RESUMO
Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to study the dielectric function of LiCuVO4, a compound comprised of chains of edge-sharing CuO4 plaquettes, in the spectral range 0.75-6.5 eV at temperatures 7-300 K. For photon polarization along the chains, the data reveal a weak but well-resolved two-peak structure centered at 2.15 and 2.95 eV whose spectral weight is strongly enhanced upon cooling near the magnetic ordering temperature. We identify these features as an exciton doublet in the Mott-Hubbard gap that emerges as a consequence of the Coulomb interaction between electrons on nearest and next-nearest-neighbor sites along the chains. Our results and methodology can be used to address the role of the long-range Coulomb repulsion for compounds with doped copper-oxide chains and planes.
RESUMO
We investigate the spectral function of a hole moving in the orbital-ordered ferromagnetic planes of LaMnO3, and show that it depends critically on the type of orbital ordering. While the hole does not couple to the spin excitations, it interacts strongly with the excitations of e(g) orbitals (orbitons), leading to a new type of quasiparticle with a dispersion on the orbiton energy scale and with strongly enhanced mass and reduced weight. Therefore we predict a large redistribution of spectral weight with respect to the bands found in local density approximation (LDA) or in LDA+U.
RESUMO
The influence of radiation sterilization on the stability of trifluorothymidine (TFT) was investigated. TFT was irradiated under ambient atmosphere with a 60Co-source and with an electron accelerator at 25, 50, and 100 kGy, respectively. The radiation-induced effects were determined by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods as well as potentiometrically with a fluoride selective electrode. TFT was moderately stable to ionizing radiation. The degradation induced by electron-beam irradiation was significantly (P=95%) smaller than by gamma-irradiation. The radiolysis products amounted to about 0.25% after electron-beam irradiation at 25 kGy, and to about 0.50% after gamma-irradiation, respectively. The main irradiation product was 5-trifluoromethyluracil (TFMU). In addition five further impurities were detected with HPLC. Identification of degradation products was performed using HPLC-ESI-MS. A degradation path of TFT after radiation sterilization was shown.
Assuntos
Antivirais/efeitos da radiação , Esterilização/métodos , Tecnologia Farmacêutica , Trifluridina/efeitos da radiação , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Raios gamaRESUMO
The influence of an industrial waste water containing partly toxic and poorly biodegradable substances on an autotrophic biocenosis was investigated. Nitrifying bacteria were identified using fluorescently-labeled oligonucleotide probes and epifluorescence microscopy. Industrial waste water was used untreated and after ozonation to simulate the effects of indirect discharge to municipal waste water treatment plants. Results were compared to those obtained with acetate as a non-toxic and easily biodegradable substance and a mixture of acetate and pyruvate. The degradation of ammonium and the formation of nitrite and nitrate were measured and compared with the results obtained by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). The untreated waste water, containing higher amounts of refractory substances, disturbed nitrification, which was restored after reaching higher elimination of the organic substances. However, it showed only minor effects on the bacterial composition. These findings were similar to those reached by the addition of acetate and pyruvate. On the other hand, the ozonated waste water, showing higher toxicity than the untreated waste water, caused a stabilization in nitrification, but the composition of the population of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria changed significantly. In all cases, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were only little affected both in activity and abundance.