RESUMO
Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of refractive status of preschool children in Changdu, Tibet. Methods: From July 2020 to October 2020, a cross-section investigation was performed among preschool children in Changdu, Tibet. The general information was collected, and the uncorrected refractive status was recorded and investigated. The measurement data were expressed by mean±standard deviation, and the t-test and χ2 test were used for univariate analysis. The questionnaire of factors influencing children's visual acuity was distributed to the parents of the children. The independent variables included height, weight, nutritional status, parents' eyesight, sleeping time and habits that were bad for eyes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of refractive status, including age and gender. Results: A total of 2 793 children were screened, among whom 2 646 (98.64%) children including 1 501 males and 1 145 females were inhabitants in the plateau region. The average age was (4.52±0.97) years. Refractive abnormalities were found in 253 children (9.56%). The detection rate of refractive abnormalities increased with age. There was no significant difference between males and females (χ²=1.79, P>0.05). The total abnormal refraction rate of preschoolers was lower in the plateau region than the non-plateau region (χ²=13.93, P<0.05). The parental refractive status (OR=0.06, 95%CI: 0.04-0.08) and nutritional factors (OR=0.11, 95%CI: 0.04-0.25) had higher correlations with the refractive abnormalities of preschoolers. Conclusions: The rate of refractive abnormalities of preschool children was relatively low in Changdu, Tibet. One of the effective measures to prevent ametropia in the plateau area can be balanced nutrition. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 772-776).
Assuntos
Erros de Refração , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pais , Erros de Refração/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tibet , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
Background: A 9-valent human papillomavirus-6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 (9vHPV) vaccine extends coverage to 5 next most common oncogenic types (31/33/45/52/58) in cervical cancer versus quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine. We describe efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety in Asian participants (India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand) from 2 international studies: a randomized, double-blinded, qHPV vaccine-controlled efficacy study (young women aged 16-26 years; NCT00543543; Study 001); and an immunogenicity study (girls and boys aged 9-15 years; NCT00943722; Study 002). Methods: Participants (N = 2519) were vaccinated at day 1 and months 2 and 6. Gynecological samples (Study 001 only) and serum were collected for HPV DNA and antibody assessments, respectively. Injection-site and systemic adverse events (AEs) were monitored. Data were analyzed by country and vaccination group. Results: 9vHPV vaccine prevented HPV-31/33/45/52/58-related persistent infection with 90.4%-100% efficacy across included countries. At month 7, ≥97.9% of participants seroconverted for each HPV type. Injection-site AEs occurred in 77.7%-83.1% and 81.9%-87.5% of qHPV and 9vHPV vaccine recipients in Study 001, respectively, and 62.4%-85.7% of girls/boys in Study 002; most were mild to moderate. Conclusions: The 9vHPV vaccine is efficacious, immunogenic, and well tolerated in Asian participants. Data support 9vHPV vaccination programs in Asia. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT00543543; NCT00943722.
Assuntos
Papillomaviridae/classificação , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Ásia/epidemiologia , Criança , Método Duplo-Cego , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/patologia , Feminino , Genitália Feminina/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
1. Differences in the expression of CIDEa and CIDEc in 20 different tissues were examined. Both CIDEa and CIDEc mRNA transcripts were predominantly but variably expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT) but were also expressed at moderate levels in the kidney and liver and at lower levels in the ovary. Interestingly, among WAT types, both CIDEa and CIDEc were expressed at the lowest levels in heart coronary WAT. 2. To better understand the roles of CIDEa and CIDEc in the fat deposition of broiler chickens, the differences in lipid droplet (LD) size and mRNA levels of CIDEa and CIDEc between lean-type and fat-type broiler chicken lines were studied. LD sizes were larger in fat-type broiler lines, and CIDEa and CIDEc mRNA levels in white adipose, kidney and liver tissues were significantly higher in fat-type broiler lines than in their lean counterparts. 3. Developmental expression patterns of CIDEa and CIDEc mRNA were analysed in different tissue types (WAT, liver and kidney) in Arbor Acres broiler chickens, and CIDEa and CIDEc mRNA expression levels increased during sequential developmental stages, achieving peak expression levels at week 6. 4. These observations suggest that the functions of CIDEa and CIDEc reflect inherent characteristics of lipid metabolism that contribute to the differences in fat deposition between strains. The results in this study contribute to a more robust understanding of the tissue distribution and expression patterns of CIDEa and CIDEc mRNA and facilitate further research concerning the molecular mechanism underlying fat deposition in broiler chickens.
