Role of alternative and nuclear energy in stimulating environmental sustainability: impact of government expenditures.

Environmental sustainability is fundamental to the survival of our planet and ourselves, as polluted air, water, and land severely affect communities and society to thrive and damage the quality of life. This study examined the role of alternative and nuclear energy in stimulating the environment sustainably while mediating the function of government expenditure and economic growth in the top three highest CO2 emitter countries. We apply advanced econometric methodologies for empirical analysis from 1981 to 2016 and find long-run relationships among the variables that suggest general government final consumption expenditure and economic growth are positively related to CO2 emissions. Moreover, alternative and nuclear energy and the square root of economic growth (EKC) improve environmental sustainability. The general government's final consumption expenditure and economic growth deteriorate environmental sustainability. Policymakers in the top three highest CO2 emitter countries are encouraged to adopt a comprehensive approach to access the compatibility of alternative and nuclear energy sources, changing the source of uranium from mined ore to seawater, encourage, tide, and include macroeconomic stabilization, public and private fiscal position goals with the environmental sustainability policies. Moreover, governments are suggested to incorporate green fiscal policies to address the global environmental challenges and promote a green economy. Aligning government expenditures with environmental goals, reflecting externalities in prices, broader fiscal reform by making fiscal space for clean and green investment is highly encouraged to achieve the sustainable development goals' target. Study limitations and directions for future research in the area are presented.

Analyzing the role of information and telecommunication technology in human development: panel data analysis.

Economic growth in modern-day world get attention primarily through innovation and higher productivity, which places technology and knowledge at the core of the issue on economic policy. In this regard, information and communication technology (ICT) has a unique place for offering the potential to improve efficiency, promote the sharing of knowledge, and improve innovation leading to an overall change in social and human development processes around the globe. This study examines the role of ICT and economic growth on human development. A family of econometric series robust to cross-sectional dependence is applied for a panel of five selected South Asian countries over 1990-2016. The ICT in the study were measured through mobile phone and internet penetration. The results of Driscoll-Kraay standard errors algorithm suggest that mobile phone usage promotes human development, whereas internet usage does not seem to do so. Apart from it, its economic growth does contribute to the promotion of human development. Policy implications are required in the direction for internet usage to produce its role in human development.

Renewable energy, economic growth, human capital, and CO2 emission: an empirical analysis.

This study contributes to the literature by estimating the interaction effects of economic growth and renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with the inclusion of human capital. The interaction between economic growth and renewable energy consumption suggests how income level affects energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The study applies three-stage least square and ridge regression methods with Pakistani data from 1980 to 2014. The empirical findings show that the interaction effect of income and renewable energy contributes to CO2 emissions. Besides, trade openness also increases CO2 emissions, while the human capital mitigates CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the moderating effect of economic growth helps to form the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Pakistan.

Investigating the determinants of human development index in Pakistan: an empirical analysis.

In this modern era, the importance of information and communication technology (ICT) cannot be ignored for sustainable human development. However, Pakistan has experienced a considerable gap between ICT economic growth and human development. In this regard, this study has modeled the relationship between ICT, economic growth, and the human development index (HDI) considering urbanization, foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade for the period from 1990 to 2014. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and vector error correction model (VECM) approaches are used to analyze the data. The empirical results reveal that ICT promote human development index. Along with, economic growth has a positive and significant impact on human development. Besides, urbanization, trade, and FDI discourage human development in Pakistan. Finally, bidirectional causality is detected between the aforementioned variables. Recommendations to policymakers regarding the productive role of FDI and trade are provided.

Natural resources, globalization, and economic growth: evidence from Pakistan.

Globalization is increasingly a driving force behind vibrant economies around the world. This paper discusses the impact of globalization and natural resources on economic growth from 1970 to 2014 in Pakistan. Based on an auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) model, the paper infers that globalization promotes economic growth in Pakistan. Natural resources also contribute to economic growth, as the causality results suggest bi-directional causality between globalization and use of natural resources. Policy implications are that countries should emphasize security, increase exports, encourage technological strength, and increase its intellectual management capacity.

Economic growth, natural resources, and ecological footprints: evidence from Pakistan.

The ecological footprint, a measure of human demand on earth's ecosystems, represents the amount of biologically productive land and sea area that is necessary to supply the resources a human population consumes and to mitigate associated waste. This study estimates the impact of economic growth and natural resources on Pakistan's ecological footprint using an autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model for long-run estimation. The empirical findings indicate that natural resources have a positive effect on an ecological footprint that deteriorates environmental quality and that natural resources help to support the environmental Kuznets hypothesis (EKC). Bidirectional causality is found between natural resources and the ecological footprint, along with a long-run causality between biocapacity and the ecological footprint. The innovative findings have important implications for policy.

Modeling the impact of economic growth and terrorism on the human development index: collecting evidence from Pakistan.

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between economic growth, terrorism, and human development index time spanning 1990-2016 for Pakistan. An empirical result from the autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) recommends that there exists an insignificant relationship between electric power consumption and human development process against our expectation. Besides, more interestingly, the findings show that economic growth does not contribute to human development in Pakistan. Furthermore, urbanization positively contributes to human development. Also, terrorism worsens the human development index. These novel findings of the study would help the government officials and policymakers towards the productive use of funds. It suggests the officials to encourage urbanization in such a way that promotes human development index.