Primary Health Care in transitional care of people with stroke.

OBJECTIVES: to understand the role of Primary Health Care teams in caring for people with stroke after hospital discharge. METHODS: single case study, with integrated units of analysis, with a qualitative approach. Data triangulation occurred through interviews with professionals and family caregivers involved in transition of care, in addition to direct observations in rounds and document analysis. For the analyses, the analytical strategies of theoretical propositions and construction of explanations were used, with the help of ATLAS.ti®. RESULTS: the importance of counter-referral, the role of community health workers and the multidisciplinary team, health promotion, secondary prevention, home visits as a visceral attribute and nurses as care managers are evident. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the high demand on teams and the Social Determinants of Health interfere with adequate continuity of care. Transitional care programs that enable continuity of care are recommended.

Learning difficulties in school children: health and education professionals' perceptions.

OBJECTIVES: to understand health and education professionals' perceptions regarding children's learning difficulties in public schools. METHODS: qualitative research, of the participatory action type, linked to Paulo Freire's Research Itinerary. Forty-five professionals participated, through interviews and a Virtual Culture Circle. The analysis was developed through careful reading, reflection and interpretation of highlighted topics. RESULTS: professionals discussed the (in)visibility of learning difficulties, strategies and resources in the educational sector and the search for solutions in the health sector. It was found that the production of complaints related to school learning is attributed predominantly as an individual problem of children or their family, exempting the educational institution from this process. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: greater investment in professional training and development policies is urgently needed to facilitate coordination between sectors, with a view to overcoming outdated pedagogical and health models.

Generalized Resistance Deficits in inmates with hypertension: missing resources that limit health.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the Generalized Resistance Deficits of people deprived of liberty with hypertension in a Brazilian prison unit. METHOD: qualitative research, anchored in Salutogenesis, carried out with 38 people with hypertension from a Brazilian prison unit, from February to July 2022, with a semi-structured interview with open-ended questions, whose analysis was thematic, explaining the limitations to health in prison. RESULTS: 13 Generalized Resistance Deficits were reported, mostly related to the prison environment and, to a lesser extent, to the social group and the individual, respectively. Living in prison for people with hypertension implies living with a high number of Generalized Resistance Deficits, accentuating the movement towards the disease pole. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: knowing Generalized Resistance Deficits allows directing health promotion to support the use of available Generalized Resistance Resources and contributes to the expansion of intersectoral policies.

Culture circle in primary care: dialogues with managers on health promotion.

OBJECTIVE: To identify health promotion strategies used by managers in primary health care. METHOD: Qualitative research, of a participant action nature, which adopted the Culture Circle proposed by Paulo Freire as its methodological reference. Eleven primary health care managers from a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil took part. RESULTS: Nine generative themes emerged, categorized into four themes that highlight the interconnection between health promotion, social determinants and primary health care. These themes highlight preventive approaches, healthy habits and underline the need for a multidisciplinary approach to health care, recognizing the complexity of the dimensions involved, the influence of social determinants, environmental and health issues. These aspects call for intersectoral policies and actions, demonstrating the viability of health promotion in line with the principles of the Unified Health System. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The autonomy of professionals working in primary health care services is highlighted, especially that of nurses, who play a central role in connecting and organizing health promotion actions.

[The promotion of women's autonomy during family health nursing consultations]. / Promoção da autonomia da mulher na consulta de enfermagem em saúde da família.

We adopted a qualitative approach combined with the methodological framework of Paulo Freire, consisting of thematic investigation, coding and decoding, and critical unveiling, to understand whether nursing consultation promotes women's autonomy in a health center. Six Culture Circles that were each two hours long were conducted, with an average of nine participants each, between May and July 2011. The investigation revealed eight topics of importance, although two were particularly important: the need for dialogue on domestic violence and the relationship between nurses and participants during consultations. The results indicate that consultations may present a space for women to take actions that they may otherwise be fearful to take. Our results highlight the need for multidisciplinary training of nurses with regard to strategies for promotion and intensification of their practices in the Unified Health System.

