Network change point detection in resting-state functional connectivity dynamics of mild cognitive impairment patients.

Background/Objective: This study aims to characterize the differences on the short-term temporal network dynamics of the undirected and weighted whole-brain functional connectivity between healthy aging individuals and people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The Network Change Point Detection algorithm was applied to identify the significant change points in the resting-state fMRI register, and we analyzed the fluctuations in the topological properties of the sub-networks between significant change points. Method: Ten MCI patients matched by gender and age in 1:1 ratio to healthy controls screened during patient recruitment. A neuropsychological evaluation was done to both groups as well as functional magnetic images were obtained with a Philips 3.0T. All the images were preprocessed and statistically analyzed through dynamic point estimation tools. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between groups in the number of significant change points in the functional connectivity networks. However, an interaction effect of age and state was detected on the intra-participant variability of the network strength. Conclusions: The progression of states was associated to higher variability in the patient's group. Additionally, higher performance in the prospective and retrospective memory scale was associated with higher median network strength.

Antecedentes/Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar las diferencias en la red dinámica de conectividad funcional no dirigida entre un grupo de personas sanas y otro con deterioro cognitivo leve. Se aplicó un algoritmo de detección de puntos de cambio en redes complejas para identificarlos en registros fMRI en estado de reposo y se analizaron las fluctuaciones en las propiedades topológicas de las subredes entre puntos de cambio significativos. Método: Diez pacientes emparejados por sexo y edad en proporción 1:1 a controles sanos. Se realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica a ambos grupos y se obtuvieron imágenes funcionales con un Philips Ingenia 3.0T. Todas las imágenes fueron preprocesadas y analizadas estadísticamente a través de herramientas de estimación dinámica de puntos. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos en el número de puntos de cambio en las redes de conectividad funcional. Se detectó un efecto de interacción entre edad y la variabilidad intra-sujeto en algunos indicadores de complejidad (strength) de la red dinámica. Conclusiones: La progresión de la conectividad se asoció a una mayor variabilidad en el grupo de pacientes. Además, se puede asociar un mayor rendimiento en la escala de memoria prospectiva y retrospectiva con un mayor valor de la mediana de strength de la red.

Analysis of Pseudohomophone Orthographic Errors through Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).

The study of orthographic errors in a transparent language such as Spanish is an important topic in relation to writing acquisition because in Spanish it is common to write pseudohomophones as valid words. The main objective of the present study was to explore the possible differences in activation patterns in brain areas while processing pseudohomophone orthographic errors between participants with high (High Spelling Skills (HSS)) and low (Low Spelling Skills (LSS)) spelling orthographic abilities. We hypothesize that (a) the detection of orthographic errors will activate bilateral inferior frontal gyri, and that (b) this effect will be greater in the HSS group. Two groups of 12 Mexican participants, each matched by age, were formed based on their results in a group of spelling-related ad hoc tests: HSS and LSS groups. During the fMRI session, two experimental tasks were applied involving correct and pseudohomophone substitution of Spanish words. First, a spelling recognition task and second a letter searching task. The LSS group showed, as expected, a lower number of correct responses (F(1, 21) = 52.72, p <.001, η2 = .715) and higher reaction times compared to the HSS group for the spelling task (F(1, 21) = 60.03, p <.001, η2 = .741). However, this pattern was reversed when the participants were asked to decide on the presence of a vowel in the words, regardless of spelling. The fMRI data showed an engagement of the right inferior frontal gyrus in HSS group during the spelling task. However, temporal, frontal, and subcortical brain regions of the LSS group were activated during the same task.