalstudy carried out in a sample of patients with pre-diabetes and weight excess characterized from January 2020 to April 2023. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected, in addition to lifestyle habits. Retinographic evaluation was also performed using a Digital Retinography. For the analysis of all variables, the adopted significance level was 5%. The software used for the analysis was SPSS version 25.0. RESULTS: Of 108 patients selected 7.1% have alteration in the exam indicating DR. Among the participants with diabetic retinopathy, four had the moderate form (50%), three the moderate form (37%) and only one participant had the severe form (13%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the importance of preventive measures and adequate control of these conditions in pre-diabetic patients, in order to prevent or delay the progression of diabetic retinopathy and, consequently, reduce the risk of blindness and other ocular complications.

The Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Characteristics in Enterococcus Species Isolated from Bovine Milk.

Enterococcus spp., including E. faecalis and E. faecium, pose risks to dairy farms as opportunistic pathogens. The study evaluates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence characteristics of Enterococcus spp. isolated from bovine milk. Bile esculin agar was used to assess 1471 milk samples, followed by colony identification, gram staining, catalase tests, and 45 °C incubation. PCR analysis targeted E. faecalis and E. faecium in characteristic Enterococcus spp. colonies, with MALDI-TOF used for negative samples. Multiple tests, including disk diffusion, chromogenic VRE agar for vancomycin resistance, Vancomycin Etest® for MIC determination, and PCR for virulence factors (cylA, esp, efaA, ace, asa1, gelE, and hyl genes), were performed. Out of 100 identified strains, E. durans (30.66%), E. faecium (26.28%), and E. faecalis (18.25%) were predominant. AMR in Enterococcus spp. varied, with the highest rates against rifampicin (27%), tetracycline (20%), and erythromycin (18%). Linezolid (5%), vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and teicoplanin (3% each) had lower prevalence. E. faecium and E. faecalis showed high AMR to rifampicin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Thirty-two strains (18.98%) grew on VRE Chromoselect agar, while 4 (2 E. faecalis and 2 E. faecium) showed vancomycin resistance by MIC values. E. faecalis carried gelE (45.5%) and asa1 (36%), and E. gallinarum had 9.1% with the asa1 gene. Detecting resistant Enterococcus in bovine milk supports control strategies for enterococci on dairy farms, highlighting AMR concerns in the food chain.

Individual characteristics and student's engagement in scientific research: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: In light of the increasing recognition of the importance of physician scientists, and given the association between undergraduate research experiences with future scientific activity, it is important to identify and understand variables related to undergraduate students' decision to engage in scientific research activities. The present study assessed the influence of individual characteristics, including personality traits and socio-demographic characteristics, on voluntary engagement in scientific research of undergraduate medical students. METHODS: For this study, all undergraduate students and alumni of the School of Health Sciences in Minho, Portugal were invited to participate in a survey about voluntary engagement in scientific research activities. Data were available on socio-demographic, personality and university admission variables, as part of an ongoing longitudinal study. A regression model was used to compare (1) engaged with (2) not engaged students. A classification and regression tree model was used to compare students engaged in (3) elective curricular research (4) and extra-curricular research. RESULTS: A total of 466 students (88%) answered the survey. A complete set of data was available for 435 students (83%).Higher scores in admission grade point average and the personality dimensions of "openness to experience" and "conscientiousness" increased chances of engagement. Higher "extraversion" scores had the opposite effect. Male undergraduate students were two times more likely than females to engage in curricular elective scientific research and were also more likely to engage in extra-curricular research activities. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that student' grade point average and individual characteristics, like gender, openness and consciousness have a unique and statistically significant contribution to students' involvement in undergraduate scientific research activities.

A Structural Approach to Anti-Virulence: A Discovery Pipeline.

The anti-virulence strategy is designed to prevent bacterial virulence factors produced by pathogenic bacteria from initiating and sustaining an infection. One family of bacterial virulence factors is the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins, which are produced by pathogens as tools to compromise the target host cell. These toxins are bacterial enzymes that exploit host cellular NAD+ as the donor substrate to modify an essential macromolecule acceptor target in the host cell. This biochemical reaction modifies the target macromolecule (often protein or DNA) and functions in a binary fashion to turn the target activity on or off by blocking or impairing a critical process or pathway in the host. A structural biology approach to the anti-virulence method to neutralize the cytotoxic effect of these factors requires the search and design of small molecules that bind tightly to the enzyme active site and prevent catalytic function essentially disarming the pathogen. This method requires a high-resolution structure to serve as the model for small molecule inhibitor development, which illuminates the path to drug development. This alternative strategy to antibiotic therapy represents a paradigm shift that may circumvent multi-drug resistance in the offending microbe through anti-virulence therapy. In this report, the rationale for the anti-virulence structural approach will be discussed along with recent efforts to apply this method to treat honey bee diseases using natural products.