Assuntos
Proteínas Aviárias/genética , Galinhas/genética , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/metabolismo , Galinhas/metabolismo , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/veterinária , Masculino , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterináriaRESUMO
Objective: To analyze genomic features of pathogens based on next generation sequencing technique in a food-borne disease event. Methods: A total of 11 blood samples, stomach contents before gastric lavage from the death and patients' foods were collected. S. aureus, B. cereus and toxic substances were detected. B. cereus detected in foods were counted. The conserved region of 16 S rDNA gene and ces gene(cereulide) of B. cereus isolates were detected by real-time PCR. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology was applied to acquire genome sequences of isolates. Different plasmids distribution and comparative genomics analysis with reference sequences in public databases were analyzed. Results: Only B. cereus tested positive in all samples. The counts of B. cereus in Egg fried rice, one food samples, were 1.9×10(7) CFU/g, and the counts of B. cereus in dried and fried fish and brine pork head meat samples were 3.0×10(3) CFU/g both. Ten isolates were carrying hlyâ ¢, nheA, nheB, inlA and inhA genes, and nine isolates carried the plcR gene and nine isolates carried the nheC gene. The PCR result of 16 S rDNA gene and ces gene of all isolates were positive. All carried the complete ces genes cluster sequence which were identical to the sequence of plasmid pCER270 (NC_01 0924.1) from strain AH187 in United Kingdom and pNCcld (NC_016792.1) from NC7401 in Japan. The alignment of plasmids turned out the sequence of the isolate differed from the pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids of B. anthracis, but carried the pNCcld plasmid containing the ces genes cluster. The phylogenetic tree based on genomic sequences of ten isolates showed high similarity (distances in phylogenetic tree from 2.0×10(-6)-9.0×10(-6)) to each other and to the B. cereus strains AH187 and NC7401 (MLST ST26 type, distances in phylogenetic tree from 3.8×10(-5)-4.5×10(-5)). Conclusion: The foodborne disease event was caused by vomiting type Bacillus cereus without plasmid pXO1 and pXO2 contaminated egg fried rice. The vomiting-type food poisoning caused by B. Cereus globally is probably associated with ST26, ST164 and other strains harboring ces gene.
Assuntos
Bacillus cereus/genética , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Filogenia , PlasmídeosRESUMO
Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of contractility dysfunction of human bronchial smooth muscle cells induced by nicotine. Methods: Primary human bronchial smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into a control group and a nicotine group which was treated with 10(-5) mol/L nicotine for 48 h and transfected with or without α7nAChR-siRNA (The siNC group, siNC + nicotine group and siα7nAChR + nicotine group). The effects of nicotine on the cell contractile function were examined by collagen gel shrinkage assay. The expressions of α7nAChR and TRPC6 protein in nicotine-treated human bronchial smooth muscle cells were detected by Western blotting. The change of intracellular calcium concentration by nicotine was detected by calcium ion imaging system.Data were analyzed by t test or single factor analysis of variance. Results: The area of collagen gel in the nicotine group (24±8)% was significantly lower than that in the control group (59±14)% (t=3.78, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of α7nAChR protein in nicotine-induced group (173±16)% was significantly higher than that of controls 100±0)%, t=-6.848, P<0.05. Compared with the siNC group [(72±10)%, (0.79±0.07), (0.41±0.04) and (0.17±0.02) respectively], the collagen gel area of siNC + nicotine group was significantly reduced by (37±10)%. However, the basal calcium level (1.04±0.02), store operated calcium entry level (SOCE, 0.68±0.03) and receptor operated calcium entry level (ROCE, 0.36±0.02) were remarkably elevated in the nicotine treated group (all P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with siNC + nicotine group, the area of collagen gel in siα7nAChR + nicotine group was significantly increased (62±10)%, and the basal calcium level (0.78±0.06), SOCE level (0.39±0.05) and ROCE level (0.15±0.02) were significantly reduced (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Nicotine can increase the expression of TRPC6 protein, SOCE and ROCE level, and increase the intracellular calcium concentration by upregulating the expression of α7nAChR protein, thereby promoting smooth muscle cell contraction.
