[Renaissance of mouse favus : Retrospective analysis of Trichophyton quinckeanum infections at Jena University Hospital in the period 2015-2020]. / Renaissance des Mäusefavus : Retrospektive Analyse der Trichophyton-quinckeanum-Infektionen am Universitätsklinikum Jena im Zeitraum 2015 bis 2020.

The number of Trichophyton quinckeanum infections has increased significantly in recent years. In 2020 in particular, the number of cases increased fivefold compared to 2015. Infections multiplied, especially in the second half of the year, which correlated with the upsurge in field mouse populations. Typical vectors are mice and rats as well as dogs and cats, which hunt the rodents. The animals are usually asymptomatic. In humans, on the other hand, the course is usually more inflammatory corresponding to other zoophilic mycoses. Typical clinical manifestations of the infections are tinea corporis and tinea capitis. Treatment of T. quinckeanum infections is similar to other dermatophyte infections, depending on the severity, location and age of the patient as well as the immune status, previous illnesses and medication. The duration of local therapy should be at least 4 weeks and continued for up to 14 days after the normalization of the skin presentation. Systemic treatment should take place with terbinafine 250 mg once a day orally (in adults). Alternatives are itraconazole, fluconazole and griseofulvin. Only the preparation griseofulvin, which is no longer available in Germany, is approved for children. Alternatively, terbinafine, itraconazole or fluconazole can also be used in children as an "off-label" treatment in an individual healing attempt.

Identification of a 27 kDa protein in patients with anaphylactic reactions to mango.

Mango fruit has become increasingly popular in recent years. We report on 2 patients who developed anaphylactic reactions after the ingestion of fresh mango. Allergy to mango was confirmed by a positive skin prick test result and positive cellular allergen stimulation test results. Neither of the patients had detectable mango-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels. Results were validated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblotting and analyzed using Quantiscan.We identified 2 major allergens with a molecular weight of 27 kDa in both patients, in addition to a 15 kDa allergen in 1 patient and a 32 kDa allergen in the other. Currently available IgE systems seem to be lacking these mango allergens and as such are probably unsuitable for diagnosing type 1 sensitization to mango. Skin prick testing with fresh mango fruit therefore seems to be a much more reliable test method for clinical practice.

Influence of cyclodextrins on the proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro.

Safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical agents can be greatly improved by encapsulation within, or covalent attachment to, a biomaterial carrier. Drug delivery systems must deliver the necessary amount of drug to the targeted site for a necessary period of time, both efficiently and precisely. Various kinds of high-performance biomaterials are being constantly developed for this purpose. Cyclodextrins are potential candidates for such a role, because of their ability to alter physical, chemical, and biological properties of guest molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes. The alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins are widely used natural cyclodextrins, consisting of six, seven, and eight D-glucopyranose residues, respectively, linked by -1,4 glycosidic bonds into a macro cycle. Each cyclodextrin has its own ability to form inclusion complexes with specific guests, an ability, which depends on a proper fit of the guest molecule into the hydrophobic cyclodextrin cavity. The most common pharmaceutical application of cyclodextrins is to enhance the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of drug molecules. Such kinds of ligand-receptor complexes can be used for different applications, e.g., for a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) or in biofunctional textiles. The aim of this study was the investigation of the influence of the different cyclodextrins on the cell proliferation using HaCaT keratinocytes as an in vitro test system. Moreover, the study was performed to find harmless and nontoxic cyclodextrin concentrations for dermal applications. By means of different independent in vitro tests could be confirmed that alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins in concentrations up to 0.1% (w/v) do not show any antiproliferative influence on HaCaT keratinocytes. Sometimes even proliferative effects could be found. However, all used cyclodextrins (besides gamma-cyclodextrin and its derivatives) in concentrations of 0.5 and 1% (w/v), respectively, exert a cytotoxic influence on the proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes. On the basis of these findings, the following rank order of cyclodextrins regarding their cytotoxicity was proposed: M-beta-CD > beta-CD > HP-beta-CD > alpha-CD > (gamma-CD). It could be confirmed that beta-CD and M-beta-CD trigger the activity of the effectors caspases -3 and -7. A significant increase of LDH release could be found for beta-CD and methyl-beta-CD in concentrations of 0.5 and 1% (w/v). The calculated cytotoxicity amounted 45 and 79%, respectively. The measurements of the interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 confirmed the findings of the proliferation assays as well as the LDH measurements. These findings may provide further rationale to the use of CDs in topical formulations for dermal and transdermal drug delivery or as raw material to functionalize textiles for medical applications.

