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Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is a curative treatment for hematological malignancies. However, appropriate prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), aimed at obtaining rapid and stable engraftment and avoiding toxicity, remains controversial in UCBT. We retrospectively compared outcomes in 409 patients who received calcineurin inhibitors (CIs) plus conventional-dose methotrexate (conv-MTX/CIs, n = 77; methotrexate, 10 mg/m2 on day 1, 7 mg/m2 on days 3 and 6) with those who received CIs plus reduced-dose methotrexate (reduced-MTX/CIs, n = 209; methotrexate, 5 mg/m2 or 5 mg/body on days 1, 3, and 6) or CIs with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF/CIs, n = 123) for GVHD prophylaxis after UCBT. The cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment was significantly higher in the reduced-MTX/CI (82.3%) and MMF/CI (86.6%) groups than the conv-MTX/CI (71.4%) group (p = 0.014), although there were no differences in platelet recovery or infectious complications among the three groups. The incidence and severity of GVHD were comparable among the three groups, and there were no significant differences in transplantation-related mortality among the three groups. In conclusion, GVHD prophylaxis with reduced-dose methotrexate and MMF was closely associated with high incidence of neutrophil engraftment without an effect on the incidence and severity of GVHD, which was compared to GVHD prophylaxis with conventional-dose methotrexate.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Calcineurina/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Ácido Micofenólico/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Inibidores de Calcineurina/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/epidemiologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Humanos , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Incidência , Infecções/epidemiologia , Infecções/etiologia , Japão/epidemiologia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Metotrexato/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Micofenólico/administração & dosagem , Neutrófilos , Contagem de Plaquetas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Mogamulizumab (MOG), a humanized anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) monoclonal antibody, has recently played an important role in the treatment of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Because CCR4 is expressed on normal regulatory T cells as well as on ATLL cells, MOG may accelerate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by eradicating regulatory T cells in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, there is limited information about its safety and efficacy in patients treated with MOG before allo-HSCT. In the present study, 25 patients with ATLL were treated with MOG before allo-HSCT, after which 18 patients (72%) achieved remission. The overall survival and progression-free survival at 1 year post-transplantation were 20.2% (95% CI, 6.0% to 40.3%) and 15.0% (95% CI, 4.3% to 32.0%), respectively. The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD was 64.0% (95% CI, 40.7% to 80.1%) for grade II-IV and 34.7% (95% CI, 15.8% to 54.4%) for grade III-IV. The cumulative incidence of transplantation-related mortality (TRM) was 49.0% (95% CI, 27.0% to 67.8%). Six of 7 patients with acute GVHD grade III-IV died from GVHD, which was the leading cause of death. In particular, a shorter interval from the last administration of MOG to allo-HSCT was associated with more severe GVHD. MOG use before allo-HSCT may decrease the ATLL burden; however, it is associated with an increase in TRM due to severe GVHD. Because MOG is a potent anti-ATLL agent, new treatment protocols should be developed to integrate MOG at suitable doses and timing of administration to minimize unwanted GVHD development.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/toxicidade , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/induzido quimicamente , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/complicações , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/mortalidade , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/mortalidade , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Indução de Remissão/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
In this prospective study, we examined the prophylactic effect of itraconazole oral solution (ITCZ-OS) against invasive fungal disease in hematologic malignancy patients. The participants were 36 patients, at least 16 years of age, with hematologic malignancies treated at our hospital. ITCZ-OS 200 mg/day was administered orally twice a day with a target trough plasma concentration of 350 ng/ml. If the patient did not achieve the target trough plasma concentration, the dose was increased. The success rate of achieving the target trough plasma concentration of ITCZ with a dose of 200 mg/day was 63.9%. During the observation period, 2 patients (5.6%) were diagnosed with possible invasive fungal disease according to the EORTC/MSG 2008 criteria. Adverse events were observed in 2 patients (5.6%). The results showed administration of ITCZ-OS while monitoring ITCZ trough plasma concentrations to be effective for preventing invasive fungal disease, and no serious adverse events occurred. Since predicting trough levels in response to ITCZ administrations is difficult, its measurement is necessary to maintain the prophylactic effect of ITCZ.