Social support networks and life cycle stage of Venezuelan immigrant families.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the structures of social networks of interiorized Venezuelan immigrant families and the life cycle stage they are in. METHODS: Qualitative multiple-case study with families from the Interiorization Program residing in the Greater Florianópolis, Brazil. Screening occurred through social networks and key informants. For data collection, the photovoice technique and semi-structured interviews were used, categorized with the help of the Atlas.ti software. Genograms and ecomaps were elaborated. RESULTS: Of the 4 families interviewed, totaling 7 members with young children, the nuclear family was identified as the main informal support network. Formal networks included schools, churches, and civil society. CONCLUSION: Families rely heavily on their nuclear structure for support, with formal institutions acting as secondary resources. The predominant life cycle stage is focused on families with young children. More efforts are needed to strengthen formal support networks.

Reflections of the social determinants of health on school children's learning.

OBJECTIVE: understanding the repercussions of the social determinants of health on school children's learning, linked to the public-school network, from the point of view of health and education professionals. METHOD: qualitative study, participant-action type, articulated to Freire's Research Itinerary, through three moments: Thematic Investigation; Coding and Decoding; Critical Unveiling. The participants were 27 health professionals and 18 education professionals, working in four municipalities of Santa Catarina. Individual interviews and a Culture Circle took place between November 2020 and March 2021. The analysis was developed in the discussions in the Culture Circle, with reflection on the themes. RESULTS: unfavorable living conditions, unhealthy habits, and weak social relationships tend to negatively influence children's school learning. There is a need for the implementation of actions involving the health and education sectors, such as the Health at School Program. CONCLUSION: the articulated action of health and education professionals on social determinants is the way to promote health and children's school performance, in order to minimize the effects of existing inequities.

Circle dance: integrative and complementary practice in the daily health promotion for older adults.

OBJECTIVES: to understand circle dance as an integrative and complementary practice for health promotion in older adults' daily lives. METHODS: an interpretive, qualitative study, based on Michel Maffesoli's Comprehensive Sociology of Everyday Life. There were 20 participants, 17 older adults and three focalizers in circles held in Basic Health Units in a municipality in southern Brazil. Data were collected through interviews and observation, between September 2016 and March 2017, and analyzed through preliminary analysis, ordering, key links, coding and categorization. RESULTS: three categories emerged that express the daily life of circle dance with older adults: circles that spin; challenges for new circles to spin; entering, being and staying in the circle. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: circle dance provided older adults with a feeling of belonging to a group, combined with pleasure and well-being, contributing to promotion of older adults' health.

Health promotion in coping with COVID-19: a Virtual Culture Circle experience.

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of a Virtual Culture Circle with Brazilian families about coping with COVID-19, as a space that promotes health during the pandemic. METHOD: Experience resulting from an extension action, the Virtual Culture Circle was held based on Paulo Freire's Research Itinerary. It counted with the participation of seven families from different locations in Brazil. During the dialogues, a house was built: the foundation represented the thematic research; walls and roof, coding and decoding; doors and windows, the critical unveiling. RESULTS: The action-reflection-action process favored the approach and integration of the participants of the Culture Circle; despite the geographical distance, it is an innovative strategy for empowerment and health promotion. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Virtual Culture Circle constituted a soft technology for health care and can be explored as a tool for promoting health, especially in scenarios where face-to-face meetings are an impossibility.

Vulnerability and health promotion of Haitian immigrants: reflections based on Paulo Freire's dialogic práxis.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the perceptions of Haitian immigrants about the possibilities to promote health, in the face of the vulnerabilities they experience. METHOD: This is a qualitative, participatory action study, based on Paulo Freire's Research Itinerary, which has three phases: thematic investigation; encoding and decoding; critical unveiling. Ten Haitian immigrants, students of a public university in Brazil, participated in the Culture Circle. RESULTS: In the face of vulnerabilities, Haitian immigrants expressed the need to participate in university social groups, to have moments of integration with Brazilians, to know their rights, to master the Portuguese language, to adapt socially and culturally and to the food, to engage in the promotion of mental health and quality of life through physical activities and leisure. CONCLUSION: The discussions led to a process of action-reflection-action, in which immigrants reframed their reality, looking for strategies to promote health and empowering themselves in the search for a healthier life.

