RESUMO
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex gastrointestinal condition influenced by genetic, microbial, and environmental factors, among which the gut microbiota plays a crucial role and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. Ganoderic acid A (GAA), which is a lanostane triterpenoid compound derived from edible mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, has demonstrated the ability to modulate gut dysbiosis. Thus, we investigated the impact of GAA on IBD using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. GAA effectively prevented colitis, preserved epithelial and mucus layer integrity, and modulated the gut microbiota. In addition, GAA promoted tryptophan metabolism, especially 3-IAld generation, activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and induced IL-22 production. Fecal microbiota transplantation validated the mediating role of the gut microbiota in the IBD protection conferred by GAA. Our study suggests that GAA holds potential as a nutritional intervention for ameliorating IBD by influencing the gut microbiota, thereby regulating tryptophan metabolism, enhancing AhR activity, and ultimately improving gut barrier function.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Lanosterol , Receptores de Hidrocarboneto Arílico , Triptofano , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Heptanoicos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/metabolismo , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/microbiologia , Interleucina 22 , Lanosterol/análogos & derivados , Lanosterol/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Receptores de Hidrocarboneto Arílico/metabolismo , Receptores de Hidrocarboneto Arílico/genética , Triptofano/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptors superfamily and are transcription factors activated by specific ligands. Liver X receptors (LXR) belong to the nuclear hormone receptors and have been shown to play an important role in cholesterol homeostasis. From the previous screening of several medicinal plants for potential partial PPARγ agonists, the extracts of Cornus alternifolia were found to exhibit promising bioactivity. In this paper, we report the isolation and structural elucidation of four new compounds and their potential as ligands for PPAR. METHODS: The new compounds were extracted from the leaves of C. alternifolia and fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and analysis of their hydrolysis products. RESULTS: Three new iridoid glycosides including an iridolactone, alternosides A-C (1-3), a new megastigmane glycoside, cornalternoside (4) and 10 known compounds, were obtained from the leaves of C. alternifolia. Kaempferol-3-O-ß-glucopyranoside (5) exhibited potent agonistic activities for PPARα, PPARγ and LXR with EC50 values of 0.62, 3.0 and 1.8 µM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We isolated four new and ten known compounds from C. alternifolia, and one known compound showed agonistic activities for PPARα, PPARγ and LXR. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Compound 1 is the first example of a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside containing a ß-glucopyranoside moiety at C-6.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cornus/química , Glicosídeos Iridoides/farmacologia , Receptores Nucleares Órfãos/agonistas , Receptores Ativados por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/agonistas , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Glicosídeos Iridoides/química , Receptores X do Fígado , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
A novel diterpene alkaloid named honatisine (1) has been isolated from the whole plants of Delphinium honanense, along with six known alkaloids, siwanine E (2), isoatisine (3), atisine (4), delcorinine (5), uraphine (6), and nordhagenine A (7). Their structures were deduced on the basis of their spectral data. All of them were evaluated by a SRB assay for their cytotoxicity, and compound 1 showed a significant cytotoxic activity (IC(50) =3.16 µM) against the MCF-7 cell line.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Delphinium/química , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , China , Delphinium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
1'-(2-Acryloxyethyl)-3,3'-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2 H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indoline] (SPA) was synthesized and grafted onto a water-soluble carboxymethyl chitin (CMCH) macromolecule to prepare a photochromic copolymer (CMCH-g-SPA). The structure of CMCH-g-SPA was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, water-solubility evaluation, and UV-vis spectroscopy. XRD patterns of CMCH-g-SPA revealed that grafting copolymerization disrupts the CMCH semicrystalline structure, thus improving water solubility. UV-vis spectroscopy results supported the negative photochromic behavior of the merocyanine (MC) form of CMCH-g-SPA (CMCH-g-MCA) present in a water solution of the target copolymer. In addition to high solvent polarity, the intermolecular and intramolecular electrostatic attraction between the indolenine cation and the COO- anion were found to be influencing factors, which stabilize these MC form of spiropyran groups grafted onto CMCH. In a water solution, visible light bleaching was completed over a short period (8 minutes) under artificial visible light irradiation and the thermal coloration reaction, whose rate constant at 25 °C was 4.64 × 10-4 s-1, which fit the first-order reaction equation. After ten photochromic cycles in water solution, the relative absorption intensity of CMCH-g-MCA decreased by 7.92%.