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Micoses/prevenção & controle , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Itraconazol/administração & dosagem , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micoses/sangue , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Transient marrow expansion of normal B-cell precursors, termed hematogones, is occasionally observed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To understand the clinical significance of this phenomenon, we enumerated hematogones in 108 consecutive patients who received allogeneic HSCT for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, including acute myelogenous leukemia, advanced myelodysplastic syndromes, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hematogone quantitation was performed at the time of complete donor engraftment (median day 25 and 32 in patients who received bone marrow and cord blood cell transplants, respectively). Hematogones were polyclonal B cells, and their frequencies correlated positively with blood B-cell numbers, and inversely with donors' but not recipients' age, suggesting that hematogones reflect cell-intrinsic B-cell potential of donor cells. Interestingly, patients developing hematogones that comprised > 5% of bone marrow mononuclear cells constituted a group with significantly prolonged overall survival and relapse-free survival, irrespective of their primary disease or donor cell source. In addition, patients with > 5% hematogones developed severe acute graft-versus-host diseases less frequently, which may contribute toward their improved survival. We therefore conclude that the amount of hematogones at the time of engraftment may be a useful tool in predicting the prognosis of patients treated with allogeneic HSCT. KEY POINTS: Quantitation of hematogones at engraftment is useful to predict prognosis of patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Assuntos
Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Neoplasias Hematológicas , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Células Precursoras de Linfócitos B , Doadores não Relacionados , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/sangue , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/terapia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/sangue , Neoplasias Hematológicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Humanos , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Taxa de Sobrevida , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
The number of elderly patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) continues to increase but the data regarding autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for elderly patients are limited. We analyzed 484 patients, ages 60 years or over, diagnosed with relapsed/refractory DLBCL who received ASCT from 1993 to 2010 in the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation database. Median age was 64 years (range, 60 to 78). To evaluate the impact of age at ASCT, patients were classified into 3 groups: those between the ages of 60 to 64, 65 to 69, and 70 years or over. Overall nonrelapse mortality (NRM) at day 100, 1 year, and 2 years was 4.1%, 5.9% and 7.7%, respectively. NRM did not significantly differ among age groups (P = .60). Two-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 48% and 58%, respectively. PFS and OS were significantly longer in patients 60 to 64 years old; however, the survival rate was acceptable even in those 70 or over, with a 2-year OS of 46%. ASCT is feasible in selected elderly patients and age alone should not be a contraindication for ASCT. Eligibility should be individualized and identification of a subset of elderly patients at high risk of treatment-related morbidity or mortality warrants investigation.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Idoso , Carboplatina/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Citarabina/uso terapêutico , Etoposídeo/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/imunologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/mortalidade , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Masculino , Melfalan/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos de Nitrosoureia/uso terapêutico , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Transplante AutólogoRESUMO
We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of eight evaluable patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), using different graft sources; four patients received peripheral blood stem cells, three bone marrow, and one umbilical cord blood. The median age was 48 years (range, 43~64 years). Seven patients had an intermediate or high Dupriez score. Three patients underwent myeloablative conditioning, whereas five underwent reduced-intensity conditioning regimens. Engraftment was obtained in all of these recipients. The median days to reach a neutrophil count above 0.5×10(9)/l and platelet count above 20×10(9)/l were 20 and 35 days, respectively. No treatment-related deaths were observed within 100 days after allo-HSCT. Two patients died of sepsis or late-onset non-infectious pulmonary complications. Four patients developed grade I to II acute GVHD, and six patients developed chronic GVHD. The estimated 3-year overall survival was 75% with a median follow up time of 43 months (range, 6~127). Four of 5 patients who were transfusion-dependent became free from transfusion after allo-HSCT. In six of seven patients, a regression of fibrosis was confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. Despite the small number of cases, our results suggested that allo-HSCT is an encouraging curative strategy for treating PMF.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Mielofibrose Primária/terapia , Adulto , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/mortalidade , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus that latently infects most adults and has a tropism to B lymphocytes. In 1988, two cases of EBV infection were reported to be eradicated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an EBV-negative donor. However, the dynamics of EBV after cord blood transplantation (CBT), namely, the kinetics of anti-EBV antibodies, the incidence of negative/adverse seroconversion (from positive to negative), and the clinical course of re-infection (second primary infection) by EBV, have not yet been characterized in detail. Therefore, we performed a nationwide survey that focused on the dynamics of EBV after CBT 1 year or later after CBT. Negative seroconversion occurred in 23% of previously EBV-infected patients. The incidence of late-onset EBV-associated events was 1.9% (13/674): 5 infectious mononucleosis, 2 hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and 6 remaining typical lymphoproliferative disease. HLH occurred in newly infected patients (primary or second primary) and also in those with reactivation and was fatal. The annual monitoring of anti-EBV antibody titers may facilitate the early detection of these late-onset EBV-associated events and treatment initiation before disease progression.