COVID-19 vaccination campaign: dialogues with nurses working in Primary Health Care.

OBJECTIVE: To reflect on the perception of nurses working in Primary Health Care about the development of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. METHOD: This is a participatory action qualitative study, based on the methodological theoretical precepts by Paulo Freire, which consists of three interconnected phases: Thematic Research, Coding and Decoding, and Critical Unveiling. Three virtual Culture Circles were held between February and March 2021, with 11 nurses from Primary Health Care, residing in Santa Catarina, Brazil. RESULTS: Nurses defined two themes for discussion in the Culture Circle: 1. Matches in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, representing the potentialities; 2. Mismatches in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, in which the weaknesses were revealed. CONCLUSION: Nurses indicated potentialities such as teamwork, with hope, motivation, and joy in the vaccination campaign operationalization, through innovative and old actions. They also highlighted weaknesses such as lack of specific training and communication, difficulties with recording and application of the immunobiological, mentioning the anti-vaccine movement and the intense work, which requires adjustments to improve assistance to the population.

Empowerment of family caregiver in front of stroke in hospital environment.

OBJECTIVES: to understand how the empowerment of family caregivers of people with stroke occurs in the hospital environment. METHODS: a qualitative research, participatory action research, articulated with Paulo Freire's Research Itinerary, developed in April 2018 with family caregivers, in a Stroke Unit. RESULTS: three predominant codes were coded: the need for empowerment and autonomy to experience the care situation; the challenges experienced in becoming a caregiver; and family support. Participants presented a lack of information inherent to the care process, with distancing from empowerment to perform the function in dehospitalization. Dialogue revealed empowerment as a possibility for critical awareness and skill development. CONCLUSIONS: it highlights the importance of directing health promotion for caregivers, inserting them in the care process, recognizing their needs and intensifying practices that promote empowerment for care, bypassing curative actions.

Integrative and complementary practices in Primary Care: unveiling health promotion.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the use of integrative and complementary practices as a health promotion action. METHOD: qualitative study, action-participant type, with the application of Paulo Freire's Research Itinerary, in which 30 Primary Health Care professionals participated. Thematic research was developed with two Primary Care Units, one that used integrative and complementary practices in daily life and another that focused more on allopathic concepts of assistance. To carry out the three stages of the method used, seven Culture Yarning Circles took place. The critical unveiling took place concurrently with the participation of those surveyed. RESULTS: integrative and complementary practices constitute a form of health care, with the purpose of understanding the human being in the health-disease process, making it possible to work with the different aspects that involve them. In this way, they reduce damages resulting from the excessive use of medications, stimulate comprehensiveness and promote health. CONCLUSION: integrative and complementary practices are resources for health promotion, through comprehensive care and reducing the use of medications.

Limit-situations in child health care practices: challenges to the empowerment of nurses. / Situações-limite às práticas de promoção da saúde da criança: desafios ao empoderamento dos enfermeiros.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the limit-situations experienced by nurses in child health care practices, from the perspective of empowerment in health promotion. METHOD: This is a qualitative approach Participatory Action Research, supported by Paulo Freire's Research Itinerary, developed through Culture Circles, consisting of three stages: thematic investigation, coding and decoding and critical unveiling. 13 Culture Circles were held with nurses from the Family Health Strategy of five Basic Health Units in the city of Manaus, Amazonas. RESULTS: A total of 16 nurses participated and 20 generating themes emerged from the Culture Circles, six of which were considered limit-situations by the participants: accumulation of activities; difficulty monitoring and following-up children; work focused on productivity; lack of training; limited human resources; difficulty in reception. CONCLUSION: The study contributed to strengthening nurses through reflective dialogues on the realities experienced, increasing awareness and enabling interventions to transform their practices in child health care.