Anti-Virulence Strategy against the Honey Bee Pathogenic Bacterium Paenibacillus larvae via Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Bacterial Toxin Plx2A.

American Foulbrood, caused by Paenibacillus larvae, is the most devastating bacterial honey bee brood disease. Finding a treatment against American Foulbrood would be a huge breakthrough in the battle against the disease. Recently, small molecule inhibitors against virulence factors have been suggested as candidates for the development of anti-virulence strategies against bacterial infections. We therefore screened an in-house library of synthetic small molecules and a library of flavonoid natural products, identifying the synthetic compound M3 and two natural, plant-derived small molecules, Acacetin and Baicalein, as putative inhibitors of the recently identified P. larvae toxin Plx2A. All three inhibitors were potent in in vitro enzyme activity assays and two compounds were shown to protect insect cells against Plx2A intoxication. However, when tested in exposure bioassays with honey bee larvae, no effect on mortality could be observed for the synthetic or the plant-derived inhibitors, thus suggesting that the pathogenesis strategies of P. larvae are likely to be too complex to be disarmed in an anti-virulence strategy aimed at a single virulence factor. Our study also underscores the importance of not only testing substances in in vitro or cell culture assays, but also testing the compounds in P. larvae-infected honey bee larvae.

The role of the Brazilian Unified Health System in combating the global syndemic and in the development sustainable food systems. / O papel do Sistema Único de Saúde no combate à sindemia global e no desenvolvimento de sistemas alimentares sustentáveis.

The undernutrition and obesity pandemics associated with climate change are a global syndemic. They have a point of convergence, which is the unsustainable current food systems. This paper aims to discuss the role of public health policies, particularly the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in the context of Primary Health Care, in combating the global syndemic and in the development of sustainable food systems. In this scenario, the National Food and Nutrition Policy is a leading intersectoral tool for an adequate and healthy diet and food and nutrition security. Also, the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian population is a strategic tool to support food and nutrition education. We highlight the need to articulate health, agriculture, and environmental policies to achieve sustainable development. Thus, SUS can be the arena to promote the main discussions on this topic, potentiating individual, group, and institutional actions to provide a fairer, healthy, and sustainable food system.

As pandemias de desnutrição e obesidade, em conjunto com as mudanças climáticas, constituem uma sindemia global e apresentam um importante ponto de convergência, que é a insustentabilidade dos sistemas alimentares atuais. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o papel de políticas públicas de saúde, particularmente do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde, no combate à sindemia global e no desenvolvimento de sistemas alimentares sustentáveis. Nesse contexto, a Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição se destaca como uma importante ferramenta intersetorial para a alimentação adequada e saudável e à segurança alimentar e nutricional. Além disso, o Guia Alimentar se apresenta como um instrumento estratégico de apoio às ações de educação alimentar e nutricional. De modo essencial, destaca-se a necessidade de articulação das políticas de saúde, agricultura e meio ambiente para que o desenvolvimento sustentável possa ser efetivado. Assim, o SUS tem capacidade de ser palco das principais discussões sobre essa temática, atuando como um potencializador de ações individuais, coletivas e institucionais para promover um sistema alimentar mais justo, saudável e sustentável.

Minho Communication Assessment Scale: Development and Validation.

INTRODUCTION: Verbal and non-verbal communication skills are core competencies in medical practice and should be acquired and monitored in medical schools. However, their assessment poses a challenge. The aim of this study is to develop and assess the psychometric properties, validity and reliability of a communication assessment scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We developed a communication assessment scale, composed by five dimensions (Structure, Way of Questioning, Behavior and Posture, Clarity of information and Emotional dimension). Two focus groups and a development group, composed by faculty members and standardized patients experienced in assessment, were responsible for creating the scale. RESULTS: The communication assessment scale was tested on 332 students from the 3rd and 6th year of medical school, with a total of 2754 assessments, performed by faculty members and standardized patients. A descriptive analysis, an exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis and a Cronbach's alpha analysis to establish internal reliability were conducted. DISCUSSION: The Minho Communication Assessment Scale can be effectively used by both faculty members and standardized patients, providing correct students assessment and relevant feedback to the students. The final Minho Communication Assessment Scale has a total of 19 items, being simple and intuitive to use. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis results were satisfactory. Cronbach's alpha value revealed high internal consistency of Minho Communication Assessment Scale. CONCLUSION: The final Minho Communication Assessment Scale proved to be simple to use and to have very good psychometric properties. Our results show that the Minho Communication Assessment Scale is a valid scale to assess communication skills which can be accurately replicated on objective structured clinical examinations focusing on communication.