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Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy with a very poor prognosis, and most patients with ATL are elderly. Although post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has yielded promising results in various diseases, available data are limited regarding its outcomes in ATL. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of reduced-intensity peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical donor using PTCy as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. This was a prospective, multicenter phase I/II study (UMIN000021783) conducted at 16 hospitals in Japan. The primary endpoint was the probability of survival with engraftment and without grade III/IV acute GVHD at day 60 after PBSCT. The expected probability of the primary endpoint was estimated to be 60%, and the threshold probability was set at 30% on the basis of previous studies. The conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine (30 mg/m2/d from day -7 to -2), melphalan (40 mg/m2/d on days -3 and -2), and total body irradiation (2 Gy on day -1). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus starting at 0.02 mg/kg/d on day -1, PTCy (50 mg/kg/d on days +3 and +5), and mycophenolate mofetil 2000 mg/d starting on day +6. Eighteen ATL patients underwent PBSCT. The probability of patients who met the primary endpoint was 89% (95% confidence interval, 65% to 99%). The cumulative incidences of grade II to IV acute GVHD, III/IV acute GVHD, and moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD were 39%, 11%, and 17%, respectively. The probabilities of overall survival were 83% at 1 year and 73% at 2 years. The cumulative incidences of non-relapse mortality and disease progression at 1 year were 11% and 28%, respectively. HLA-haploidentical PBSCT with PTCy as GVHD prophylaxis is a valid option for patients with aggressive ATL.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto , Linfoma , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue Periférico , Idoso , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Antígenos HLA , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/terapia , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
A novel anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) agent, letermovir (LMV), could reportedly improve the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients because of its high potential to prevent CMV reactivation. Therefore, 685 Japanese allo-HCT recipients, of whom ~80% had a high risk of CMV reactivation, were retrospectively analyzed to assess the impacts of prophylactic LMV on the incidence of clinically significant CMV (csCMV) infection as well as their transplant outcome. By comparing 114 patients who received LMV prophylaxis for a median 92 days to 571 patients without prophylaxis, we observed that prophylactic LMV could significantly (1) reduce the 180-day cumulative incidence of csCMV infection (44.7 vs. 72.4%, p < 0.001), (2) delay the median time until initiation of CMV antigenemia-guided preemptive therapy (90 vs. 36 days, p < 0.001), (3) shorten the duration of anti-CMV preemptive treatment (21 vs. 25 days, p = 0.006), and (4) improve the overall survival rate at 180 days after transplant (80.4 vs. 73.0%, p = 0.033) with a trend of lower non-relapse mortality (8.9 vs. 14.9%, p = 0.052). Our findings demonstrate that prophylactic LMV treatment is highly effective in preventing the development of csCMV infection and ultimately reduces transplant-related mortality.
Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Acetatos , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Citomegalovirus , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Quinazolinas , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Adequate hematopoietic progenitor cell collection is critical for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Conventionally, patients with multiple myeloma are treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or G-CSF alone to mobilize their peripheral blood stem cells. However, some patients exhibit insufficient stem cell recruitment in response to these regimens. Recently, plerixafor has been approved for coverage by insurance in Japan. Combination treatment with plerixafor and G-CSF is now a standard procedure. In addition, treatment with bortezomib and G-CSF results in efficient stem cell recruitment. On the basis of the results from mouse studies, we hypothesized that combination treatment with bortezomib ensures efficient mobilization and mediates in vivo purging of malignant cells. Therefore, we administered a regimen of bortezomib, G-CSF, and preemptive plerixafor to 10 patients with multiple myeloma, and analyzed its efficacy and safety. The median patient age was 68 years. We collected CD34-positive cells (median: 4.9×106/kg) in a single session of apheresis from all patients. We observed no obvious myeloma cell contamination in the collected product or serious toxicity during treatment and collection. After collection, we performed autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and confirmed engraftment in all patients (median: day 10). We found that the regimen is safe and reliably facilitated the collection of sufficient autologous peripheral blood stem cells by apheresis from all patients in a single day. Despite the small patient group size, we conclude that the regimen is promising for safe and efficient collection of peripheral blood stem cells for autologous transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma.
RESUMO
We stratified patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) according to a white blood cell (WBC) count of ≥ 3 × 109/L (high risk) or < 3 × 109/L (low risk) before administering risk-adapted chemotherapy in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). In total, 27 low-risk and 23 high-risk patients were assigned to receive induction and three courses of consolidation with ATRA and anthracycline, followed by 2-year maintenance regimen. High-risk group additionally received cytarabine during 1st consolidation and another one-shot idarubicin treatment during 3rd consolidation. We prospectively monitored measurable residual disease (MRD) after induction and each consolidation. In the low-risk and high-risk groups, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 86.5% and 81.2% (p = 0.862), and 5-year overall survival rates were 100% and 84.8% (p = 0.062), respectively. In the MRD-negative and MRD-positive groups, 5-year DFS rates were 91.7% and 78.4% (p = 0.402) and 84.7% and 60.0% (p = 0.102) after induction and 1st consolidation, respectively. Relapse rates were 8.3% and 13.3% (p = 0.570) and 9.0% and 40.0% (p = 0.076) after induction and 1st consolidation, respectively. Achieving MRD-negativity after 1st consolidation, rather than after induction, was a potential predictor of relapse and DFS in patients with APL treated with ATRA + chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Quimioterapia de Consolidação , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasia Residual/mortalidade , Tretinoína/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Citarabina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Previsões , Humanos , Idarubicina/administração & dosagem , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasia Residual/diagnóstico , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Tretinoína/administração & dosagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In the original publication of the article, the "CNS involvement" in the last row under the column "Total N=50" has been published incorrectly. The correct Table 1 is given in this correction.
RESUMO
The effects of stem cell transplantation (SCT) in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) remain controversial. We analyzed the feasibility of SCT and risk factors associated with outcomes of PTCL-NOS and AITL patients to identify the potential clinical efficacy of SCT. We retrospectively analyzed the data of PTCL-NOS (n = 83) and AITL (n = 112) patients who received autologous (n = 10 and 16, respectively) or allogeneic (n = 12 and 4, respectively) SCT, or no SCT (n = 61 and 92, respectively) between 2008 and 2018. All PTCL-NOS and AITL diagnoses were reconfirmed by an experienced hematopathologist. Median age at PTCL-NOS and AITL diagnoses in the SCT group was younger than that in the no SCT group. Significant risk factors for lower overall survival were intermediate-high and high-risk international prognostic indexes in PTCL-NOS patients (P = 0.0052), and a > 2 modified prognostic index for T-cell lymphoma (P = 0.0079) and no SCT (P = 0.028) in AITL patients. Autologous or allogeneic SCT compared with no SCT in AITL patients resulted in 3-year overall survival of 68.6% and 100% vs. 57.2% (P = 0.018). Strategies should be developed to improve selection of PTCL-NOS and AITL patients suitable for SCT and/or additional novel therapies.