Integrative and complementary practices in the Unified Health System: unveiling potentials and limitations. / Práticas integrativas e complementares no Sistema Único de Saúde: desvelando potências e limites.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the perception of professionals in the Family Health Strategy and the Family Health Support Center units regarding the use of integrative and complementary practices in the Unified Health System, revealing potentials and limitations. METHOD: A qualitative and participatory study articulated using a dialogical methodological reference performed in Culture Circles with professionals of a municipality of the South of Brazil. The disclosure was carried out concurrently with the participation of the respondents. RESULTS: Thirty (30) professionals participated. The potentials of integrative and complementary practices for strengthening the healthcare system as a model of differentiated care with a comprehensive, holistic and empowering approach were identified, however an overload of work and the different types of resistance constitute limitations for its consolidation. CONCLUSION: Integrative and complementary practices are a form of care with potential for transforming individuals, families, communities, professionals and health services, and thus are important resources for strengthening the Unified Health System.

Generalized Resistance Deficits in inmates with hypertension: missing resources that limit health / Déficits de Resistencia Generalizados en reclusos con hipertensión: recursos faltantes que limitan la salud / Déficits Generalizados de Resistência em pessoas presas com hipertensão: recursos ausentes que limitam a saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the Generalized Resistance Deficits of people deprived of liberty with hypertension in a Brazilian prison unit. Method: qualitative research, anchored in Salutogenesis, carried out with 38 people with hypertension from a Brazilian prison unit, from February to July 2022, with a semi-structured interview with open-ended questions, whose analysis was thematic, explaining the limitations to health in prison. Results: 13 Generalized Resistance Deficits were reported, mostly related to the prison environment and, to a lesser extent, to the social group and the individual, respectively. Living in prison for people with hypertension implies living with a high number of Generalized Resistance Deficits, accentuating the movement towards the disease pole. Final considerations: knowing Generalized Resistance Deficits allows directing health promotion to support the use of available Generalized Resistance Resources and contributes to the expansion of intersectoral policies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los Déficits de Resistencia Generalizados de personas privadas de libertad con hipertensión arterial sistémica en una unidad penitenciaria brasileña. Método: investigación cualitativa, anclada en la Salutogénesis, realizada con 38 personas con hipertensión arterial sistémica de una unidad penitenciaria brasileña, de febrero a julio de 2022, con entrevista semiestructurada con preguntas abiertas, cuyo análisis fue temático, explicando las limitaciones a la salud en prisión. Resultados: se reportaron 13 Déficits de Resistencia Generalizados, en su mayoría relacionados con el ambiente penitenciario y, en menor medida, con el grupo social y el individuo, respectivamente. Vivir en prisión para personas con hipertensión arterial sistémica implica vivir con un elevado número de Déficits de Resistencia Generalizados, acentuando el movimiento hacia el polo de la enfermedad. Consideraciones finales: conocer los Déficits de Resistencia Generalizada permite orientar la promoción de la salud para apoyar el uso de los Recursos de Resistencia Generalizada disponibles y contribuye a la ampliación de políticas intersectoriales.

RESUMO Objetivo: apreender os Déficits Generalizados de Resistência de pessoas privadas de liberdade com hipertensão arterial sistêmica de uma unidade prisional brasileira. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada na Salutogênese, realizada com 38 pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica de uma unidade prisional brasileira, de fevereiro a julho de 2022, com entrevista semiestruturada de questões abertas, cuja análise foi temática, explicitando os limitantes à saúde na prisão. Resultados: foram relatados 13 Déficits Generalizados de Resistência, relacionando-se em maioria ao ambiente prisional e, em menor proporção, ao grupo social e ao indivíduo, respectivamente. O viver na prisão para pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica implica conviver com elevado número de Déficits Generalizados de Resistência, acentuando o movimento em direção ao polo doença. Considerações finais: conhecer os Déficits Generalizados de Resistência permite direcionar a promoção da saúde para apoiar o uso dos Recursos Generalizados de Resistência disponíveis e contribui com a ampliação de políticas intersetoriais.