FITC-insulin binding to normal and psoriatic epidermis.

FITC-insulin was prepared and applied to frozen human skin sections. In normal and nonlesional psoriatic epidermis, the binding was cytoplasmic in suprabasal cells. In psoriatic lesions, fairly stained or even unstained cells were littered in suprabasal epidermis indicating the expansion of selected basal cell qualities into the stratum spinosum.

Distribution of glycoconjugates in human skin appendages.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the occurrence and distribution of glycoconjugates in normal human epidermis and skin appendages (pilosebaceous unit, eccrine sweat gland) by means of FITC-labelled lectins (ConA, WGA, UEA I). Both the outer hair root and the follicular ostium-epithel disclosed a glycoconjugate expression with close homology to interfollicular epidermis. The acinar epithelium of sebaceous glands and the inner layers of hair follicles showed a more or less distinct staining pattern. Lectin binding of eccrine sweat glands revealed marked differences between ducts and secretory coils. The epithelial distribution of glycoconjugates indicates a relatively independent differentiation pathway of eccrine sweat glands compared with other specialized epithelia of the human skin.

Histochemistry of the porcine pilosebaceous unit.

The present study describes lectin and immunoreactivity in the pilosebaceous unit of porcine skin. Complex carbohydrates of mucin and biantennary Man/Gluc types were distributed among hair follicle epithelia (hair root sheaths, cuticula, shaft, and shaft matrix). Sebaceous glands expressed biantennary Man/Gluc carbohydrates and GalNAc residues. The expression of simple-type and epidermis-like keratins was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies. Filaggrin-positive cells were found in the keratinizing zone of Henle's layer in anagen follicles. The innermost layer of the outer hair root sheath was stained with antibodies against the epidermal growth factor-receptor, keratin 10 and Ki67 antigen. The differences to humans were remarkably small.

[Characterization of lectin binding by psoriatic epidermis--dependence on pH]. / Zur Charakterisierung der Lektinbindung psoriatischer Epidermis--pH-Abhängigkeit.

The binding of five different lectins by normal as well as psoriatic lesional epidermis was investigated with regard to its dependence on the pH value. As we studied the reactions within the pH range of 3.0 to 9.66, we obtained the following results: lectin binding almost independent from pH (FITC-Con A, -PHA, HPA), fluorescence intensity dependent on pH (TRITC-Con A, FITC-LCA, -GCA), binding pattern dependent on pH (FITC-LCA, GCA). In contrast to normal epidermis, there was no pH dependence of the FITC-GCA binding pattern in psoriatic lesional epidermis.

[UV-A exposure of the human epidermis enhances the binding of antibodies to SSA/Ro in vitro]. / UV-A-Exposition humaner Epidermis ermöglicht die Bindung von Antikörpern gegen SSA/Ro in vitro.

Normal and psoriatic skin specimens (n = 15) were processed to give 4-micron-thick frozen sections and exposed to a single UV irradiation in vitro. We used monochromatic UV-B (313 nm) and UV-A (365 nm). The doses were as follows: 10(3)/10(4) J/m2 (UV-B) or 4.10(3)/8.10(4) J/m2 (UV-A). We investigated the effect on epidermal binding of antibodies to SSA/Ro using the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Untreated and UV-B-treated human skin failed to bind anti-SSA/Ro. UV-A exposure disclosed reticular or granular staining of epidermal nuclei and a perinuclear halo. The effect was nearly the same throughout the dosage range. The combination of UV-A and methoxsalen increased the intensity of staining. Normal and psoriatic skin behaved in the same way.