Assuntos
Miócitos de Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Nicotina/farmacologia , Cálcio/sangue , Canais de Cálcio , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Músculo LisoRESUMO
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons and lacks an effective treatment. The disease pathogenesis has not been clarified at present. Pathological transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is found in a mutant TDP-43 transgenic cell model, but its downstream antioxidant enzyme expression is decreased. To elucidate the specific mechanism of Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant responsive element) signaling dysfunction, we constructed an ALS cell model with human mutant TDP-43 using the NSC-34 cell line to evaluate the impact of the TDP-43 mutation on the Nrf2/ARE pathway. We found the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, but the expression of total Nrf2, cytoplasmic Nrf2, and downstream phase II detoxifying enzyme (NQO1) was decreased in NSC-34 cells transfected with the TDP-43-M337V plasmid. Besides, TDP-43-M337V plasmid-transfected NSC-34 cells were rounded with reduced neurites, shortened axons, increased levels of intracellular lipid peroxidation products, and decreased viability, which suggests that the TDP-43-M337V plasmid weakened the antioxidant capacity of NSC-34 cells and increased their susceptibility to oxidative damage. We further showed that expression of the MafK protein and the Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) was reduced in TDP-43-M337V plasmid-transfected NSC-34 cells, which might cause accumulation of Nrf2 in nuclei but a decrease in NQO1 expression. Taken together, our results confirmed that TDP-43-M337V impaired the Nrf2/ARE pathway by reducing the expression of MafK and JDP2 proteins, and provided information for further research on the molecular mechanisms of TDP-43-M337V in ALS.
Assuntos
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição MafK/metabolismo , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Elementos de Resposta , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Fator de Transcrição MafK/genética , Camundongos , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Proteínas Repressoras/genéticaRESUMO
Objective: To analyze the clinical significance of hypoxia index (HI) in assessing the severity of hypoxemia in obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS). Methods: A total of 127 patients with a complaint of snoring visiting our hospital were recruited from February 2014 to January 2016. All patients received polysomnography (PSG) test. The PSG results were analyzed by a technician and the SpO(2) data were analyzed by a pre-designed computer software. The patients were grouped according to apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and lowest oxygen saturation (LSpO(2)) respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the best HI diagnostic value. Results: The HI (median) of the simple snoring, mild, moderate and severe OSAHS groups (according to AHI) were 0.027(0.004, 0.554), 0.281(0.045, 0.353), 0.429(0.099, 1.677), 21.714(2.737, 95.473), respectively. There were statistically significant correlation between HI and AHI, LSpO(2), ≥3% oxygen desaturation index(ODI(3)), the correlation coefficient being 0.78, -0.92, 0.87(U value were 8.76, -10.34, 9.72, all P<0.01). Grouped according to LSpO(2), the HI was significantly different between groups (H value were 7.62-14.39, all P<0.05). Conclusion: If the HI diagnostic value was set reasonably, it might be used as an effective index for evaluating the severity of OSAHS.
