RESUMO
This paper describes the image formation process in optical leakage radiation microscopy of surface plasmon-polaritons with diffraction limited spatial resolution. The comparison of experimentally recorded images with simulations of point-like surface plasmon-polariton emitters allows for an assignment of the observed fringe patterns. A simple formula for the prediction of the fringe periodicity is presented and practically relevant effects of abberations in the imaging system are discussed.
Assuntos
Desenho Assistido por Computador , Aumento da Imagem/instrumentação , Microscopia/instrumentação , Modelos Teóricos , Refratometria/instrumentação , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície/instrumentação , Simulação por Computador , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Luz , Doses de Radiação , Espalhamento de RadiaçãoRESUMO
The spontaneous emission rate of a fluorophore provides a direct probe of the photonic local density of states at the fluorophore position. Here we exploit this capability to map the plasmonic modes of gold nanoparticles by imaging the fluorescence intensity in combined regular arrays of identical gold and fluorophore-doped polymer nanoparticles. By varying the distance between gold and polymer particles across the array, the fluorophore emission generates an optical Moiré pattern corresponding to a magnified spatial map of the plasmonic mode, which can be directly imaged with an optical microscope. Our results are corroborated by supplementary theoretical model calculations.
RESUMO
We study dielectric/metal thin film multilayers designed for the coupling of dielectric waveguide modes and surface plasmons. The coupling as identified in calculated dispersion relations for extended multilayers is confirmed by measured angle-resolved reflectance data. By lateral structuring of the multilayers the mutual coupling of dielectric and plasmonic modes is directly observed by fluorescence based microscopy. For a light wavelength of 514nm we find a coupling length of 15microm. Our results highlight the potential of hybrid dielectric/metal waveguides for integrating surface plasmon based photonic circuitry or sensing elements into conventional optical devices.
Assuntos
Microscopia de Fluorescência/instrumentação , Óptica e Fotônica , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície/instrumentação , Corantes/farmacologia , Eletrônica , Desenho de Equipamento , Luz , Metais/química , Microscopia de Fluorescência/métodos , Microscopia de Polarização/instrumentação , Microscopia de Polarização/métodos , Modelos Estatísticos , Modelos Teóricos , Dispositivos Ópticos , Polímeros/química , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície/métodosRESUMO
This article reports on the imaging of the surface plasmon fields of lithographically designed micrometre-sized gold structures. We investigate rings made of disk-shaped particles and individual crescent-shaped particles. These structures are imaged with two techniques, dark field imaging of elastically scattered light and imaging the surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal of methylene blue dye adsorbed onto the structures. Although elastically scattered light images result from the coherently summed contributions from all elementary scattering volumes, surface-enhanced Raman scattering images reflect the optical near-field intensity incoherently averaged over a surface area corresponding to the spatial resolution of the microscope objective. The combination of both imaging methods enables us to emphasize the role of plasmon coupling and antenna effect in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement.
RESUMO
We present an overview of recent progress in "plasmonics". We focus our study on the observation and excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) with optical near-field microscopy. We discuss in particular recent applications of photon scanning tunnelling microscope (PSTM) for imaging of SPP propagating in metal and dielectric wave guides. We show how near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) can be used to optically and actively address remote nano objects such as quantum dots. Additionally we compare results obtained with near-field microcopy to those obtained with other optical far-field methods of analysis such as leakage radiation microscopy (LRM).
RESUMO
An experimental three dimensional characterization of the local refractive index sensitivity of plasmonic gold nanorods is performed by controlled apposition of lithographic nanostructures. We show up to seven times higher sensitivity values to local changes in the refractive index at the particle tip than center. In addition, successive deposition of defined nm-thin dielectric layers on nanorods covered with stripe masks allows us to study the sensitivity decrease normal to the particle surface separately for different particle sites. Clear trends to a stronger sensitivity decay at sites of higher local sensitivity are demonstrated experimentally and theoretically. Our sensitivity characterization provides an important tool to find the most suitable particle type and particle site for specific bio-sensing applications.