[Contact allergy to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide]. / Kontaktallergie gegenüber Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid.

Allergic contact dermatitis occurring in a 25 years old female biochemist was found to be due to occupational handling of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). This was confirmed by patch testing. Though DCC is widely used in peptide chemistry as completing reagent, only a few publications report occupational allergic contact dermatitis.

Lectin-binding sites in testis of men with acrosomeless round-headed spermatozoa.

We report herein about lectin histochemistry of seminiferous epithelia in two infertile men with exlusely acrosomeless round-headed spermatozoa. FITC-conjugated lectins (ConA, PNA, RCA II, WGA) have been employed on tissue sections of Bouin fixed testicular biopsies. RCA II gave a dot-like fluorescence of the acrosomal region and WGA gave a cap-like acrosomal fluorescence of spermatids. PNA-a marker of acrosomal differentiation-failed to stain spermatids. The binding of ConA to germ cells was not influenced by this syndrome. In conclusion, the syndrome of acrosomeless round-headed spermatozoa is associated with selective perturbations of testicular lectin-binding sites. They might contribute of the inability of sperm cells to adhere to and penetrate into ova.

Alterations of epidermal lectin binding sites in acute contact dermatitis.

We investigated alterations of epidermal lectin binding sites, as well as of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid antigens, in 28 human patch test reactions, both allergic (nickel, formaldehyde, N,N'-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N'-phenylenediamine) and irritant (sodium lauryl sulfate). The epidermal reactivity to a panel of lectins and human antisera to pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid antigens was compared with samples obtained from normal skin and from skin under tape occlusion. We observed selective perturbations of lectin and antibody binding in acute contact dermatitis, whether allergic or irritant. The main findings were a loss of terminal sialic acids and longer bi- and triantennary mannosyl residues as well as a loss of pemphigus vulgaris antigen. The only difference between allergic and irritant patch test reactions was in topography of loss of WGA binding sites: in the former, it was most pronounced in the lower and middle epidermis, whereas in the latter it was seen in the uppermost subcorneal layers. Our findings support a common pathway of cell membrane alterations of keratinocytes in acute contact dermatitis.

[Lectin histochemical study of epidermal nevi]. / Lektinhistochemische Untersuchung epidermaler Naevi.

3 epidermal nevi were investigated by means of FITC-labeled lectins (LCA, RCA II, ConA, WGA). In comparison with normal skin, we observed selective modifications of the lectin-binding patterns. These findings suggest an increased presence of GlcNAc residues.

[Partial characterization of the epithelial lectin binding sites of human gingiva and skin]. / Partielle Charakterisierung der epithelialen Lektinbindung humaner Gingiva und Haut.

Frozen sections of human gingiva and skin, fixed in acetone, were subjected to limited enzyme digestion (neuraminidase, proteinase K, trypsin) or, respectively, the application of solvents (chloroform/methanol, triton X-100) to allow a partial characterization of epithelial lectin binding sites. Gingiva differs from normal skin in that more conA-binding glycolipids are present in the lower cell layers. In the upper layers conA-fixing glycoproteins are prevailing. Psoriatic foci regularly exhibit an increased presence of conA-binding glycolipids. Gingiva and normal skin have some common features in the behavior of the lectin binding sites of HPA, WGA and UEA I. Analogies in the binding pattern of conA and UEA I in gingival tissue and in psoriatic foci are thus due to different lectin receptors.

Testicular lectinhistochemistry in the Sertoli-cell-only-syndrome.

Glycoconjugate expression was studied in tissue specimens of the Sertoli-cell-only-syndrome by lectinhistochemistry. Both ConA and WGA marked the cell surface of Sertoli cells fainty. UEA I labelled their nucleoli. PNA and RCA failed to stain Sertoli cells. These staining patterns resembled those of normal human testis. The thickened tubular walls in the Sertoli-cell-only-syndrome were abundant in binding sites for WGA, PNA, UEA I, and RCA. ConA stained the outer part of the wall heavily, but failed to react with the adluminal part. It is suggested, that the Sertoli-cell-only-syndrome is accompanied by a selective loss of mannosyl residues in the adluminal part of thickened tubular walls.

