RESUMO
In 352 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, a multicenter double-masked, parallel-group clinical study compared the effects on intraocular pressure and ocular comfort of 0.5% betaxolol ophthalmic solution, a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, with 0.25% betaxolol suspension. With twice-daily dosages, baseline intraocular pressure was significantly reduced (P = .0005), with no significant difference between the two groups, at Week 2 and at Months 1, 2, and 3. Further, the prevalence of ocular discomfort upon topical instillation was significantly lower for 0.25% betaxolol suspension than for 0.5% betaxolol solution (P = .0005).
Assuntos
Betaxolol/administração & dosagem , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Ocular/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Tópica , Análise de Variância , Betaxolol/efeitos adversos , Betaxolol/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Soluções Oftálmicas/administração & dosagem , Soluções Oftálmicas/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Suspensões/administração & dosagem , Suspensões/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The purpose of this quasi-experimental pilot study was to investigate the effectiveness of applying cooperative learning theory when educating persons with diabetes and their spouses. The target population were patient-spouse pairs who had attended a diabetic outpatient program within the past 2 years. Members of the experimental group employed cooperative learning strategies to review information about diabetes; members of the control group were provided with a lecture reviewing information about diabetes. Results suggested an increase in knowledge about diabetes in both groups. Although the experimental group reported a favorable attitude toward cooperative learning, the results did not demonstrate that the cooperative learning instructional method contributed to more improved learning than the lecture method. Limitations of the study methodology are discussed to better understand the results.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/enfermagem , Família/psicologia , Aprendizagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Teoria Psicológica , Psicologia , Psicologia EducacionalRESUMO
Tear lysozyme and gamma A globulin (IgA) concentrations were determined during a 24 hour period using a simple quantitative method. Tear lysozyme was significantly elevated between the 9 and 12 AM periods, and reduced during the sleep periods from midnight to 3 AM. Tear IgA concentrations showed individual variability, but no discernible diurnal rhythm.