Assuntos
Nanotubos/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Ouro/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Polimetil Metacrilato/química , Técnicas de Microbalança de Cristal de Quartzo , Dióxido de Silício/química , Ressonância de Plasmônio de SuperfícieRESUMO
In this article, we investigate the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) efficiency of methylene blue (MB) molecules deposited on gold nanostripes which, due to their fabrication by electron beam lithography and thermal evaporation, present various degrees of crystallinity and nanoscale surface roughness (NSR). By comparing gold nanostructures with different degrees of roughness and crystallinity, we show that the NSR has a strong effect on the SERS intensity of MB probe molecules. In particular, the NSR features of the lithographic structures significantly enhance the Raman signal of MB molecules, even when the excitation wavelength lies far from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the stripes. These results are in very good agreement with numerical calculations of the SERS gain obtained using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). The influence of NSR on the optical near-field response of lithographic structures thus appears crucial since they are widely used in the context of nano-optics or/and molecular sensing.
RESUMO
In this paper, we report on the observation of multipolar surface plasmon excitation in lithographically designed gold nanotriangles, investigated by means of far-field extinction microspectroscopy in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. Several bands are observed in the visible and near infrared regions when increasing the side length of the triangles. The assignment of these peaks to successive in-plane multipolar plasmon modes is supported by calculations using the discrete dipole approximation method. We show that the lowest three multipolar excitations are clearly resolved in the visible and near infrared range. These new spectral features could be very promising in nanooptics or for chemosensing and biosensing applications.
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We study the dipolar coupling of gold nanoparticles arranged in regular two-dimensional arrays by extinction micro-spectroscopy. When the interparticle spacing approaches the plasmon resonance wavelength of the individual particles, an additional band of very narrow width emerges in the extinction spectrum. By systematically changing the particles dielectric environment, the particles shape, the grating constant and angle of incidence, we show how this band associated to a grating induced-resonance can be influenced in strength and spectral position. The spectral position can be qualitatively understood by considering the conditions for grazing grating orders whereas the strength can be related to the strength of dipolar scattering from the individual particles.
RESUMO
We present Raman spectra and Raman images of the methylene blue molecule adsorbed as a single layer on gold nanoparticles regularly arranged in periodic arrays. Spectra and images are recorded in the same spatial and spectral regions using an excitation under total internal reflection. Images of the Raman scattering appear as spots of circular shape located at the particle positions with size defined by the diffraction limit. It appears that all excited particles contribute equally to the Raman signal if the Gaussian intensity distribution of the laser beam is taken into account. These results demonstrate that Raman scattering can be a useful technique to study plasmon properties.
Assuntos
Ouro/química , Teste de Materiais/métodos , Nanotubos/química , Nanotubos/ultraestrutura , Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície/métodos , Ouro/análise , Coloide de Ouro/análise , Coloide de Ouro/química , Nanotecnologia/métodos , Nanotubos/análise , Tamanho da PartículaRESUMO
Visible and near infrared extinction spectra of gold nanorod regular arrays exhibit several bands assigned to high multipolar order plasmon resonances. These up to ninth order multipolar resonances generate surface enhanced Raman scattering spectra with typically 5 x 10(4) enhancement which is of similar magnitude as those obtained for dipolar excitations.
RESUMO
We report the experimental realization of key elements of a two-dimensional optics based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Local SPP sources, Bragg mirrors and beamsplitters were lithographically built from silver nanostructures. The SPP fields were imaged by detecting the fluorescence of molecules that act as local probes of the SPP near-field intensity.
Assuntos
Nanotecnologia/instrumentação , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície/instrumentação , Corantes Fluorescentes , Lasers , Óptica e Fotônica , Tamanho da Partícula , Prata/químicaRESUMO
Lithographically designed two-dimensional arrays consisting of gold nanoparticles deposited on a smooth gold film are used as substrate to examine the SERS effect of the trans-1,2-bis (4-pyridyl) ethylene molecule. These arrays display two plasmon bands instead of the single one observed for the same arrays of particles but deposited on indium tin oxide coated glass. Laser excitation within the short wavelength band does not bring about any SERS spectrum, while excitation within the long wavelength band yields SERS spectra with a gain per molecule rising up to 10(8). The simultaneous investigation of extinction and Raman spectra of arrays exhibiting various topography parameters enables us to suggest an interpretation for both the occurrence of the two plasmon resonances and for the high Raman enhancement. We suggest to assign the short wavelength band to a plasmon wave propagating at the gold glass interface and the long wavelength one to an air/gold surface plasmon mode modified by particle-particle interaction.