[Acrosyringial keratinocytes--no abnormal differentiation in psoriasis vulgaris]. / Keratinozyten des Acrosyringiums--keine Differenzierungsstörung bei Psoriasis vulgaris.

Histochemical investigations were performed in normal and psoriatic epidermis to evaluate possible differences in the acrosyringial reactivity. Luminal (abundant in glycoconjugates, immunoreactive) and outer (almost nonreactive) epithelial cells could be distinguished. Psoriasis did not affect the staining pattern. The findings argue against a primary involvement of acrosyringial keratinocytes in the abnormal differentiation pathway of psoriatic epidermal cells. Moreover, they underline the relative independence of the acrosyringium from interfollicular epidermis.

[Unilateral systematic linear porokeratosis. Immuno- and lectin histochemistry]. / Unilaterale systematische lineäre Porokeratose. Immun- und Lektinhistochemie.

An uncommon case of unilateral systemic linear porokeratosis in a women aged 22 years is reported in this paper. The results obtained from frozen-section investigations into lectin binding were indicative of reduced epidermal fucosylation and sialinization beneath the cornoid lamella. The basal stratum failed to react with a polyclonal antibody against calmodulin. Epidermal reaction, with AS-6 staining against urokinase, was of higher intensity. The above findings, as a whole, are likely to suggest accelerated keratinocyte migration to the stratum corneum in cases of linear porokeratosis and and should actually support assignment of the latter to the group of dermatoses with transepidermal elimination.

Nonallergic anaphylaxis to pantoprazole.

Consider reactions to proton pump blockers in suspected food hypersensitivity

[Eruptive capillary hemangioma following argon laser therapy of naevus flammeus]. / Eruptives kapilläres Hämangiom nach Argonlaser-Therapie eines Naevus flammeus.

A typical eruptive capillary hemangioma developed at the margin of an argon laser-treated nevus flammeus. The relationship of argon laser-induced vascular reactions to eruptive capillary hemangioma is discussed.

[Psoriasis vulgaris--unchanged endothelial reactivity with histochemical markers]. / Psoriasis vulgaris--unveränderte Endothelreaktivität mit histochemischen Markern.

Frozen sections from psoriatic lesions were investigated regarding their reactivity with endothelial markers (UEA I, EEA I, LTA, Con A, factor VIII-related antigen). We compared the findings obtained with those of both uninvolved psoriatic skin and normal skin. Although all lectins showed altered epidermal binding in comparison to the controls, the endothelial lectin binding as well as the expression of factor VIII-related antigen were the same in both psoriatric lesions and controls. Our findings argue for (1) intact dimorphic genetic control of ABH expression in both epidermal and endothelial cells, (2) altered epidermal differentiation of lesional psoriatric skin, and (3) secondary vascular alterations.

[X-ray irradiation of the human epidermis in vitro. II. Comparison of a single 44 kV and 200 kV x-ray irradiation]. / Röntgenbestrahlung humaner Epidermis in vitro. II. Vergleich einer einmaligen 44 kV und 200 kV Röntgenbestrahlung.

On example of the reduction of epidermal binding of FITC-wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) the direct membrane effect of a single roentgen irradiation (44 kV and 220 kV) was analysed in vitro. Human normal skin and psoriasis centre were compared. Normal skin showed no alteration of light-microscopically visible FITC-WGA-binding on epidermal cells over the whole doses range. Psoriatic lesions responded to doses of greater than or equal to 5 Gy (44 and 220 kV) with a drastic reduction of epidermal lectin adhesion to lower and middle cell layers. The maximum of efficacy was with 5 Gy (44 kV) or 10 Gy (220 kV). A dose elevation up to 20 Gy did not result in an increase of efficacy. Topographically the radiosensitive FITC-WGA-binding could be seen in the rete ridges above all. The findings support the impression of an increased radiosensitivity of the lesional psoriasis epidermis compared with normal skin. The causes for this are seen in an abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes in psoriasis.