Introdução: A comunicação verbal e não-verbal são competências essenciais na prática médica e devem ser adquiridas e monitorizadas nas escolas médicas. Contudo, a sua avaliação representa um desafio. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em desenvolver e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas, validade e fiabilidade de uma escala de avaliação de comunicação. Material e Métodos: Desenvolvemos uma escala de avaliação de comunicação, composta por cinco dimensões (Estrutura, Modo de Questionar, Comportamento e Postura, Clareza de Informação e a dimensão Emocional). Dois focus groups e um grupo de desenvolvimento, composto por membros do corpo docente e pacientes estandardizados experienciados em avaliação, foram responsáveis por criar a escala. Resultados: A escala de avaliação de comunicação foi testada em 332 alunos de medicina do terceiro e sexto ano curricular, num total de 2754 avaliações, realizada por docentes e pacientes estandardizados. Realizámos uma análise descritiva, uma análise fatorial exploratória, uma análise factorial confirmatória e uma análise de alfa de Cronbach, de modo a estabelecer a fiabilidade interna da escala. Discussão: A Minho Communication Assessment Scale pode ser usada eficazmente por docentes e pacientes estandardizados, fornecendo uma avaliação correta e um feedback relevante aos estudantes. A Minho Communication Assessment Scale final tem um total de 19 itens, sendo simples e intuitiva de usar. Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória foram satisfatórios. O valor de alfa de Cronbach's revelou valores elevados de consistência interna. Conclusão: A versão final da Minho Communication Assessment Scale, demonstrou ser simples de usar e possuir muito boas propriedades psicométricas. Os resultados demonstram que a Minho Communication Assessment Scale é uma escala válida para avaliar as capacidades de comunicação e pode ser replicada em objective structured clinical examinations que se foquem nessa avaliação.

Atividades artísticas e processos criativos na formação em Terapia Ocupacional: Reflexões de uma experiência docente / Artistic activities and creative processes in occupational therapy training: reflections from a teacher experience / Actividades artísticas y procesos creativos en la formación en terapia ocupacional: reflexiones de una experiencia en la enseñanza

Contextualização: Trata-se de uma reflexão, a partir da perspectiva docente, do papel das atividades artísticas nos processos formativos em Terapia Ocupacional, baseada na experiência de oferta de uma disciplina curricular optativa do curso da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, chamada "Atividades artísticas para a Terapia Ocupacional e Fonoaudiologia". Processo de intervenção: Foram abordadas técnicas como mapa corporal, fotovoz, "Minha Vida Dá Um Livro", grafite e estêncil, experimentações de materiais e interferências no prédio, e o trabalho com as redes sociais virtuais. Análise crítica: A experiência foi analisada a partir de três categorias: transformação do espaço institucional; atividades artísticas e as expressões dos afetos estudantis; e arte, formação profissional e política. Síntese das reflexões: Trabalhar com as atividades artísticas, durante a formação, possibilitou ampliação do repertório de recursos disponíveis, além de promover a percepção do papel ético-político profissional. Entende-se que o debate sobre as atividades na formação precisa ser valorizado. (AU)

Contextualization: This is a reflection, from the teaching perspective, of the role of artistic activities in the training processes in Occupational Therapy, based on the experience of offering an optional curricular subject of the [eliminated for review] course called "Artistic activities for Occupational Therapy and Speech Therapy". Intervention process: Techniques such as body map, photovoice, "The book of my life", graffiti and stencil, material experimentation and interference in the building, and work with virtual social networks were addressed. Critical analysis: The experience was analyzed from three categories: transformation of the institutional space; Artistic activities and expressions of student affections and Art, politics, and professional training. Summary of reflections: Working with artistic activities during training made it possible to expand the repertoire of available resources, in addition to promoting the perception of the professional ethical-political role. It is understood that the debate on activities in training needs to be valued.(AU)