Assuntos
Apneia/etiologia , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Polissonografia , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/sangue , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Ronco/etiologiaRESUMO
Objective: To observe if arterial traffic ambient PM2.5 (TAPM2.5) and wood smoke PM2.5(WSPM2.5) exposure can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human bronchial cells (HBEC). Methods: PM2.5 was collected from an arterial traffic road and a typical southern kitchen, and then the collections were extracted by DMSO. The viability of HBEC was measured by Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8) after culture with PM2.5-DMSO extracts for 24 hours. The expressions of EMT markers, including E-cadherin, cytokeratin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and collagen typeâ (COL-â ) in HBEC were assayed by cell immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis after exposed to two different sources of PM2.5-DMSO extracts for 14 days. Results: The cell viability of HBEC increased at low concentrations (1, 2, 10 µg/ml and 1, 5, 10 µg/ml, corresponding to [(118.4±13.7)%, (118.2±8.0)%, (123.0±19.6)% and (112.4±4.1)%, (120±5.4)%, (117.8±7.0)%, respectively, all P<0.05], and then declined at high levels [20, 100, 200 µg/ml and 15, 20, 30, 40 µg/ml, corresponding to (100.7±12.1)%, (53.4±15.3)%, (9.4±1.7)% and (106.8±10.0)%, (93.8±7.9)%, (60.9±9.5)%, (46.2±3.6)%, respectively, P values were 0.923, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.231, 0.278, 0.000, 0.000, respectively] in both TAPM2.5-DMSO and WSPM2.5-DMSO incubation. After exposure for 14 days, the cells lost their typical cobblestone-like shape which implied that EMT might occur. The same treatment caused decreased positive signals of E-cadherin and cytokeratin in a small proportion of the cells. The decreased expressions of cytokeratin were verified by Western blot (TAPM2.5 and WSPM2.5 were 0.063±0.109 and 0.039±0.313, P values were 0.033 and 0.030, respectively), while α-SMA was only significantly upregulated in the WSPM2.5-DMSO group (7.853±4.784, P=0.049). The expressions of E-cadherin decreased in both groups but not statistically significant in Western blot (0.862±0.096 and 0.817±0.212, P values were 0.228 and 0.117, respectively). Another marker of EMT, COL-I, markedly increased in both PM2.5 treatment groups (2.549±1.037 and 3.658±1.207, P values were 0.034 and 0.001). Conclusions: Both PM2.5 from arterial traffic ambient air and wood smoke could induce EMT in human bronchial epithelial cells, while WSPM2.5 appeared to have a more significant influence on EMT in HBEC.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Madeira , Actinas , Antígenos CD , Western Blotting , Caderinas , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Humanos , Veículos Automotores , Nicotiana , VimentinaRESUMO
Objective: To investigate the risk factors of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with thyroid dysfunction and to explore the relationship between thyroid hormone and kidney injury of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods: In this retrospective study, 253 patients who were diagnosed with childhood SLE and hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to January 2021 were enrolled in the case group, and 70 healthy children were the control cases. The patients in the case group were divided into the normal thyroid group and the thyroid dysfunction group. Independent t-test, χ2 test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison between the groups, Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis, and Spearman correlation. Results: A total of 253 patients, there were 44 males and 209 females in the case group, and the age of onset was 14 (12, 16) years; a total of 70 patients, 24 males and 46 females were in the control group, and the age of onset was 13 (10, 13) years. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in the case group was higher than that in the control group (48.2% (122/253) vs. 8.6% (6/70), χ²=36.03, P<0.05). Of the 131 patients, there were 17 males and 114 females in the normal thyroid group, and the age of onset was 14 (12, 16) years. Of the 122 patients in the thyroid dysfunction group, 28 males and 94 females were in the thyroid dysfunction group, and the age of onset was 14 (12, 16) years. Of the 122 had thyroid dysfunction, including 51 cases (41.8%) with euthyroid sick syndrome, 25 cases (20.5%) with subclinical hypothyroidism, 18 cases (14.8%) patients with sub-hyperthyroidism, 12 cases (9.8%) with hypothyroidism, 10 cases (8.2%) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 4 cases (3.3%) with hyperthyroidism, and 2 cases (1.6%) with Graves disease. Compared to patients with normal thyroid function, the serum level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, urine white blood cell, urine red blood cell, 24 h urine protein, D-dimer, and fibrinogen, ferritin and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score were higher in patients with thyroid dysfunction (Z=3.07, 3.07, 2.48, 3.16, 2.40, 3.99, 2.68, 2.55, 2.80, all P<0.05), while the serum level of free thyroxine and C3 were lower in thyroid disfunction patients (10.6 (9.1, 12.7) vs. 11.3 (10.0, 12.9) pmol/L, and 0.46 (0.27, 0.74) vs. 0.57 (0.37, 0.82) g/L, Z=2.18, 2.42, both P<0.05). The higher level of triglyceride and D-dimer were the independent risk factors for childhood SLE with thyroid dysfunction (OR=1.40 and 1.35, 95%CI 1.03-1.89 and 1.00-1.81, respectively, both P<0.05). There were 161 patients with LN in the case group, all of which were conducted with renal biopsies, including 11 cases (6.8%) with types â LN, 11 cases (6.8%) with typesâ ¡LN, 31 cases (19.3%) with types â ¢ LN, 92 cases (57.1%) with types â £ LN, and 16 cases (9.9%) with types â ¤ LN. There were significant differences in the level of free triiodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone among different types of kidney pathology (both P<0.05); compared with types I LN, the serum level of free triiodothyronine was lower in types â £ LN (3.4 (2.8, 3.9) vs. 4.3 (3.7, 5.5) pmol/L, Z=3.75, P<0.05). The serum level of free triiodothyronine was negatively correlated with the acute activity index score of lupus nephritis (r=-0.228, P<0.05), while the serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone was positively correlated with the renal pathological acute activity index score of lupus nephritis (r=0.257, P<0.05). Conclusions: There is a high incidence of thyroid dysfunction in childhood SLE patients. The higher SLEDAI and more severe renal damage were found in SLE patients with thyroid dysfunction compared to these with normal thyroid functions. The risk factors of childhood SLE with thyroid dysfunction are the higher level of triglyceride and D-dimer. The serum level of thyroid hormone is possibly related to the kidney injury of LN.
Assuntos
Hipertireoidismo , Hipotireoidismo , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Nefrite Lúpica , Criança , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Nefrite Lúpica/complicações , Nefrite Lúpica/epidemiologia , Tri-Iodotironina , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic skin disease in which our understanding of the pathogenesis has substantially grown in recent years. Our current appreciation of the role of the immune system is that it plays a necessary and driving role in the disease process. Investigations into the genetics of psoriasis has spurred further examinations into the contributions of immune mediators such as IL-23, IL-17, IL-22, and TNF as well as cellular mediators including a variety of dendritic cell populations of the skin and the growing number of T cell types, including the Th17 and Th22 subsets. Investigations into how these soluble and cellular elements interact with each other and the skin and form complex signal circuits to engender the psoriasis phenotype is starting to become elucidated. Furthermore, these recent advances have been fruitful in leading to the development of new classes of biologic therapeutics that are remarkably effective in halting the disease process.