Primary Health Care in transitional care of people with stroke / Atención Primaria de Salud en la transición del cuidado de personas con accidente cerebrovascular / Atenção Primária à Saúde na transição do cuidado de pessoas com Acidente Vascular Cerebral

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the role of Primary Health Care teams in caring for people with stroke after hospital discharge. Methods: single case study, with integrated units of analysis, with a qualitative approach. Data triangulation occurred through interviews with professionals and family caregivers involved in transition of care, in addition to direct observations in rounds and document analysis. For the analyses, the analytical strategies of theoretical propositions and construction of explanations were used, with the help of ATLAS.ti®. Results: the importance of counter-referral, the role of community health workers and the multidisciplinary team, health promotion, secondary prevention, home visits as a visceral attribute and nurses as care managers are evident. Final Considerations: the high demand on teams and the Social Determinants of Health interfere with adequate continuity of care. Transitional care programs that enable continuity of care are recommended.

RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender el papel de los equipos de Atención Primaria de Salud en la atención a personas con accidente cerebrovascular después del alta hospitalaria. Métodos: estudio de caso único, con unidades de análisis integradas, con enfoque cualitativo. La triangulación de datos ocurrió a través de entrevistas con profesionales y cuidadores familiares involucrados en la transición del cuidado, además de observaciones directas en rondas y análisis de documentos. Para los análisis se utilizaron las estrategias analíticas de proposiciones teóricas y construcción de explicaciones, con ayuda de ATLAS.ti®. Resultados: se evidencia la importancia de la contrarreferencia, el papel del Agente Comunitario de Salud y el equipo multidisciplinario, la promoción de la salud, la prevención secundaria, las visitas domiciliarias como atributo visceral y el enfermero como gestor del cuidado. Consideraciones Finales: la alta exigencia de los equipos y los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud interfieren con una adecuada continuidad de la atención. Se recomiendan programas de atención de transición que permitan la continuidad de la atención.

RESUMO Objetivos: compreender a atuação das equipes de Atenção Primária à Saúde no cuidado às pessoas com Acidente Vascular Cerebral após a alta hospitalar. Métodos: estudo de caso único, com unidades de análise integradas, de abordagem qualitativa. A triangulação dos dados ocorreu através de entrevistas com os profissionais e cuidadores familiares envolvidos na transição do cuidado, além de observações diretas em rounds e análise documental. Para as análises, foram utilizadas as estratégias analíticas das proposições teóricas e construção de explicações, com auxílio do software ATLAS.ti®. Resultados: evidencia-se a importância da contrarreferência, o papel do Agente Comunitário de Saúde e da equipe multiprofissional, promoção da saúde, prevenção secundária, visita domiciliar como atributo visceral e enfermeiro como gestor do cuidado. Considerações Finais: a alta demanda das equipes e os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde interferem na continuidade adequada do cuidado. Recomendam-se programas de cuidados de transição que possibilitem a continuidade da assistência.

Gerontotechnology for fall prevention of the elderly with Parkinson.

OBJECTIVE: to develop the gerontological nursing care process among the elderly with Parkinson's disease, aiming at the promotion of health through the creation of gerontotechnologies for fall prevention. METHOD: Convergent Care Research was used as a methodological route. Data were collected from February to October 2017, with the participation of nine elderly people with Parkinson's disease. An educational booklet, a memory game called "não cai istepô", a memory game called "caiu de maduro" were developed through clinical evaluation through scales, recorded semi-structured interview and workshops. RESULTS: the application of gerontotechnology resulted from the elderly in self-care, empowerment and knowledge through play, revealing interest in behavior change, independence and learning, as well as serving as a facilitator of care. CONCLUSION: the gerontotechnologies presented as a playful and innovative instrument for the nursing gerontological care process.