RESUMO
To investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Aconitum taipaicum, silica gel column chromatography was used for the isolation and purification of compounds. A new norditerpenoid alkaloid, isodelelatine (1), along with five known alkaloids, atisine (2), delfissinol (3), liangshanine (4), hypaconitine (5) and delelatine (6) were isolated and identified. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectral data.
Assuntos
Aconitina/análogos & derivados , Aconitum/química , Alcaloides/química , Diterpenos/química , Aconitina/química , Aconitina/isolamento & purificação , Estrutura Molecular , Raízes de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from Delphinium honanense var. piliteram. METHOD: The constituents were isolated and purified with chromatographic methods, identified by NMR, MS and IR. RESULT: Six compounds were isolated and elucidated as siwanine E (1), isoatisine (2), 12-epi-napelline (3), acontine (4), ajadelphinine (5) and beta-sitosterol (6). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-6 are all isolated from the plant for the first time.
Assuntos
Delphinium/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Chemical investigation of the MeOH extract from the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia americana afforded two rare sterols, ameristerenol A (1) and B (2), both 9,11-secosterols possesses a seven-membered cyclic enol-ether in ring C, and ameristerol A (3) is the first example of a naturally occurring 9,11-secosterol containing a gorgosterol side chain with a C-24(28) double bond. Ameristerenol A (1) was converted to the sterol derivatives 4-6 to provide additional chemical diversity and comparison for biological screening. The structures of compounds 1-6, along with three related known analogues 7-9, were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with literature data. Compound 6 exhibited slight cytotoxicity activity against human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.
Assuntos
Antozoários/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Éteres/química , Esteróis/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ciclização , Humanos , Esteróis/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the constituents from Clerodendrum bungei. METHOD: The constituents were isolated and purified with chromatographic methods, and identified by NMR, MS and IR. RESULT: Five compounds were isolated, beta-sitosterol (1), taraxerol (2), glochidone (3), glochidonol (4), glochidiol (5). CONCLUSION: Compounds (3), (4) and (5) were isolated for the first time from C. bungei.
Assuntos
Clerodendrum/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Oleanólico/química , Ácido Oleanólico/isolamento & purificação , Raízes de Plantas/química , Sitosteroides/química , Sitosteroides/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To separate and identify the constituents from Clerodendron fragrans. METHOD: The constituents were isolated and purified with chromatographic methods, identified by NMR, MS, IR. RESULT: Beta-sitosterol (1), clerosterol (2), daucosterol (3), caffeic acid (4), kaempferol (5), 5,4'-dihydroxy-kaempferol-7-O-beta-rutinoside (6), acteoside (7) and leucoseceptoside A (8), were isolated and identified. CONCLUSION: Compound 7 and 8 were identified for the first time from Clerodendron fragrans.
Assuntos
Clerodendrum/química , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Glucosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/química , Fenóis/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Sitosteroides/química , Sitosteroides/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The chemical constituents from Aconitum richardsonianum var. pseudosessiliflorum were investigated. The roots of this plant were extracted three times with 90% EtOH at the room temperature. The ethanol extracts were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield residue, which was suspended in water and successively partitioned with chloroform. The chloroform extraction was isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Six compounds were isolated and elucidated as delelatine (1), isodelpheline (2), 3-acetylaconitine (3), isoatisine (4), nordhagenine A (5) and yunaconitine (6). Compounds 1-5 were obtained from Aconitum Brunneum for the first time. Compound (1) showed significant cytotoxic activities (IC50= 4.36 µM) against the human tumor cell line P388.
RESUMO
A new diterpene alkaloid named delphatisine C (1) has been isolated from aerial parts of Delphinium chrysotrichum along with three known norditerpenoid alkaloids delpheline (2), delbrunine (3), and delectinine (4). Their structures were characterized on the basis of their spectral data. All of them were determined by SRB assay for their cytotoxicity, and compound (1) showed significant cytotoxic activities (IC(50)=2.36 µmol/L) against the A549 cell line.