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Psoríase/imunologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Citocinas/fisiologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/patologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Humanos , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/patologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/fisiologia , Interleucinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucinas/fisiologia , Células de Langerhans/imunologia , Células de Langerhans/patologia , Modelos Imunológicos , Psoríase/genética , Psoríase/patologia , Pele/imunologia , Pele/patologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/fisiologiaAssuntos
Hemangioendotelioma , Síndrome de Kasabach-Merritt , Sarcoma de Kaposi , Recém-Nascido , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of neonatal vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) on tuberculin skin test (TST) reactivity over time and to define the optimal age-specific induration cut-offs to detect latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). DESIGN: TSTs were performed on 783 children aged 3 months to 14 years who had received neonatal BCG. The estimated annual risk of LTBI was derived from TSTs administered to 2504 children aged 7 years who lacked BCG scars. Goodness-of-fit analysis was used to determine the optimal age-specific cut-off values. RESULTS: The effect of neonatal BCG on TST induration waned with age, reaching a nadir at age 6-7 years. This was followed by a rise in TST reactivity. The optimal age-specific TST cut-off values for the detection of LTBI was estimated to be respectively 21, 18, 13 and 10 mm at ages 0-1, 2-3, 4-5 and 6-7 years. There was a close correlation between these new cut-off values with the estimated risk of LTBI for the first 7 years of life (r = 0.93, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of neonatal BCG on TST gradually declines over the first 7 years of life. Our proposed new age-specific TST induration cut-off values could help differentiate between response to BCG and LTBI in young children.
Assuntos
Vacina BCG , Teste Tuberculínico , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , VacinaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate results of three phase 3 clinical trials of quadrivalent HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccination of young Asia-Pacific women. METHODS: A total of 814 women from the Asia-Pacific region (aged 16 to 26 years) received vaccine or placebo in 1 of 3 protocols. Descriptive analyses focused on the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the vaccine and the natural history of HPV disease. RESULTS: Vaccine efficacy against disease caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16, or 18 was 100% for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (0 vs 12 cases; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63.1%-100%) and 100% for vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia or condylomata accuminata (0 vs 5 cases; 95% CI, -11.8% to 100%). The vaccination was highly immunogenic. Vaccine recipients experienced a significantly higher injection site adverse event rate (P=0.002). Compared with other world regions, lower rates of smoking and baseline positivity to 14 HPV types (including the vaccine types) were observed among Asia-Pacific participants. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic quadrivalent HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccination of young Asia-Pacific women demonstrated high efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Together with an observed low baseline HPV positivity rate, the Asia-pacific population is potentially an important cohort to benefit from vaccination.
Assuntos
Alphapapillomavirus/imunologia , Condiloma Acuminado/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/uso terapêutico , Displasia do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Povo Asiático , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/imunologia , População BrancaRESUMO
Objective: To identify the cause on a foodborne breakout in a university of Hangzhou in 2014. Methods: Data on cases were gathered from the out-patient logs of the university affiliated or neighboring hospitals to describe the disease distribution and epidemiological curves. Case-control and field studies on hazard factors were conducted simultaneously. Results: The incubation period was 1.5-5.0 hours, of which the median was 3 during the outbreak. All the cases consumed food from a restaurant called Chen's Snacks nearby their university and suffered from the Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin. Results from the Staphylococcus enterotoxin testing were positive in 3 stool and 6 food samples, out of the total 18 samples. Conclusion: This foodborne outbreak was caused through food poisoning by vermicelli which was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Enterotoxinas/genética , Intoxicação Alimentar Estafilocócica/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Enterotoxinas/biossíntese , Fezes/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos , Humanos , Restaurantes , Intoxicação Alimentar Estafilocócica/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