Health promotion practices in primary care groups.

This is a descriptive-exploratory study using a qualitative approach, conducted in ten municipalities in southern Brazil. Data were obtained by talking to 21 nurses from February to November 2012, through semi-structured interviews using questions to probe their health promotion practices. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis focused on health promotion concepts. We identified four themes about health promotion practices of family health nurses in Brazil: a) training of nurses for health promotion practice was weak; b) nurses formed health promotion groups around diseases and life stages; c) nurses formed groups to meet community needs; and d) nurses used health promotion techniques in group work. These family health nurses were somewhat aware of the importance of health promotion, and how to assist the population against various ailments using some health promotion strategies. The main weaknesses were the lack of understanding about health promotion concepts, and the difficulty of understanding the relevance of its practice, probably attributable to limitations in training. We conclude that primary care groups in Brazil's unified health system could do better in applying health promotion concepts in their practice.

Learning difficulties in school children: health and education professionals' perceptions / Dificultades de aprendizaje en escolares: percepciones de los profesionales de la salud y la educación / Dificuldade de aprendizagem de crianças escolares: percepções dos profissionais da saúde e da educação

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand health and education professionals' perceptions regarding children's learning difficulties in public schools. Methods: qualitative research, of the participatory action type, linked to Paulo Freire's Research Itinerary. Forty-five professionals participated, through interviews and a Virtual Culture Circle. The analysis was developed through careful reading, reflection and interpretation of highlighted topics. Results: professionals discussed the (in)visibility of learning difficulties, strategies and resources in the educational sector and the search for solutions in the health sector. It was found that the production of complaints related to school learning is attributed predominantly as an individual problem of children or their family, exempting the educational institution from this process. Final Considerations: greater investment in professional training and development policies is urgently needed to facilitate coordination between sectors, with a view to overcoming outdated pedagogical and health models.

RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender las percepciones de los profesionales de la salud y la educación sobre las dificultades de aprendizaje de los niños en las escuelas públicas. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, del tipo acción participativa, vinculada al Itinerario de Investigación de Paulo Freire. Participaron 45 profesionales, a través de entrevistas y un Círculo Virtual de Cultura. El análisis se desarrolló a través de una atenta lectura, reflexión e interpretación de los temas destacados. Resultados: los profesionales discutieron la (in)visibilidad de las dificultades de aprendizaje, las estrategias y los recursos en el sector educativo y la búsqueda de soluciones en el sector salud. Se encontró que la producción de quejas relacionadas con el aprendizaje escolar se atribuye predominantemente como un problema individual del niño o de su familia, eximiendo a la institución educativa de este proceso. Consideraciones Finales: urge una mayor inversión en políticas de formación y desarrollo profesional para facilitar la coordinación entre sectores, con miras a superar modelos pedagógicos y sanitarios obsoletos.

RESUMO Objetivos: conhecer as percepções dos profissionais da saúde e da educação acerca da dificuldade de aprendizagem de crianças da rede pública de ensino. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo ação participante, articulada ao Itinerário de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire. Participaram 45 profissionais, por meio de entrevistas e um Círculo de Cultura Virtual. A análise desenvolveu-se na leitura cuidadosa, reflexão e interpretação dos temas destacados. Resultados: os profissionais dialogaram sobre a (in)visibilidade da dificuldade de aprendizagem, as estratégias e os recursos do setor educacional e a busca por resolutividade no setor saúde. Verificou-se que a produção das queixas relacionadas à aprendizagem escolar está atribuída predominantemente como problema individual da criança ou de sua família, isentando a instituição educacional desse processo. Considerações Finais: é premente maior investimento em políticas de formação e aperfeiçoamento dos profissionais para propiciar a articulação entre os setores, com vistas a superar modelos pedagógicos e de saúde ultrapassados.