Trypanosomes have divergent kinesin-2 proteins that function differentially in flagellum biosynthesis and cell viability.

Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness, has a flagellum that is crucial for motility, pathogenicity, and viability. In most eukaryotes, the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery drives flagellum biogenesis, and anterograde IFT requires kinesin-2 motor proteins. In this study, we investigated the function of the two T. brucei kinesin-2 proteins, TbKin2a and TbKin2b, in bloodstream form trypanosomes. We found that, compared to kinesin-2 proteins across other phyla, TbKin2a and TbKin2b show greater variation in neck, stalk and tail domain sequences. Both kinesins contributed additively to flagellar lengthening. Silencing TbKin2a inhibited cell proliferation, cytokinesis and motility, whereas silencing TbKin2b did not. TbKin2a was localized on the flagellum and colocalized with IFT components near the basal body, consistent with it performing a role in IFT. TbKin2a was also detected on the flagellar attachment zone, a specialized structure that connects the flagellum to the cell body. Our results indicate that kinesin-2 proteins in trypanosomes play conserved roles in flagellar biosynthesis and exhibit a specialized localization, emphasizing the evolutionary flexibility of motor protein function in an organism with a large complement of kinesins.

Reprocessing N95s with hydrogen peroxide vaporization: A robust system from collection to dispensing.

The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has created extreme shortages of N95 mask necessitating the need for rapid development of reuse and reprocessing plans. Our aim was to create a process to recapture, reprocess, and redistribute N95 masks using hydrogen peroxide vapor as a real time disinfection method within a large hospital system. We were able to recapture and reprocess 29, 706 N95 masks using hydrogen peroxide vapor with approximately 25% loss due to damage.

Characterization of Work Settings in Which Biosafety Professionals Conduct Operations: Results from the First Survey of the Biosafety Analytics Initiative Survey Series.

Introduction: With the endorsement and support of the ABSA International Council and the Prevention, Preparedness and Response (P2R) Academy of The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, a survey to characterize the work settings in which biosafety professionals operate was conducted. The survey was the first of a planned series of 10 solicitations in support of an overarching "Biosafety Analytics Initiative," the goal of which is to identify commonalities, trends, possible benchmarking opportunities, and professional training needs. Methods: The survey was developed, tested, and then distributed electronically for a 3-week period between May 29 and June 19, 2019. Results: A total of 228 ABSA International members completed responses (15.6% of total membership). The results of the survey indicate that 59.7% of the total membership respondents conduct operations in the public or private academic setting, but when separated by domestic vs international respondents, 38% of the international respondents operate in government (nonacademic) settings. The bulk of biosafety activities were reported as providing support to BSL-1 and BSL-2 laboratories, with more than 90% of respondents indicating that they support work with risk group 1 and 2 organisms. Approximately 60% of the biosafety programs responding reported being organizationally aligned within institutional Environmental Health & Safety programs. Conclusion: The results of this survey serve as a foundation for current and future ABSA International priorities regarding professional development, recruitment, and training opportunities.