We have studied the effect of local anesthetics QX 572, which is permanently charged, and benzocaine, which is neutral, on batrachotoxin-activated sodium channels in mouse neuroblastoma N18 cells. The dose-response curves for each drug suggest that QX 752 and benzocaine each act on a single class of binding sites. The dissociation constants are 3.15 X 10(-5) M for QX 572 and 2.65 X 10(-4) M for benzocaine. Equilibrium and kinetic experiments indicate that both drugs are competitive inhibitors of batrachotoxin. When benzocaine and QX 572 are present with batrachotoxin, they are much more effective at inhibiting Na+ flux than would be predicted by a one-site model. Our results indicate that QX 572 and benzocaine bind to separate sites, each of which interacts competitively with batrachotoxin.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Batraquiotoxinas/farmacologia , Benzocaína/farmacologia , Canais Iônicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lidocaína/análogos & derivados , Sódio/metabolismo , Anestésicos Locais/metabolismo , Animais , Batraquiotoxinas/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Interações Medicamentosas , Cinética , Lidocaína/metabolismo , Lidocaína/farmacologia , Camundongos , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
Because of the interference by maternal antibody before 1 year of age, the Schwarz strain of measles vaccine, which has been routinely used in Taiwan, must be given at 9 months and 15 months of age to ensure an optimal immune response. The AIK-C strain of measles vaccine has been reported to be highly immunogenic. This study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of the AIK-C vaccine in 9-month-old Taiwanese infants. A total of 135 infants were recruited and were randomly assigned to receive either Schwarz vaccine (68 cases) or AIK-C vaccine (67 cases). Measles antibodies were assayed before and 1 month after the vaccination. Sixty-five (97%) infants who received the AIK-C vaccine seroconverted after the vaccination, whereas the seroconversion rate in those receiving the Schwarz vaccine was 77% (P = 0.001). The incidences of adverse reactions were comparable between the two groups. We conclude that even in 1990s, the failure rate of Schwarz vaccine in 9-month-old infants is still high. The AIK-C vaccine is more immunogenic in infants and its long-term immunogenicity and safety deserve further evaluation.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vacina contra Sarampo/efeitos adversos , Vacina contra Sarampo/imunologia , Vírus do Sarampo/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , VacinaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A combined diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis-hepatitis B (DTPwHB) vaccine might facilitate the achievement of universal vaccination of infants against hepatitis B. METHODS: A double blind, randomized, two-armed, single center study was undertaken to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of combined tetravalent DTPwHB vaccine, with two dosages of hepatitis B component (10 microg and 5 microg). The combined vaccine was tested in the context of a simplified vaccination schedule at 1.5, 3.5 and 6 months of age, to 120 healthy infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen-negative mothers after priming with one dose of hepatitis B vaccine (10 microg) at birth. Antibodies to each antigenic component were measured from blood samples collected immediately after birth, pre- and postvaccination blood samples. RESULTS: The reactogenicity profiles were similar in the two groups. No serious adverse events were reported. One month after completion of the four-dose vaccination schedule, all subjects except one in Group 1 (10 microg) had protective titers of anti-HBs (10 mIU/ml). At this time the geometric mean titer in Group 1 (10 microg) was higher than that observed in Group 2 (5 microg), 696 vs. 488 mIU/ml (P = 0.19). One month after three doses all subjects in both groups had protective antidiphtheria titers and antitetanus titers. The vaccine response rate to the Bordetella pertussis component of the vaccine was 88.0% in Group 1 and 96.2% in Group 2 (P = 0.86). CONCLUSION: Both combined tetravalent vaccines are safe and immunogenic when administered to infants born to a hepatitis B surface antigen-negative mother, with a 10-microg dose of priming hepatitis B vaccine at birth. This combined tetravalent DTPwHB vaccine may play an important role to promote integration of HB vaccine into the Expanded Program of Immunization in hepatitis B-endemic areas.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/imunologia , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/biossíntese , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Masculino , Testes Sorológicos , Vacinas Combinadas/imunologiaRESUMO
The effect of local massage on adverse reactions and immunogenicity of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine was investigated. After diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination 327 infants were either massaged or not, and adverse reactions were evaluated. Local pain and fever were more frequent in the massage group. The extra febrile episodes from massage were mild (38-39 degrees C). For evaluation of the antibody responses, 124 infants were recruited into massage or nonmassage cohorts and antibody production was measured at 2, 6, 7, 18 and 19 months of age, respectively. Subjects in the massage group developed significantly higher antibodies against filamentous hemagglutinin at 6 and 7 months of age, pertussis toxin at 6, 7, 18 and 19 months of age, pertussis agglutinogen at 18 and 19 months of age and those in the nonmassage group. Local massage after diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination was associated with better immunogenicity and more adverse reactions, including low grade fever and local pain, which were mild and not particularly disturbing.