Cardiac hypertrophic risk markers of left ventricle and left atrium in chronic heart failure due to aortic and mitral valve disease.

BACKGROUND: Chronic valvular heart disease leads to systolic dysfunction and left atrial enlargement that ultimately results in heart failure. PURPOSE: To investigate prognostic importance of Echocardiography and plasma natriuretic peptide levels that increase as a compensatory response and can be used as predictive markers for cardiac hypertrophy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patients were divided into three groups: 51 with left ventricle hypertrophy due to aortic valve disease; 126 with left atrial enlargement due to mitral valve dysfunction; and 76 with both conditions. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasma levels were measured in all three respective groups showing dilated cardiomyopathy. RESULTS: The mean left ventricular end-diastolic dimension at 64.3 ± 1.6 mm (P < 0.00) and left atrial dimension at 58.3 ± 3.7 mm (P < 0.00) were significantly high. However, patients with both conditions showed significantly high values for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (63.3 ± 3 mm, P < 0.00) and left atrial dimension (54.9 ± 4 mm, P < 0.00) when compared with controls. A significant positive correlation was found between plasma natriuretic peptides levels and dilated cardiomyopathy. The mean values of ANP were 173 ± 46.6 pg/mL (P < 0.00), 140.4 ± 42.4 pg/mL (P < 0.00), and 295.1 ± 67.5 pg/mL (P < 0.00), significantly high in all three respective disease groups. The levels of BNP were also significantly high at 189 ± 44.5 pg/mL (P < 0.00), 166.6 ± 36.6 pg/mL (P < 0.00), and 323 ± 69.1 pg/mL (P < 0.00) in the disease groups with left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, and the disease group showing both characteristics, respectively. CONCLUSION: Significant positive associations were found between left ventricle hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement with ANP and BNP.

Phytoassisted synthesis of CuO and Ag-CuO nanocomposite, characterization, chemical sensing of ammonia, degradation of methylene blue.

The elimination of hazardous industrial pollutants from aqueous solutions is an emerging area of scientific research and a worldwide problem. An efficient catalyst, Ag-CuO was synthesized for the degradation of methylene blue, the chemical sensing of ammonia. A simple novel synthetic method was reported in which new plant material Capparis decidua was used for the reduction and stabilization of the synthesized nanocatalyst. A Varying amount of Ag was doped into CuO to optimize the best catalyst that met the required objectives. Through this, the Ag-CuO nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, and FTIR techniques. The mechanism of increased catalytic activity with Ag doping involves the formation of charge sink and suppression of drop back probability of charge from conduction to valance band. Herein, 2.7 mol % Ag-CuO exhibited better catalytic activities and it was used through subsequent catalytic experiments. The experimental conditions such as pH, catalyst dose, analyte initial concentration, and contact time were optimized. The as-synthesized nanocomposite demonstrates an excellent degradation efficacy of MB which is 97% at pH 9. More interestingly, the as-synthesized catalyst was successfully applied for the chemical sensing of ammonia even at very low concentrations. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) also called analytic sensitivity was calculated for ammonia sensing and found to be 1.37 ppm.