[Post-scabies itch: an overview of causes and treatment strategies]. / Postscabiësjeuk.

The main manifestation of scabies infection is intense itching. This itch is experienced by nearly every individual affected by the infestation and may persist even after successful treatment of scabies. In certain cases, this post-scabies itch can persist for several weeks to months. In rare cases, it can even progress into a delusional parasitosis related to scabies. This article highlights three cases and explores the underlying causes of itch as well as treatment strategies.

[Histoplasmosis in a patient with sarcoidosis]. / Histoplasmose bij een patiënt met sarcoïdose.

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by inhalation of spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. H. capsulatum is not present in the Netherlands but can cause severe disseminated disease in the immunocompromised traveller, with high mortality rate, especially when diagnosis is delayed. Therefore, early recognition is crucial. However, similarities with other infectious diseases, haematological malignancies and auto-immune diseases make timely diagnosis difficult. CASE DESCRIPTION: We present a case of a 39-year-old immunocompromised male traveller who presented with disseminated histoplasmosis after a trip to Central America. The diagnosis was made a few months after the first symptoms occurred. He died despite adequate treatment with liposomal amphotericin B. CONCLUSION: Disseminated histoplasmosis should be considered as a cause of unexplained fever in immunocompromised patients who travelled to endemic regions. Mortality is high, even when properly treated. Early recognition and treatment improve outcome.

Head-to-head validation of six immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients.

BACKGROUND: Detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may help to diagnose COVID-19. Head-to-head validation of different types of immunoassays in well-characterized cohorts of hospitalized patients remains needed. METHODS: We validated three chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) (Liaison, Elecsys, and Abbott) and one single molecule array assay (SIMOA) (Quanterix) for automated analyzers, one rapid immunoassay RIA (AllTest), and one ELISA (Wantai) in parallel in first samples from 126 PCR confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients and 158 pre-COVID-19 patients. Specificity of the AllTest was also tested in 106 patients with confirmed parasitic and dengue virus infections. Specificity of the Wantai assay was not tested due to limitations in sample volumes. RESULTS: Overall sensitivity in first samples was 70.6 % for the Liaison, 71.4 % for the Elecsys, 75.4 % for the Abbott, 70.6 % for the Quanterix, 77.8 % for the AllTest, and 88.9 % for the Wantai assay, respectively. Sensitivity was between 77.4 % (Liaison) and 94.0 % (Wantai) after 10 dpso. No false positive results were observed for the Elecsys and Abbott assays. Specificity was 91.1 % for the Quanterix, 96.2 % for the Liaison, and 98.1 % for the AllTest assay, respectively. CONCLUSION: We conclude that low sensitivity of all immunoassays limits their use early after onset of illness in diagnosing COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. After 10 dpso, the Wantai ELISA has a relatively high sensitivity, followed by the point-of-care AllTest RIA that compares favorably with automated analyzer immunoassays.

Turtle-associated human salmonellosis.

A patient who bred exotic turtles as a hobby presented with 2 episodes of severe diarrhea, the second of which was proven to be caused by turtle-associated salmonellosis that was contracted during treatment with a proton-pump inhibitor. The literature about reptile-associated salmonellosis is briefly reviewed.

Clinical research on acupuncture. Part 1. What have reviews of the efficacy and safety of acupuncture told us so far?

UNLABELLED: OVERVIEW AND METHODS: This paper discusses those medical conditions in which clinical trials of acupuncture have been conducted, and where meta-analyses or systematic reviews have been published. It focuses on the general conclusions of these reviews by further examining official reviews conducted in the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, and Canada each of which examined available systematic reviews. While all reviews agree that the methodological rigor of acupuncture clinical trials has generally been poor and that higher quality clinical trials are necessary, this has not completely hampered the interpretation of the results of these clinical trials. In some conditions the evidence of efficacy has clearly reached a sufficient critical mass from enough well-designed studies to draw clear conclusions; for the rest, the evidence is difficult to clearly interpret. This paper also examines conclusions from the same international reviews on the safety and adverse effects of acupuncture. Here, conclusions are more easily drawn and there is good agreement about the safety of acupuncture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: General international agreement has emerged that acupuncture appears to be effective for postoperative dental pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting. For migraine, low-back pain, and temporomandibular disorders the results are considered positive by some and difficult to interpret by others. For a number of conditions such as fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis of the knee, and tennis elbow the evidence is considered promising, but more and better quality research is needed. For conditions such as chronic pain, neck pain, asthma, and drug addiction the evidence is considered inconclusive and difficult to interpret. For smoking cessation, tinnitus, and weight loss the evidence is usually regarded as negative. Reviews have concluded that while not free from serious adverse events, they are rare and that acupuncture is a relatively safe procedure.