Contextualización: Se trata de una reflexión, desde la perspectiva docente, del papel de las actividades artísticas en los procesos de formación en Terapia Ocupacional, a partir de la experiencia de ofertar una materia optativa curricular de la [eliminada para revisión] denominada "Actividades artísticas para la Terapia Ocupacional y Logopedia". Proceso de intervención: Se abordaron técnicas como body map, fotovoz, "Minha Vida Dá Um Livro", graffiti y stencil, experimentación material e interferencia en el edificio, y trabajo con redes sociales virtuales. Análisis crítico: La experiencia fue analizada desde tres categorías: transformación del espacio institucional; Actividades artísticas y manifestaciones de los afectos estudiantiles y Arte, Formación profesional y política. Resumen de reflexiones: Trabajar con actividades artísticas durante la formación posibilitó ampliar el repertorio de recursos disponibles, además de promover la percepción del rol ético-político profesional. Se entiende que hay que valorar el debate sobre las actividades en formación. (AU)

Relato de uma pesquisa em terapia ocupacional sobre mobilidade urbana: Um enfoque teórico metodológico a partir do materialismo histórico dialético / Research report in Occupational Therapy on urban mobility: a theoretical-methodological approach from dialectic historical materialism / Informe de una investigación en Terapia Ocupacional sobre la movilidad urbana: una aproximación teórico-metodológica desde el materialismo histórico-dialéctico

Objetivo: Apresentar reflexões sobre a consecução de uma pesquisa com a temática da mobilidade urbana cotidiana, realizada a partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do materialismo histórico-dialético em terapia ocupacional social. Síntese dos elementos do estudo: Contextualiza-se a pesquisa e seus referenciais teóricos, sua metodologia de construção e análise dos dados. Finaliza-se refletindo sobre o processo da pesquisa, suas implicações e o materialismo-histórico na terapia ocupacional social. Conclusão: O destaque à abordagem dialética materialista-histórica em pesquisas pode contribuir para o fortalecimento do arcabouço teórico da terapia ocupacional, informando práticas profissionais técnicas, éticas e políticas, para que oferte respostas efetivas às demandas contemporâneas.

Objective: To present reflections achieved in research about everyday urban mobility carried out from the theoretical-methodological background of historical-dialectical materialism, emphasizing social occupational therapy. Synthesis of the study's elements: The research and its theoretical references, its methodology of construction and data analysis are contextualized. It ends by reflecting on the research process, its implications and historical materialism in social occupational therapy. Conclusion: The dialectical historical materialism in research contributes to consolidate the theoretical framework of occupational therapy, informing technical, ethical, and political professional practices, so that it can effectively respond to contemporary demands.

Objetivo: Presentar reflexiones sobre la realización de una investigación sobre el tema de la movilidad urbana cotidiana realizada a partir de los presupuestos teórico-metodológicos del materialismo histórico-dialéctico en terapia social ocupacional. Síntesis de los elementos del estudio: Se contextualiza la investigación y sus referentes teóricos, su metodología de construcción y análisis de datos. Finaliza reflexionando sobre el proceso de investigación, sus implicaciones e histórico-materialismo en la terapia ocupacional social. Conclusión: Enfatizar el enfoque dialéctico materialista-histórico en la investigación puede contribuir a fortalecer el marco teórico de la terapia ocupacional, informando prácticas profesionales técnicas, éticas y políticas, para que ofrezca respuestas efectivas a las demandas contemporáneas.

Arm lymphoscintigraphy after axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Compare the lymphatic flow in the arm after breast cancer surgery and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) versus sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using lymphos-cintigraphy (LS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 39 women >18 years who underwent surgical treatment for unilateral breast cancer and manipulation of the axillary lymph node chain through either ALND or SLNB, with subsequent comparison of the lymphatic flow of the arm by LS. The variables analyzed were the area reached by the lymphatic flow in the upper limb and the sites and number of lymph nodes identified in the ALND or SLNB groups visualized in the three phases of LS acquisition (immediate dynamic and static images, delayed scan images). For all analyses, the level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the ALND and SLNB groups, with predominant visualization of lymphatic flow and/or lymph nodes in the arm and axilla (P=0.01) and extra-axillary lymph nodes (P<0.01) in the ALND group. There was no significant difference in the total number of lymph nodes identified between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in the distribution of lymph nodes in these groups. The cubital lymph node was more often visualized in the immediate dynamic images in the ALND group (P=0.004), while the axillary lymph nodes were more often identified in the delayed scan images of the SLNB group (P<0.01). The deltopectoral lymph node was only identified in the ALND group, but with no significant difference. CONCLUSION: The lymphatic flow from the axilla was redirected to alternative extra-axillary routes in the ALND group.