Assuntos
Linfadenopatia Imunoblástica/terapia , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/terapia , Linfoma de Células T/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Linfadenopatia Imunoblástica/mortalidade , Linfoma de Células T/mortalidade , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have improved through use of novel treatments, especially lenalidomide combined with autologous stem cell transplantation. However, because of their increased life expectancy, an increased risk of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs) has been observed in MM patients, particularly after lenalidomide maintenance in both transplant-eligible (TE) and transplant-ineligible (TI) patients. To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of developing SPMs, we identified 17 TE-MM and 12 TI-MM patients with SPMs among 211 TE-MM and 280 TI-MM patients, including seven TE-MM and four TI-MM patients with hematological malignancies and ten TE-MM and eight TI-MM patients with non-hematological cancers, respectively. The median follow-up time from diagnosis was > 4 years. Multivariate analysis identified a history of high-dose cyclophosphamide use for peripheral blood stem cell harvest in TE-MM patients and > 65 years of age at diagnosis, or a history of adriamycin, lenalidomide, or thalidomide use in TI-MM patients as independent risk factors for SPMs (P < 0.001). Patients with a history of lenalidomide use had a lower risk of death among both TE-MM (P = 0.0326) and TI-MM (P < 0.001) patients. The survival benefit of receiving lenalidomide outweighed the increased risk of SPMs in both TE-and TI-MM patients.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Mieloma Múltiplo/secundário , Segunda Neoplasia Primária , Incidência , Lenalidomida/uso terapêutico , Mieloma Múltiplo/mortalidade , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/induzido quimicamente , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Transplante Autólogo/métodosRESUMO
We prospectively compared outcomes of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) versus high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) consolidation as post-remission therapy for favorable- and intermediate-risk acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1). Two-hundred-forty patients under 65 years with AML-M1, M2, M4, or M5 subtypes were enrolled. After induction, 153 patients did not undergo randomization, while the remaining 87 who achieved CR1 were prospectively randomized to HiDAC (n = 45) or ASCT arm (n = 42). In the HiDAC arm, 43 patients completed three cycles of HiDAC, whereas in ASCT arm 22 patients completed two cycles of consolidation consisting of intermediate-dose cytarabine plus mitoxantrone or etoposide followed by ASCT. The three-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 41% in HiDAC and 55% in ASCT arm (p = 0.25). Three-year overall survival (OS) rates were 77 and 68% (p = 0.67). Incidence of relapse was 54 and 41% (p = 0.22). There was no significant difference in nonrelapse mortality between two arms (p = 0.88). Patients in the ASCT arm tended to have higher DFS rates and lower relapse rates than patients in HiDAC; however, there was no significant improvement in OS in patients with favorable- and intermediate-risk AML in CR1. Patients with AML are not benefited by the intensified chemotherapy represented by ASCT.
Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia de Consolidação , Citarabina/administração & dosagem , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue Periférico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Autoenxertos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Indução de Remissão , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: The prognosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for non-remission hematological malignant diseases is usually unfavorable. The most uncontrollable factor is residual disease or relapse. To overcome this problem, intensified conditioning regimens- sequential and/or additional chemotherapy to the standard regimen- could be effective. However, increasing the intensity of conditioning might also lead to more complications. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 81 patients with non-remission disease who received allogeneic HSCT in our institution between 2007 and 2011. Results: 55.6% in 36 myeloablative conditioning patients and 46.7% in 45 reduced-intensity conditioning patients received intensified conditioning. The 5-year probability of overall survival was 35.0% and 17.1% in the standard and intensified group, respectively (p=0.027). Relapse mortality was 30% in the standard regimen group and 36.6% in the intensified regimen group (p=0.54). Transplant-related mortality (TRM) at 30 and 100 days was 5%, 17.1% (p=0.086) and 27.5%, 34.2% (p=0.52) in the standard and intensified group, respectively. There was no difference in TRM between the 2 groups at 30 days and 100 days. Conclusion: The results of the study confirm the safety of the intensified conditioning regimen. Meanwhile, it could be considered as one of the few methods available to reduce the tumor burden before HSCT for refractory malignant diseases.
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This study aimed at determining how cytogenetic risk status affects outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after undergoing various types of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Of 7812 patients eligible for analysis, cytogenetic risk was classified as favorable for 1088, intermediate for 5025, and poor for 1699. Overall, multivariate analysis showed significant intergroup differences in terms of relapse and survival, with the difference between poor- and intermediate-risk groups being greater than that between favorable- and intermediate-risk groups. Non-relapse mortality was identical for the three groups. Significant effects of cytogenetic risk status on survival were documented irrespective of donor type (related, unrelated, and umbilical cord blood), disease status at the time of transplantation (first or second complete remission, and more advanced disease status), and conditioning intensity (myeloablative and reduced-intensity). Our findings demonstrate robust and constant effects of cytogenetic risk status on survival after allogeneic HCT for patients with AML.