Atenção à Saúde Mental de crianças e adolescentes negros e o racismo / Atención a la salud mental de niños y adolescentes negros y el racismo / Mental health assistance for black children and adolescents and racism

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar estratégias utilizadas por uma equipe de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (Capsij) na assistência a crianças e adolescentes pretos e pardos com problemas de saúde. Seus pressupostos apoiaram-se no vasto campo de estudos das relações raciais, paradigma pelo qual são feitas também as análises. Participaram 18 trabalhadores do Capsij - Brasilândia; as entrevistas foram guiadas por um questionário semiestruturado e a análise temática para interpretação dos dados foi organizado tendo raça/cor como categoria analítica. Os resultados mostram que cuidado a crianças e adolescentes que manifestam sofrimentos pela vivência do racismo, ou que o tem como uma dimensão importante, demanda do profissional espaços de sensibilização, informação e letramento para as formações raciais, assim como convoca a elaboração de estratégias de enfrentamento ao racismo institucional, sobretudo em perspectiva intersetorial.(AU)

Identificar estrategias utilizadas por un equipo de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial infantojuvenil (CAPSij) en la asistencia a niños y adolescentes negros y mulatos con problemas de salud. Las presuposiciones de este trabajo se apoyaron en el vasto campo de estudios de las relaciones raciales, paradigma a partir del cual se realizan también los análisis. Participaron 18 trabajadores del CAPSij - Brasilândia; las entrevistas fueron guiadas por un cuestionario semiestructurado y el análisis temático para la interpretación de los datos se estructuró teniendo raza/color como categoría analítica. Los resultados muestran que el cuidado a niños y adolescentes que manifiestan sufrimientos por la vivencia del racismo, o que lo tienen como una dimensión importante, demanda del profesional espacios de sensibilización, información y aprendizaje para las formaciones raciales, así como convoca la elaboración de estrategias de enfrentamiento al racismo institucional, sobre todo en perspectiva intersectorial.(AU)

The study aimed to identify strategies used by a team of a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij) to assist black and brown children and adolescents with health problems. The assumptions of the study were supported by the vast field of studies on race relations, the paradigm that also underpinned the analyses. Eighteen workers from the Brasilândia CAPSij were interviewed. The interviews were guided by a semi-structured questionnaire and the thematic analysis for data interpretation was structured having race/color as the analytical category. The results showed that the provision of care for children and adolescents who express suffering due to the experience of racism, or who have it as an important dimension, demands, of the professional, spaces for awareness, information and literacy regarding racial formations. In addition, it calls for the development of strategies to combat institutional racism, especially in an intersectoral perspective.(AU)

Terapia ocupacional e o direito à cidade / Occupational therapy and right to the city

Resumo Este ensaio tem como objetivo apresentar reflexões sobre a terapia ocupacional na garantia do "direito à cidade" como um direito humano e social fundamental, diretamente relacionado com as ocupações humanas. Iniciamos este debate com as ocupações coletivas enquanto determinantes na construção do espaço social das cidades. Em seguida, focalizamos as assimetrias do poder e as desigualdades territoriais, frutos da mercantilização da propriedade urbana, que implicam injustiças e privações no envolvimento ocupacional no cotidiano dos sujeitos. Sumarizamos possibilidades teórico-metodológicas, novas e outras já conhecidas, que trazemos à luz das questões urbanas, e que aproximam a terapia ocupacional do campo dos estudos urbanos e das políticas públicas de urbanização. Defendemos que a terapia ocupacional é uma área de significativas contribuições na defesa e garantia do direito à cidade.

Abstract This essay aims to reflect on Occupational Therapy in guaranteeing the "right to the city" as a fundamental human and social right, directly involved in human occupations. We started this debate with collective occupations as determinants in the construction of the social space of cities. Then, we focus on the asymmetries of power and territorial inequalities, fruits of the commercialization of urban property, which imply injustices and deprivations in occupational involvement in the subject's daily lives. We summarize theoretical and methodological possibilities, new and others already, that we bring to the field of urban studies and public urbanization policies. We defend that Occupational Therapy is an area of significant contributions to the defense and guarantee of the right to the city.