Assuntos
Análise Citogenética/métodos , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/classificação , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/mortalidade , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/patologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We describe the case of a 38-year-old male patient who had acute myeloid leukemia and developed prolonged neutropenia after induction chemotherapy. He developed thrombotic complications at multiple sites. Thrombophlebitis of the hemorrhoidal plexus became exacerbated and developed into critical cellulitis. Because the patient had no human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling, we considered an alternative donor. Because of the necessity for early neutrophil recovery to resolve the critical infection, we proceeded with allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from a microchimeric haploidentical sibling donor. We infused peripheral blood mononuclear cells directly into the patient without cryopreservation and thawing procedures. We aimed for the contaminating granulocytes to act as a granulocyte transfusion. Actually, the neutrophils increased to 1.6 x 10(9)/L on day 1, when the patient showed a temporary resolution of infection. Engraftment was achieved shortly after neutropenic nadir, and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been well controlled. Although the patient experiences extensive chronic GVHD, he has been well as an outpatient with a 90% Karnofsky performance status score. The leukemia has been in complete remission for more than 1 year. These findings suggest the clinical utility of a salvage therapy with allogeneic PBSCT from a microchimeric haploidentical donor to treat refractory leukemia concurrent with life-threatening infection.
Assuntos
Celulite (Flegmão)/etiologia , Leucemia Mieloide/complicações , Leucemia Mieloide/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue Periférico/métodos , Terapia de Salvação/métodos , Tromboflebite/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Granulócitos , Humanos , Infecções , Masculino , Irmãos , Doadores de Tecidos , Transplante Homólogo , Gêmeos MonozigóticosRESUMO
Umbilical cord blood transplantation with a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen (RIC-UCBT) is used increasingly in patients who have comorbid organ functions and lack human leukocyte antigen-identical donors. We compared the outcomes in 35 patients who received mycophenolate mofetil plus cyclosporine (MMF/CSP, n = 17) or MMF plus tacrolimus (MMF/TAC, n = 18) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis after RIC-UCBT. Cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment was 94 and 89 % in MMF/CSP and MMF/TAC groups, respectively (p = 0.34). The incidence of pre-engraftment immune reaction did not differ between the MMF/CSP (41 %) and MMF/TAC (39 %, p = 1.00) groups; however, patients in the MMF/TAC group tended to have a lower incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD than those in MMF/CSP group (28 vs 53 %, p = 0.11). Overall survival (OS) at 1 year was 43 and 60 % in MMF/CSP and MMF/TAC groups, respectively (p = 0.39). Progression-free survival, non-relapse mortality, and relapse rate were comparable between the two groups (p = 0.76, 0.59, and 0.88, respectively). In multivariate analyses, MMF/TAC GVHD prophylaxis was closely associated with improved OS, but not with incidence of engraftment and acute GVHD. These results suggest that more intensive GVHD prophylaxis with MMF/TAC decreased acute GVHD without affecting other clinical outcomes, resulting in improved OS after RIC-UCBT.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Sangue Fetal/transplante , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Ácido Micofenólico/uso terapêutico , Tacrolimo/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We conducted a retrospective registry-based study involving 198 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who underwent autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) during second complete remission (CR2) from 1995 to 2012. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) became commercially available in Japan in December 2004, and a substantial increase in the annual numbers of transplantations has occurred since 2005. Patients transplanted after 2006 had significantly better relapse-free and overall survival than those transplanted before 2004 (p = .028 and p = .027, respectively). There was a significant difference in cumulative incidence of relapse in favor of those transplanted after 2006 (p = .008), whereas non-relapse mortality did not differ between the two groups (p = .683). Our findings suggest that the introduction of ATO may have reduced post-transplantation relapse without increasing non-relapse mortality, resulting in significant improvements in overall outcomes for relapsed APL patients undergoing autologous HCT during CR2.